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"[[Discourse]]" ([[Fr]]. ''{{Top}}[[discours]]''){{Bottom}}

Thus =====Discourse of the famous Other=====The term "[[Lacan|Lacanian formuladiscourse]], "the unconscious is used by [[Lacan]] to emphasize the discourse of the Other" designates the ''[[unconsciousintersubjectivity|transindividual]] as the effects on the '' [[subjectnature]] of '''[[speechlanguage]] ''', the fact that is addressed to him from elsewhere; by another '''[[subjectspeech]] who has been forgotten, by ''' always implies [[another psychic locality (the other ]] [[scenesubject]]), an interlocutor.

===Four Discourses===In 1969, The '''[[Lacanunconscious]] begins to use ''' is the term "[[discourse|discourse of the Other]]" in a slightly different way, though one that still carries with it the stress effect on the [[subject]] of [[speech]] that is addressed to that [[subject]] from elsewhere, by another [[subject]] (who has been [[memory|forgotten]]), by an [[scene|other scene]] or [[intersubjectivityscene|psychic locality]].

From this point on =====Social Bond=====In 1969, [[Lacan]] begins to use the term designates "[[discourse]]" to denote a "[[discourse|social bond]], founded in [[language]]."<ref>{{S20}} p.21</ref>

He [[Lacanidentifies]] identifies ''four possible '' types of [[discourse|social bondbonds]], four possible articulations of the [[symbolic order|symbolic network]] which regulates [[intersubjectivity|intersubjective relations]].

=====Four Discourses=====These "[[discourse|four discourses]]" are the [[discourse|discourse of the master]], the [[discourse|discourse of the university]], the [[discourse|discourse of the hysteric]], and the [[discourse|discourse of the analyst]].

* the [[Lacandiscourse]] represents each of the '''[[four discoursesmaster]] by an algorithm: each algorithm contains ''',* the following four [[algebraicdiscourse]] of the '''[[university]]''',* the [[discourse]] of the '''[[hysteric]]''', and* the [[discourse]] of the '''[[symbolanalyst]]s:'''.

=====Four Algorithms=====[[Image:Lacan-fourdiscourselettersLetdis.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Algebra]]ic [[symbol]]s from the [[Four Discourses]]]]

What distinguishes Each of the [[discourse|four discourses]] from one another is the positions of these represented by an [[matheme|algorithm]] which contains ''four symbols'' [[algebraic]] [[symbol]]s.

There The names of these ''four'' [[symbol]]s are four positions in the algorithms of shown to the [[four discoursesright]], each of which is designated by a different name.

The names of the ''four positions are shown below; '' [[Lacansymbol]] gives s correspond to ''four'' different names to these [[discourse|positions at different points ]] in his work, and this figure is taken from each [[matheme|algorithm]] of the 1972-3 seminar.<ref>{{S20}} p[[discourse|four discourses]].21</ref>

Each [[Image:Lacan-structurefourdiscourses.jpgmatheme|thumbalgorithm]] of the [[discourse|rightfour discourses]] has ''four'' different [[discourse|The structure of positions]] with which the ''four discourses'' [[symbol]]s correspond.

Each [[discourse]] is defined by writing Image:Discourse-Structure.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The structure of the four [[algebraicdiscourses]] [[symbol]]s in a different position.

The [[discourse|position]] of the ''four'' [[symbol]]s always remain in the same order, so each [[discoursematheme|algorithm]] is simply the result of rotating what distinguishes the [[symboldiscourse|four discourses]]s a quarter turnfrom one another.

The top-left position ("the agent") is the dominant position which defines [[discourse|four discourses]] are distinguished from one another by the [[discourse|positions]] of these ''four'' [[symbol]]s in each [[matheme|algorithm]].

In addition to Each of the [[discourse|four discourses]] is defined by the [[discourse|position]] of the ''four'' [[symbol]]s, each in its [[matheme|algorithm also contains an arrow going from the agent to the other]].

The names of the ''four'' [[four discoursesdiscourse|positions]] are shown in to the figure belowright.<ref>{{S20}} p.21</ref>

=====MiscellaneousDiscourse of the Master=====[[Image:Madis.jpg|thumb|right|[[Discourse]] of the [[Master]]]]The [[discourse]] of the [[master]] is the basic [[discourse]] from which the other [[three]] [[discourse]]s are derived.

In 1971, The '''dominant [[Lacanposition]] proposes that ''' is occupied by the position of [[master signifier]] ([[Image:SS1.gif]]), which represents the agent [[subject]] ('''S''') for another [[signifier]] or, more precisely, for all other [[signifiers]] ([[Image:SS2.gif]]); however, in this [[signification|signifying operation]] there is also the position of the always a [[surplus]], namely, ''[[semblanceobjet petit a]]''.

