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==Sigmund Freud==
From his earliest works, [[Freud]] situated the [[concept ]] of [[defence]] at the heart of his [[theory ]] of [[neurosis]].
[[Defence]] refers to the reaction of the [[ego]] to certain interior stimuli which the [[ego]] perceives as dangerous.
==Defense Mechanisms==
Although [[Freud]] later came to argue that there were different "mechanisms of defence" in addition to [[repression]],<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Question of Lay-Analysis]]'', 1926d. [[SE]] XX, 179</ref> he makes it clear that [[repression]] is unique in the [[sense ]] that it is constitutive of the [[unconscious]].
[[Anna Freud]] attempted to classify some of these mechanisms in her book ''[[Anna Freud|The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence]]'' (1936).
==Jacques Lacan==
[[Lacan]] is very critical of the way in which [[Anna Freud]] and [[ego-psychology]] [[interpret ]] the concept of [[defence]].
He argues that they confuse the concept of [[defence]] with the concept of [[resistance]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 335</ref>
For this [[reason]], [[Lacan]] urges caution when discussing the concept of [[defence]], and prefers not to center his concept of [[psychoanalytic treatment]] around it.
==Resistance==
When he does discuss [[defence]], he opposes it to [[resistance]]; whereas [[resistances]] are transitory [[imaginary ]] responses to intrusions of the [[symbolic]] and are on the side of the [[object]], defences are more permanent [[symbolic]] [[structure]]s of [[subjectivity]] (which [[Lacan]] usually calls [[fantasy]] rather than [[defence]]).
This way of distinguishing between [[resistance]] and [[defence]] is quite different from that of [[other ]] [[school]]s of [[psychoanalysis]], which, if they have distinguished between [[defence]] and [[resistance]] at all, have generally tended to [[regard ]] [[defence]]s as transitory phenomena and [[resistance]]s as more [[stable]].
==Desire and Defence==
The opposition between [[desire]] and [[defence]] is, for [[Lacan]], a [[dialectic]]al one.
Thus he argues in 1960 that, like the [[neurotic]], the [[pervert]] "[[defends ]] himself in his [[desire,]]" since "desire is a defence (''défense''), a [[prohibition ]] (''défense'') against going beyond a certain [[limit ]] in ''[[jouissance]]''.<ref>{{E}} p. 322</ref>
In 1964 he goes on to argue:
<blockquote>"To desire involves a defensive [[phase tht ]] that makes it identical with not wanting to desire."<ref>{{S11}} p.235</ref></blockquote>
==See Also==
==References==
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