Changes

[[Lacan]] reminds his readers that [[Freud]] defined the [[drive]] as a montage composed of four discontinuous elements, the pressure, the end, the object and the source.

[[Lacan]] identifies four partial drives: the oral drive, the anal drive, the scopic drive, and the invocatory drive.

Each of these drives is specified by a different [[partial object]] and a different erogenous zone.

The first two drives relate to [[demand]], whereas the second pair relate to [[desire]].

In 1957, in the context of the [[graph of desire]], [[Lacan]] proposes the formula ('''S''' <> D) as the [[matheme]] for the [[drive]].

This formula is to be read: the [[bar]]ed [[subject]] in relation to [[demand]], the fading of the [[subject]] before the insistence of a [[demand]] that persists without any [[conscious]] [[intention]] to sustain it.

Throughout the various reformulations of drive-theory in [[Freud]]'s work, one constant feature is a basic dualism.

He was thus led to reconceptualize the dualism of the [[drive]]s in terms of an opposition between the life drives (''Lebenstriebe'') and the [[death drive]]s (''Todostriebe'').

[[Lacan]] argues that it is important to retain [[Freud]]'s dualism, and rejects the monism of [[Jung]], who argued that all psychic forces could be reduced to one single concept of psychic energy.<ref>{{S1}} p.118-20</ref>

Thus, for [[Lacan]], all [[drive]]s are sexual drives, and every [[drive]] is a [[death drive]] since every [[drive]] is excessive, repetitive, and ultimately destructive.<ref>{{Ec}} p.848</ref>

The [[drive]]s are closely related to [[desire]]; both originate in the field of the [[subject]], as opposed to the genital drive, which (if it exists) finds its form on the side of the [[Other]].<ref>{{S11}} p.189</ref>

[[Desire]] is one and undivided, whereas the [[drive]]s are partial manifestations of [[desire]].