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Demand

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{{Les termes}}
The French terms demander and demande lack the connotations of imperativeness and urgency conveyed by the English word 'demand', and are perhaps closer to the English words 'ask for' and 'request'. The term '[[demand ]]' (''demande'')  In the 1956-7 seminar, [[Object Relations]] [[Lacan]] addresses the [[call]] (''l'appel'' or ''cri'') of an [[infant]] to the [[mother]].<ref>[[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. [[Object Relations]]. ''La relation d'objet et les structures freudiennes.'' p.182</ref> [[Lacan]] argues that this cry is not merely an instinctual signal but "is inserted in a synchronic world of cries organised in a symbolic system."<ref>[[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. [[Object Relations]]. ''La relation d'objet et les structures freudiennes.'' p.188</ref> The screams of the infant become organized in a linguistic structure long before the child is capable of articulating recognisable words.  [[Jacques Lacan]] introduces the concept of [[demand]] in 1958 in the context of his distinction between [[need]], [[demand]] and [[desire]].  It is the symbolic nature of the infant's screams which forms the kernel of Lacan's concept of demand.       The [[infant]] is unable to perform the [[action]]s that would satisfy its [[biology|biological]] [[need]]s.The [[infant]] must articulate its [[biology|biological]] [[need]]s in vocal form so that the [[mother]] can peform those actions instead. For example: the [[infant]] articulates [[hunger]], a [[biology|biological]] [[need]], in a scream so that the [[mother]] will feed it. The [[object]] which [[satisfaction|satisfies]] [[need]] (provided by another) also signifies the [[Other]]'s [[love]].  The [[demand]] that articulates a [[biology|biological]] [[need]] becomes a [[demand]] for [[love]]. The [[symbolic function]] of the [[demand]] (as a [[demand]] for [[love]]) overshadows its real function as an articulation of [[need]].The function of [[demand]] as an articulation of [[need]] becomes overshadows by its [[symbolic function]] (as a [[demand]] for [[love]]).  The [[biology|biological]] [[need]] that [[demand]] articulates can be [[satisfaction|satisfied]].The [[demand]] for [[love]] is insatiable.The [[demand]] for [[love]] persists as a [[leftover]] even after the [[biology|biological]] [[need]]s have been [[satisfaction|satisfied]].This [[leftover]] constitutes [[desire]].  Demand is thus intimately linked to the human subject's initial [[helplessness]].  By forcing the analysand to express himself entirely in speech, the psychoanalytic situation puts him back in the position of the helpless infant, thus encouraging [[regression]].   Through the mediation of the demand, the whole past opens up right down to early infancy. The subject has never done anything other than demand, he could not have survived otherwise, and we just follow on from there.<ref>E, 254</ref>    
The French terms demander and demande lack the connotations of imperativeness and urgency conveyed by the English word 'demand', and are perhaps closer to the English words 'ask for' and 'request'.
However, all English translations while the speech of Lacan use the term 'analysand is itself already a demand' in order (for a reply), this demand is underpinned by deeper demands (to be cured, to be revealed to himself, to maintain consistencybecome an analyst).<ref>E, 254</ref>
Although the term 'demand' only begins to figure prominently in Lacan's work from 1958 on, related themes are already present in the 1956-7 seminar.
It is in this seminar that Lacan discusses the call (l'appel), the baby's cry to the mother.<ref>S4, 182</ref> Lacan argues that this cry (cri) is not merely an instinctual signal but 'is inserted in a synchronic world of cries organised in a symbolic system'.<ref>S4, 188</ref> In other words, the infant's screams become organised in a linguistic structure long before the child is capable of articulating recognisable words.
It is the symbolic nature of the infant's screams which forms the kernel of Lacan's concept of demand, which Lacan introduces in 1958 in the context of his distinction between [[need]], demand and [[desire]]. Lacan argues that since the infant is incapable of performing the specific actions that would satisfy its biological needs, it must articulate those needs in vocal form (demands) so that another (the mother) will perform the specific action instead. The primary example of such a biological need is hunger, which the child articulates in a scream (a demand) so that the mother will feed it.
However, because The [[analyst]] must engage with the [[demands]] of the object which satisfies [[analysand]]. He or she must not gratify the child'[[demand]]s need is provided by another, it takes on the added significance of being a proof of the Other's love[[analysand]], nor can he or she [[frustration|frustrate]] them.
Accordingly demand too acquires a double function: in addition to articulating a need, it also becomes a demand for love. And just as the symbolic function of the object as a proof of love overshadows its real function as that which satisfies a need, so too the symbolic dimension of demand (as a demand for love) eclipses its real function (as an articulation of need). It is this double function which gives birth to desire, since while the needs which demand articulates may be satisfied, the craving for love is unconditional and insatiable, and hence persists as a leftover even after the needs have been satisfied; this leftover constitutes desire.
Demand is thus intimately linked to the human subject's initial [[helplessness]]. By forcing the analysand to express himself entirely in speechIn 1961, Lacan rethinks the psychoanalytic situation puts him back in the position various stages of libidinal organisation as forms of the helpless infant, thus encouraging [[regression]]demand.
Through the mediation of the The oral stage is constituted by a demandto be fed, which is a demand made by the whole past opens up right down to early infancy. The subject has never done anything other than demand, he could not have survived otherwise, and we just follow on from there.<ref>E, 254</ref>
HoweverIn the anal stage, while on the speech other hand, it is not a question of the analysand is itself already a subject's demand (for a reply), this but the demand is underpinned by deeper demands of the Other (to be cured, to be revealed to himself, to become an analystthe parent who disciplines the child in potty-training).<ref>ES8, 254238-46, 269</ref> The question of how the analyst engages with these demands is crucial. Certainly the analyst does not attempt to gratify the analysand's demands, but nor is it simply a question of frustrating them (see [[frustration]].
In 1961, Lacan rethinks the various stages of libidinal organisation as forms of demand. The oral stage is constituted by a demand to be fed, which is a demand made by the subject. In the anal stage, on the other hand, it is not a question of the subject's demand, but the demand of the Other (the parent who disciplines the child in potty-training).<ref>S8, 238-46, 269</ref> In both of these pregenital stages the satisfaction of demand eclipses desire; only in the genital stage does desire come to be fully constituted.<ref>S8, 270</ref>
==def==
== deff ==
In [[LacanDemand]]ian [[psychoanalysis]], a '''demand''' results arises when a [[lack (psychoanalysis)|lack]] in the [[the Real]] is phrased into becomes articulates in the [[the Symbolicsymbolic]] medium of [[language]]. Whether or not demands achieve their apparent aims, they are always successful in the sense that all parapraxes or slips of the tongue are successful - they faithfully express [[unconscious]] signifying formations.
But because the Real is never totally symbolizable[[Demand]], a residue like [[parapraxes]] or kernel [[slips of the tongue]], express [[unconscious]] signifying formations. [[desire (psychoanalysis)|desireDesire]] is left behind by every leftover from the [[demand, representing ]].The [[Real]] cannot be symbolized.The leftover represents a [[loss|lost ]] [[surplus ]] of ''[[jouissance]] '' for the [[subject (philosophy)|subject]].   "Don't give me what I ask for, that's not it."
==ref==
==See Also==
* ''[[Seminar XI|The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]''
{{Les termes}}
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
 
 
 
The [[symbolic function]] of the [[object]] as a proof of [[love]] overshadows its real function as that which satisfies a [[need]].
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