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The term "[[death]]" occurs in various contexts in [[Lacan]]'s [[work]].
===Symbolic Death===
[[Death]] is constitutive of the [[symbolic]] [[order]], because the [[symbol]], by standing in [[place]] of the [[thing]] which it [[symbolization|symbolizes]], is equivalent to the [[death]] of that [[thing]]:
<blockquote>"The [[symbol]] is the [[murder]] of the [[thing]]."<ref>{{E}} p. 104</ref></blockquote>
====Death of the Subject====
It is only by virtue of the [[signifier]] that the [[subject]] has access to and can conceive of his own [[death]]:
<blockquote>"It is in the signifier and insofar as [[The Subject|the subject]] articulates a signifying [[chain]] that he comes up against the fact that he may [[disappear]] from the chain of what he is."<ref>{{S7}} p. 295</ref></blockquote>
===Subject Beyond Death===
The [[signifier]] also puts the [[subject]] beyond [[death]], because "the [[signifier]] already considers him [[dead]], by [[nature]] it immortalizes him."<ref>{{S3}} p. 180</ref>
====Dead Father====
[[Death]] in the [[symbolic order]] is related to the [[death]] of the [[Father]] (i.e. the murder of the [[father]] of the [[horde]] in ''[[Totem and Taboo]]''<ref>{{F}} ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'', 1912-13. [[SE]] XIII, 1</ref>); the [[symbolic]] [[father]] is always a [[dead]] [[father]].
===Second Death===
====First Death====
In the [[seminar]] of 1959-60, ''[[The Ethics of Psychoanalysis]]'',
[[Lacan]] talks [[about]] the "[[second death]]."<ref>{{S7}} p. 211</ref>
The [[death|first death]] is the [[materialism|physical]] [[death]] of the [[body]].
The [[death|first death]] ends one [[human|human life]] but which does not put an end to the cycles of corruption and regeneration.
The [[death|second death]] is that which prevents the regeneration of the [[dead]] [[body]], "the point at which the very cycles of the transformations of nature are annihilated."<ref>{{S7}} p. 248</ref>
====Beauty, Being, Pain====
The [[concept]] of the [[second death]] is used by [[Lacan]] to formulate [[ideas]] on various themes:
* beauty - "It is the function of beauty to reveal man's [[relationship]] to his own death."<ref>{{S7}} p. 260, 299</ref>
* the direct relationship to [[being]];<ref>{{S7}} p. 285</ref> and
* the [[sadistic]] [[fantasy]] of inflicting perpetual [[pain]]<ref>{{S7}} p. 295</ref>
====Between the Two Deaths====
The phrase "[[zone between-two-deaths]]" (''[[l'espace de l'entre-deux-morts]]'') designates "the zone in which [[tragedy]] is played out."<ref>{{S8}} p. 120</ref>
===Philosophical Death===
====Hegel and Heidegger====
[[Death]] plays an important [[role]] in the [[philosophical]] systems of [[Hegel]] and [[Heidegger]], and [[Lacan]] draws on both of these in his theorisation of the role of [[death]] in [[psychoanalysis]].
===="Absolute Master"====
From [[Hegel]] (via [[Kojève]]), [[Lacan]] takes the [[idea]] that [[death]] is both constitutive of [[man]]'s [[freedom]] and "[[Master|the absolute Master]]."<ref>[[Alexandre Kojève|Kojève, Alexandre]] ''[[Kojève|Introduction to the Reading of Hegel]]'', trans. [[James]] H. Nichols Jr., New York and [[London]]: Basic Books, 1969. [1933-39] p. 21</ref> [[Death]] plays a crucial part in the [[Hegelian]] [[dialectic]] of the [[master]] and the [[slave]] where it is intimately linked with [[desire]], since the [[master]] only affirms himself for [[others]] by means of a [[desire]] for [[death]].<ref>{{E}} p. 105</ref>
===="Being-For-Death"====
From [[Heidegger]], [[Lacan]] takes the idea that [[human]] [[existence]] only takes on [[meaning]] by virtue of the finite [[limit]] set by [[death]], so that the [[human]] [[subject]] is properly a "[[death|being-for-death]]". This corresponds to [[Lacan]]'s view that the [[analysand]] should come, via the [[treatment|analytic process]], to assume his own [[mortality]].<ref>{{E}} pp. 104-5</ref>
==Psychoanalytic Death==
===Dead Analyst===
In his comparison between [[psychoanalytic treatment]] and the [[game]] of bridge, [[Lacan]] describes the [[analyst]] as playing the [[position]] of the "dummy" (in [[French]], ''le mort''; literally, "the dead person").
<blockquote>"The analyst intervenes concretely in the dialectic of [[analysis]] by pretending that he is dead. . . he makes death [[present]]."<ref>{{E}} p. 140</ref></blockquote>
The [[analyst]] "cadaverises" himself (''se corpsifiat'').
===Obsessional Neurosis===
The question which constitutes the [[structure]] of [[obsessional neurosis]] concerns [[death]]; it is the question "Am I dead or alive?"<ref>{{S3}} pp. 179-80</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Analysand]]
* [[Analyst]]
* [[Being]]
* [[Body]]
||
* [[Castration complex]]
* [[Death drive]]
* [[Death instinct]]
* [[Desire]]
||
* [[Drive]]
* [[Dialectic]]
* [[Existence]]
* [[Father]]
||
* ''[[Jouissance]]''
* [[Master]]
* [[Obsessional neurosis]]
* [[Signifier]]
||
* [[Subject]]
* [[Symbol]]
* [[Treatment]]
* [[Uncanny]]
{{Also}}
==References==
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Symbolic]]
[[Category:Real]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
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