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==Sigmund Freud==
From his earliest works, [[Freud]] situated the concept of [[defence]] at the heart of his theory of [[neurosis]].
[[Defence]] refers to the reaction of the [[ego]] to certain interior stimuli which the [[ego]] perceives as dangerous.
==Defense Mechanisms==Although [[Freud]] later came to argue that there were different "mechanism mechanisms of defence" in addition to [[repression]],<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Question of Lay-Analysis]]. '', 1926d.[[SE]] XX, 179</ref> he makes it clear that [[repression]] is unique in the sense that it is constitutive of the [[unconscious]]. [[Anna Freud]] attempted to classify some of these mechanisms in her book ''The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence'' (1936).
==Jacques Lacan==
[[Lacan]] is very critical of the way in which [[Anna Freud]] and [[ego-psychology]] interpret the concept of [[defence]].
He argues that they confuse the concept of [[defence ]] with the concept of [[resistance]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.335</ref>
For this reason, [[Lacan]] urges caution when discussing the concept of [[defence]], and prefers not to center his concept of [[psychoanalytic treatment]] around it.
==Resistance==
When he does discuss [[defence]], he opposes it to [[resistance]]; whereas [[resistances]] are transitory imaginary responses to intrusions of the [[symbolic]] and are on the side of the [[object]], defences are more permanent [[symbolic]] [[structure]]s of [[subjectivity]] (which [[Lacan]] usually calls [[fantasy]] rather than [[defence]]).
This way of distinguishing between [[resistance]] and [[defence]] is quite different from that of other [[school]]s of [[psychoanalysis]], which, if they have distinguished between [[defence]] and [[resistance]] at all, have generally tended to regard [[defence]]s as transitory phenomena and [[resistance]]s as more stable.
==MoreDesire and Defence==
The opposition between [[desire]] and [[defence]] is, for [[Lacan]], a [[dialectic]]al one.
Thus he argues in 1960 that, like the [[neurotic]], the [[pervert]] "defends himself in his desire," since "desire is a defence (''défense''), a prohibition (''défense'') against going beyond a certain limit in ''jouissance''.<ref>{{E}} p.322</ref>
In 1964 he goes on to argue:
<blockquote>"To desire involves a defensive phase tht makes it identical with not wanting to desire."<ref>{{S11}} p.235</ref></blockquote>
[[Category:Freudian psychology]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Practice]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
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