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He [[Lacanidentifies]] identifies ''four possible '' types of [[discourse|social bondbonds]], four possible articulations of the [[symbolic order|symbolic network]] which regulates [[intersubjectivity|intersubjective relations]].
=====Four Discourses=====These "[[discourse|four discourses]]" are the [[discourse|discourse of the master]], the [[discourse|discourse of the university]], the [[discourse|discourse of the hysteric]], and the [[discourse|discourse of the analyst]].
* the [[Lacandiscourse]] represents each of the '''[[four discoursesmaster]] by an algorithm: each algorithm contains ''',* the following four [[algebraicdiscourse]] of the '''[[university]]''',* the [[discourse]] of the '''[[hysteric]]''', and* the [[discourse]] of the '''[[symbolanalyst]]s:'''.
=====Four Algorithms=====[[Image:Lacan-fourdiscourselettersLetdis.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Algebra]]ic [[symbol]]s from the [[Four Discourses]]]]
The names of the ''four positions are shown below; '' [[Lacansymbol]] gives s correspond to ''four'' different names to these [[discourse|positions at different points ]] in his work, and this figure is taken from each [[matheme|algorithm]] of the 1972-3 seminar.<ref>{{S20}} p[[discourse|four discourses]].21</ref>
Each [[Image:Lacan-structurefourdiscourses.jpgmatheme|thumbalgorithm]] of the [[discourse|rightfour discourses]] has ''four'' different [[discourse|The structure of positions]] with which the ''four discourses'' [[symbol]]s correspond.
The [[discourse|position]] of the ''four'' [[symbol]]s always remain in the same order, so each [[discoursematheme|algorithm]] is simply the result of rotating what distinguishes the [[symboldiscourse|four discourses]]s a quarter turnfrom one another.
The top-left position ("the agent") is the dominant position which defines [[discourse|four discourses]] are distinguished from one another by the [[discourse|positions]] of these ''four'' [[symbol]]s in each [[matheme|algorithm]].
The names of the ''four'' [[four discoursesdiscourse|positions]] are shown in to the figure belowright.<ref>{{S20}} p.21</ref>
The [[Image:Lacan-fourdiscourses.jpg|thumb|right|The four discoursesdiscourse]] of the [[master]] "masks the [[division]] of the [[subject]]."<ref>{{S17}} p. 118</ref>
The [[discourse]] also illustrates clearly the [[structure]] of the [[dialectic]] of the [[master]] and the [[master|slave]].
The [[master]] ([[Image:SS1.gif]]) is the [[discourse|agent]] who puts the [[slave]] ([[Image:SS2.gif]]) to [[work]]; the result of this work is a [[surplus]] (''[[objet (petit) a|a]]'') that the [[master]] attempts to appropriate.
On the gif the right-side S barré is a typo. It must be changed to [[objet]] [[petit a]] (as rightly described.
=====Discourse of the University=====
[[Image:Unidis.jpg|thumb|right|[[Discourse]] of the [[University]]]]
The [[discourse]] of the [[university]] is produced by a quarter turn of the [[discourse]] of the [[master]] (anticlockwise).
The dominant position is occupied by [[knowledge]] (''[[savoir]]'').
This illustrates the fact that behind all attempts to impart an apparently "neutral" [[knowledge]] to the [[other]] can always be located an attempt at [[master]]y ([[master]]y of [[knowledge]], and domination of the [[other]] to whom this [[knowledge]] is imparted).
The [[discourse]] of the [[university]] represents the [[hegemony]] of [[knowledge]], particularly [[visible]] in [[modernity]] in the [[form]] of the hegemony of [[science]].
=====Discourse of the Hysteric=====
[[Image:Hysdis.jpg|thumb|right|[[Discourse]] of the [[Hysteria|Hysteric]]]]
The [[discourse]] of the [[hysteric]] is also produced by a quarter turn of the [[discourse]] of the [[master]], but in a clockwise direction.
It is not simply "that which is uttered by a hysteric", but a certain kind of [[discourse|social bond]] in which any [[subject]] may be inscribed.
The dominant position is occupied by the [[split|divided]] [[subject]], the [[symptom]].
This [[discourse]] is that which points the way towards [[knowledge]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 23</ref>
[[Psychoanalytic treatment]] involves "the [[structural]] introduction of the [[discourse]] of the '''[[hysteric]]''' by means of artificial [[conditions]]"; in other [[words]], the [[analyst]] "[[hysteria|hystericises]]" the [[patient]]'s [[discourse]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 35</ref>
=====Discourse of the Analyst=====
[[Image:Anadis.jpg|thumb|right|[[Discourse]] of the [[Analyst]]]]
The [[discourse]] of the [[analyst]] is produced by a quarter turn of the [[discourse]] of the [[hysteric]] (in the same way as [[Freud]] developed [[psychoanalysis]] by giving an [[interpretation|interpretative]] turn to the [[discourse]] of his [[hysterical]] [[patient]]s).
The position of the [[discourse|agent]], which is the position occupied by the [[analyst]] in the [[treatment]], is occupied by ''[[objet (petit) a|objet petit a]]''; this illustrates the fact that the [[analyst]] must, in the course of the [[treatment]], become the [[cause]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[desire]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 41</ref>
The fact that this [[discourse]] is the [[inverse]] of the [[discourse]] of the [[master]] emphasises that, for [[Lacan]], [[psychoanalysis]] is an essentially subversive [[practice]] which undermines all attempts at domination and [[master]]y.
=====Discourse of the Capitalist=====
In a few parts of his teaching (notably in his discourse in Milano), Lacan talked [[about]] a new kind of discourse which caracterizes our post-modern [[society]]: the discourse of the [[capitalist]]. The position of the [[agent]], is occupied by the [[subject]] ('''S'''), who does not address the other, but the [[truth]] (this position is now occupied by the [[master signifier]] ([[Image:SS1.gif]]), the [[Market]]). Through the Market, the [[subject]] ('''S''') can ask the [[knowledge]] (''[[savoir]]''), ([[Image:SS2.gif]]), Science and [[Technology]] to produce [[objects]] to be consumed (''[[objet petit a]]''). This objects are made to never feed completely the [[subject's desire]].
This discourse is not part of the [[social]] bond [[theory]]. We notice that, in this discourse (contrary to the [[four discourses]]), an arrow hits the position of the truth. With the Discourse of the Capitalist, Lacan tried to account for a new kind of social bonds in which [[The Subject|the subject]] become more and more individualistic, egoistic. The Market is here the new Truth which cannot be contradicted.
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Algebra]]
* [[Analyst]]
* [[Communication]]
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* [[Hysteria]]
* [[Intersubjectivity]]
* [[Knowledge]]
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* [[Language]]
* [[Master]]
* [[Matheme]]
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* [[Science]]
* [[Speech]]
* [[Subject]]
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* [[Symbol]]
* [[Symptom]]
* [[Unconscious]]
{{Also}}
==References==
<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references /></div>
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Symbolic]]
[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
{{OK}}