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In the [[seminar]] of 1956-7, [[Jacques Lacan]] introduces argues that the concept '''cry''' of the '''[[demandhelplessness|human infant]] in relation ''' -- its '''call''' (''l'appel'') to the '''[[needmother]] and desire]].''' -- is not merely an [[Jacques Lacaninstinct|instinctual signal]] posits but is "inserted in a distinction between [[needsynchronic]], [[demandworld]] and of cries organized in a symbolic [[desiresystem]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 182, 188</ref>

==Articulation of Need==Lacan argues that since the [[infant]] is incapable of performing the specific actions that would [[satisfy]] its [[Demandbiological]] arises only from [[speechneed]]s, it must articulate those [[need].]s in vocal [[form]] ([[Demanddemand]] is addressed to someone.s) so that [[Demandanother]] is only implicit.(the [[Demandmother]] is related to a need for love, but also to desire.) will perform the specific [[Demandaction]] does not need to be sustained by any real objectinstead.

In the 1956-7 The primary example of such a [[seminarbiological]], [[Object Relationsneed]] [[Lacan]] addresses is hunger, which the [[callchild]] articulates in a scream (''l'appel'' or ''cri'') of an [[infantdemand]] to ) so that the [[mother]]will feed it.<ref>[[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. [[Object Relations]]. ''La relation d'objet et les structures freudiennes.'' p.182</ref>

==Demand for the Other's Love==However, because the object]] which [[satisfies]] the [[child]]'s [Lacan[need]] argues that this cry is not merely an instinctual signal but "is inserted in provided by another, it takes on the added [[significance]] of [[being]] a synchronic world proof of cries organised in a symbolic system."<ref>the [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, JacquesOther]]. 's [[Object Relationslove]]. ''La relation d'objet et les structures freudiennes.'' p.188</ref>

The screams of the Accordingly [[infantdemand]] become organized in too acquires a [[linguisticdouble]] function: in addition to articualting a [[structureneed]] long before the , it also becomes a [[childdemand]] is capable of articulating recognisable for [[wordlove]]s.

The concept And just as the [[symbolic]] function of the [[object]] as a proof of [[demandlove]] overshadows its [[real]] function as that which [[satisfies]] a [[need]] is concerned with , so too the [[symbolic function]] [[dimension]] of the screams [[demand]] (as a [[demand]] for [[love]]) eclipses its real function (as an articulation of the [[infantneed]]).

The =Desire=It is this double function which gives [[infantbirth]] is unable to perform [[desire]], since while the [[actionneed]]s that would which [[demand]] articulates may be [[satisfysatisfied]] its , the craving for [[biology|biologicallove]] is unconditional and [[insatiable]], and hence persists as a leftover even after the [[need]]shave been satisfied; this leftover constitutes [[desire]].

The ==Helplessness==[[infantDemand]] must articulate its is thus intimately linked to the [[biology|biologicalhuman]] [[needsubject]]'s in vocal form so that the initial [[motherhelplessness]] can peform those [[action]]s instead.

For example: By forcing the [[infantanalysand]] articulates to express himself entirely in [[hungerspeech]], a the [[biologytreatment|biologicalpsychoanalytic situation]] [[need]], puts him back in a scream so that the [[motherposition]] will feed it. The of the [[objecthelpless]] which [[satisfaction|satisfiesinfant]] , thus encouraging [[need]] (provided by another) also [[signifies]] the [[Other]]'s [[loveregression]].

The [[<blockquote>"Through the mediation of the demand]] that articulates a , the [[biology|biologicalwhole]] [[needpast]] becomes a opens up [[demandright]] for to early infancy. [[loveThe Subject|The subject]]has never done anything other than demand, he could not have survived otherwise, an we just follow on from there."<ref>{{E}} p.254</ref></blockquote>

The ==Analysand==However, while the [[symbolic functionspeech]] of the [[analysand]] is itself already a [[demand]] (as for a reply), this [[demand]] for is underpinned by deeper [[lovedemand]]) overshadows its s (to be [[realcure]] function as d, to be revealed to himself, to become an articulation of [[needanalyst]]).<ref>{{E}} p.254</ref>

==Analyst==The function question of how the [[demandanalyst]] as an articulation of [[need]] becomes overshadows by its [[symbolic function]] (as a [[demand]] for engages with these [[lovedemands]])is crucial.

The Certainly the [[biology|biologicalanalyst]] does not attempt to gratify the [[needanalysand]] that 's [[demand]] articulates can be [[satisfaction|satisfied]].The [[demand]] for [[love]] s, but nor is insatiable.The [[demand]] for [[love]] persists as it simply a question of [[leftover]] even after the [[biologyfrustration|biological]] [[need]]s have been [[satisfaction|satisfied]].This [[leftoverfrustrating]] constitutes [[desirethem]].

[[Demand]] is thus intimately linked to the [[human]] [[subject]]'s initial [[helplessness]]. ==Development==The [[analysand]] articulates him or herself entirely in [[speech]].The [[analysand]] occupies the [[position]] of [[helplessness]]In 1961, that of the [[helplessLacan]] [[infant]].The psychoanalytic situation thus encourags [[regression]].Through rethinks the mediation of the [[demand]], the whole past opens up right down to early [[infancy]].The [[speech]] or various [[discoursestages]] of the [[analysand]] is itself already a [[demand]].<ref>E, 254</ref> The [[analyst]] must engage with the [[demandslibidinal]] organisation as forms of the [[analysand]]. He or she must not gratify the [[demand]]s of the [[analysand]], nor can he or she [[frustration|frustrate]] them.