In 1972, [[Lacan]] inscribes two arrows in the formulas isntead of one; one arrows (which [[Lacan]] labels "impossibility") goes from the agent to the other, and the other arrow (which The point is labelled "powerlessness") goes from production that all attempts at totalization are doomed to truth.<ref>{{S20}} pfailure.21</ref>

===The Discourse [[discourse]] also illustrates clearly the [[structure]] of the Master===The discourse [[dialectic]] of the [[master is ]] and the basic discourse from which the other three discourses are derived[[master|slave]].

The dominant position is occupied by the [[master signifier ]] (Si[[Image:SS1.gif]]), which represents is the subject [[discourse|agent]] who puts the [[slave]] (S) for another signifier or, more precisely, for all other signifiers (S2[[Image:SS2.gif]])to [[work]]; however, in the result of this signifying operation there work is always a [[surplus, namely, ]] (''[[objet (petit ) a|a]]'') that the [[master]] attempts to appropriate.

=====Discourse of the University=====[[Image:Unidis.jpg|thumb|right|[[Discourse]] of the [[University]]]]The point [[discourse]] of the [[university]] is that all attempts at totalisation are doomed to failureproduced by a quarter turn of the [[discourse]] of the [[master]] (anticlockwise).

The discourse of the master "masks the division of the subjectdominant position is occupied by [[knowledge]] (''[[savoir]]'')."<ref>{{S17}} p.118</ref>

The discourse also This illustrates clearly the structure of fact that behind all attempts to impart an apparently "neutral" [[knowledge]] to the dialectic [[other]] can always be located an attempt at [[master]]y ([[master]]y of the master [[knowledge]], and domination of the slave. The master (S1) is the agent who puts the slave (S2) (O WOrk; the result of [[other]] to whom this work [[knowledge]] is a surplus (aimparted) that the master attempts to appropriate.

The [[discourse]] of the [[university]] represents the [[hegemony]] of [[knowledge]], particularly [[visible]] in [[modernity]] in the [[form]] of the hegemony of [[Image:Lacan-fourdiscourses.jpg|thumb|right|The four discoursesscience]].

===The Discourse of the University===The discourse of the university It is not simply "that which is produced uttered by a quarter turn hysteric", but a certain kind of the [[discourse of the master (anticlockwise)|social bond]] in which any [[subject]] may be inscribed.

The dominant position is occupied by knowledge (savoir)the [[split|divided]] [[subject]], the [[symptom]].

This illustrates the fact [[discourse]] is that behind all attempts to impart an apparently 'neutral' knowledge to which points the other can always be located an attempt at mastery (mastery of way towards [[knowledge, and domination of the other to whom this knowledge is imparted)]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 23</ref>

The [[Psychoanalytic treatment]] involves "the [[structural]] introduction of the [[discourse ]] of the university represents the hegemony '''[[hysteric]]''' by means of knowledgeartificial [[conditions]]"; in other [[words]], particularly visible in modernity in the form of [[analyst]] "[[hysteria|hystericises]]" the hegemony of science[[patient]]'s [[discourse]].<ref>{{S17}} p.35</ref>

===The ==Discourse of the HystericAnalyst=====[[Image:Anadis.jpg|thumb|right|[[Discourse]] of the [[Analyst]]]]The [[discourse ]] of the hysteric [[analyst]] is also produced by a quarter turn of the [[discourse ]] of the master, but [[hysteric]] (in a clockwise directionthe same way as [[Freud]] developed [[psychoanalysis]] by giving an [[interpretation|interpretative]] turn to the [[discourse]] of his [[hysterical]] [[patient]]s).

It The position of the [[discourse|agent]], which is not simply 'that which the position occupied by the [[analyst]] in the [[treatment]], is uttered occupied by ''[[objet (petit) a|objet petit a hysteric]]''; this illustrates the fact that the [[analyst]] must, but a certain kind in the course of the [[treatment]], become the [[cause]] of social bond in which any subject may be inscribedthe [[analysand]]'s [[desire]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 41</ref>

The dominant position is occupied by the divided subject, the symptom.  This discourse is that which points the way towards knowledge.<ref>{{S17}} p.23</ref>. Psychoanalytic treatment involves 'the structural intro- duction of the discourse of the hysteric by means of artificial conditions'; in other words, the analyst 'hystericises' the patient's discourse.<ref>{{S17}} p.35<.ref> ===The Discourse of the Analyst===The discourse of the analyst is produced by a quarter turn of the discourse of the hysteric (in the same way as Freud developed psychoanalysis by giving an interpretative turn to the discourse of his hysterical patients).  The position of the agent, which is the position occupied by the analyst in the treatment, is occupied by objet petit a; this illustrates the fact that the analyst must, in the course of the treatment, become the cause of the analysand's desire.<ref>Sl7, 41</ref> The fact that this [[discourse ]] is the [[inverse ]] of the [[discourse ]] of the [[master ]] emphasises that, for [[Lacan]], [[psychoanalysis ]] is an essentially subversive [[practice ]] which undermines all attempts at domination and mastery.<ref> For further information on the four discourses, see Bracher et al., 1994[[master]]y.</ref>

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