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[[Image:Kida_d.gif|right|frame|[[Kid A In Alphabet Land]]]]{{Top}}[[pulsion ]] de [[mort]]]]''; |-|| [[German]]: ''[[Todestrieb{{Bottom}}

[[Sigmund Freud|Freud]] introduced the [[concept ]] of the [[death drive]] in ''[[Beyond the Pleasure Principle]]'' (1920).

Here he established a fundamental opposition between [[death drive|life drive]]s (''[[eros]]''), conceived of as a tendency towards [[cohesion ]] and [[unity]], and the [[death drive]]s, which operate in the opposite direction, [[undoing ]] connections and destroying things.

The concept of the [[death drive]] was one of the most controversial [[:category:concepts|concepts]] introduced by [[Freud]], and many of his disciples rejected it, but [[Freud]] continued to reaffirm the concept for the rest of his [[life]].

<blockquote>"To ignore the [[death instinct ]] in his [Freud's] [[doctrine ]] is to misunderstand that doctrine entirely."<ref>{{E}} p. 301</ref></blockquote>

In 1946 he [[links ]] the [[death drive]] to the [[narcissism|suicidal tendency]] of [[narcissism]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 186</ref>.

By linking the [[death drive]] with the [[preoedipal phase]] and with [[narcissism]], these early remarks would [[place ]] the [[death drive]] in what [[Lacan]] later comes to call the [[imaginary order]].

This shift also marks a [[difference ]] with [[Freud]], for whom the [[death drive]] was closely bound up with [[biology]], representing the fundamental tendency of every [[living ]] [[thing ]] to return to an inorganic [[state]].

By situating the [[death drive]] firmly in the [[symbolic]], [[Lacan]] articulates it with [[culture ]] rather than [[nature]]; he states that the [[death drive]] "is not a question of bjologybiology,"<ref>{{E}} p. 102</ref>, and must be distinguished from the [[biological]] [[instinct]] to return to the inanimate.<ref>{{S7}} p. 211-12</ref>

[[Another ]] difference between [[Lacan]]'s concept of the [[death drive]] and [[Freud]]'s emerges in 1964.

[[Freud]] opposed the [[death drive]] to the [[sexual]] [[drive]]s, but now [[Lacan]] argues that the [[death drive]] is not a [[separate ]] [[drive]], but is in fact an aspect of every [[drive]].

<blockquote>"The [[distinction ]] between the [[death drive|life drive]] and the [[death drive]] is - [[true ]] in as much as it manifests two aspects of the [[drive]]."<ref>{{S11}} p. 257</ref></blockquote>

# every [[drive]] involves the [[subject ]] in [[repetition]], and