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| − | | + | #redirect [[defense mechanism]] |
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| − | From his earliest works, [[Freud]] situated the concept of [[defence]] (''défense'') at the heart of his theory of [[neurosis]].
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| − | [[Defence]] refers to the reaction of the [[ego]] to certain interior stimuli which the [[ego]] perceives as dangerous.
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| − | Although [[Freud]] later came to argue that there were different "[[defense mechanisms|mechanisms of defence]]' in addition to [[repression]]<ref>see Freud, 1926d</ref>, he makes it clear that repression is unique in the sense that it is constitutive of the [[unconscious]].
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| − | [[Anna Freud]] attempted to classify some of these mechanisms in her book [[The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence]] (1936).
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| − | Lacan is very critical of the way in which [[Anna Freud]] and [[ego-psychology]] interpret the concept of [[defence]].
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| − | He argues that they confuse the concept of [[defence]] with the concept of [[resistance]].<ref>Ec, 335</ref>
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| − | For this reason, [[Lacan]] urges caution when discussing the concept of [[defence]], and prefers not to centre his concept of psychoanalytic [[treatment]] around it.
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| − | When he does discuss [[defence]], he opposes it to [[resistance]]; whereas [[resistance]]s are transitory [[imaginary]] responses to intrusions of the [[symbolic]] and are on the side of the [[object]], defences are more permanent [[symbolic]] [[structures]] of [[subjectivity]] (which Lacan usually calls [[fantasy]] rather than defence).
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| − | This way of distinguishing between resistance and defence is quite different from that of other [[schools|schools of psychoanalysis]], which, if they have distinguished between defence and resistance at all, have generally tended to regard defences as transitory phenomena and resistances as more stable.
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| − | The opposition between desire and defence is, for Lacan, a dialectical one.
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| − | Thus he argues in 1960 that, like the neurotic, the [[pervert]] "defends himself in his desire," since "desire is a defence (''défense''), a [[prohibition]] (défense) against going beyond a certain limit in ''jouissance''."<ref>E, 322</ref>
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| − | In 1964 he goes on to argue: "To desire involves a defensive phase that makes it identical with not wanting to desire."<ref>Sll, 235</ref>
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| − | ==References==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | ==See Also==
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| − | [[Category:Terms]]
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| − | [[Category:Concepts]]
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| − | [[Category:Treatment]]
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| − | [[Category:Freudian psychology]]
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| − | [[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
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| − | [[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
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