In 1961, [[Lacan]] rethinks the various stages of libidinal organisation as forms of [[demand]]. The [[development|oral phase]] of [[development]] is constituted by a [[demand]] (made by the [[subject]]) to be fed(which is a [[demand]] made by the [[subject]]).

The oral demand calls for an inverse response, such that the other's answer to the imperative "feed me" is "let yourself be fed." This inversion becomes a source of discord or even of destructive urges. To whom is the demand addressed? To the Other, and not the mother. It is addressed to the Other that separates the demand from a desire. And that desire, in turn, deprives the demand of its satisfaction. Thus the demand becomes a non-demand. The dream of the "beautiful butcher's wife," as reported by Freud, is a perfect example of this. What is the object of her desire to define? It is a cannibalistic object. This desire is directed towards the nourishing body, an organic unconscious object through which the demand's relation to the Other can be sexualized. This libidinization, "which is nothing but surplus," deprives the need of its gratification. The function of desire, which sustains all demand, is in turn maintained in it and thus preserved. Desire can be recognized in the field of speech by the negation with which it originates: this, and not that!The original oral relation between the mother and her child is constantly fed by a kind of hostility in which each one is convinced, at the imaginary level, of being "bawled out" by the other. Donald Winnicott (1974) emphasizes moreover that the object is so good, so exciting—that it bites. Consultations with mothers and children always show this.  The [[anal phase]] is constituted by a [[demand]] of the [[Other]].<ref>S8, 238-46, 269</ref>At the anal stage, need reigns supreme; but while demand sets out to restrain need, desire wants to expel it. The one is entrusted with satisfying it, while the other is determined to control it. In the end, this control is legitimated only by turning need into a gift expected by an other, who is always primordially the mother. The oblation both of this exonerating gift is metonymic. In order to evacuate the gift of symbolic desire, the one who gives it (child, student, or citizen, for example) could well adopt the slogan "everything for the other" in reference to the one who expects it (the mother, the teacher, or an authority figure)—this is true enough in the voting booth, at any rate. Such a gift is not produced by the one who gives it: someone else is the producer, someone who is able to wait for it only as long as the giver is suffering. It is not that the gift is necessarily painful in itself; the reaction of the one who receives it is the determining factor in that respect. So that her expectations will not be in vain, the mother eroticizes her relation with the child. She makes the child a sexual partner, involved in a fantasy in which he becomes the imaginary phallic object. In the end, the child will have been forced to do the only thing it was able to do. This was how the sadomasochistic economy was described by Freud, who took the symbolic equivalence of penis, feces, and child as his starting point.   In these [[development|pregenital phasestage]]s, the [[satisfaction]] of [[demand]] eclipses [[desire]].; only in the [[Desiregenital stage]] is fully constituted only in the does [[genital phasedesire]]comes to be fully constituted.<ref>{{S8, }} p. 270</ref>At the genital stage, demand seeks out a real partner. A repressed demand returns in the field of sexuality, and it will be satisfied only by a real engagement—one the subject wants to wait for, since he or she intends to bring it about. Thus the demand is based on the primacy of a sexual desire that is certainly sustained by a need, but that emphasizes a real lack in the other. Far from realizing desire, this lack constantly renews it. "The subject does not know what he desires most," either from the other or in terms of his own lack. From then on, the "something else" that originates from this lack of knowledge is related to a desire that is deceived. It is deceived if it believes itself to be lacking only the other, the missing half that is but a shadow from the past.    [[Demand]] arises when a [[lack]] in the [[Real]] becomes articulates in the [[symbolic]] medium of [[language]].[[Demand]], like [[parapraxes]] or [[slips of the tongue]], express [[unconscious]] signifying formations.[[Desire]] is leftover from the [[demand]].The [[Real]] cannot be symbolized.The leftover represents a [[loss|lost]] [[surplus]] of ''[[jouissance]]'' for the [[subject]]."Don't give me what I ask for, that's not it." The [[object]] of [[demand]] is a [[fantasy]] [[object]], what is [[lack]]ing in the [[unconscious]] [[Other]].The function of the [[object]] is to make the [[demand]] of the [[subject]] and the [[demand]] of the [[Other]] coincide.[[Demand]], although it is tied to both the [[symbolic]] and the [[real]], is primarily [[imaginary]], and thus most closely related to the [[body]].in relation to oral, anal, and genital regions of the body that serve as the sources of demand.The [[symbolic function]] of the [[object]] as a proof of [[love]] overshadows its real function as that which satisfies a [[need]].     How do we recognize an obsessional neurosis? By a declared conflict between demand and desire, satisfaction and discipline, need and legitimacy, gift and exoneration. The outcome of this conflict can only be a resignation to suffering. The characteristic "it could have been worse" attitude alludes to the masochistic jouissance that the obsessional derives from it, while "You had that coming" sums up the sadistic expectation of the other, who is without doubt the father—when it comes to need, he's always too much.

<ref>demand, 154-6, 209, 235, 269, 271, 273-4,278</ref><ref>'''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis'''. Ed. J.-A. Miller. Trans. A. Sheridan. London: Hogarth Press, 1977.</ref><ref>Lacan, Jacques. (1966 [2002]).Écrits. Paris: Seuil. Écrits: A selection. (Bruce Fink, Trans.). New York: W. W. Norton.</ref><ref>Lacan, Jacques. (1991). Le Séminaire-livre VIII, le transfert (1960-61). Paris: Seuil.</refdiv>

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