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{{TopTopp}}[[psychologie ]] du moi{{Bottom}}

<!-- [[Ego-psychology]] has been - since its development in the 1930s - the dominant [[school]] of [[psychoanalysis]] in the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]. -->==School==[[Ego-psychology]] is a [[school]] of [[Sigmund Freud|post-Freudian]] [[psychoanalysis]], derived from [[psychology|child psychology]], [[Freud]]'s [[topology|second topography]] and [[Anna Freud]]'s [[work ]] on the [[ego]] and its [[defence]]s. It is based on an elaboration of [[Freud]]'s [[structure|structural model]] of the [[mind]], which focuses almost entirely on the function of the [[ego]] in mediating between the conflicting [[demand]]s of the [[instinctual]] [[id]], the [[moralistic]] [[superego]] and [[external]] [[reality]].

Theorists of [[ego-Ego Psychology|Ego psychology]] elaborate on [[Freud]]'s [[structure|structural model]] of developed in the United States in the years following the Second [[mindWorld]], by focusing almost entirely War and focused on ways of strengthening the importance defence mechanisms of the function of [[egoconscious]] in mediating between mind rather than the conflicting [[demandunconscious]]s motivation of the [[instinctual]] [[id]]our actions, the [[moralistic]] [[superego]] and [[external]] [[reality]]as in classical psychoanalysis.

The principal theorists ==Treatment==In their view the [[analyst]]'s [[role]] was to become an ally of the 'healthy' [[ego]] forces in their [[struggle]] to dominate [[instinct]]s and [[drive]]s. It was said that the [[patient]], in [[order]] to strengthen his or her "[[autonomous ego]]", should [[identify]] with the [[ego]] of the [[psychoanalyst]]. Hence it was the [[analyst]]'s job to develop a powerful [[ego]].<!-- [[Heinz Hartmann]]'s ''[[Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation]]'' (1939) is regarded as the foundational [[text]] of [[ego-psychology]] are Heinz . [[Hartmann]] was convinced that the innate elements of a "conflict-free" sphere allow the [[ego]] to function autonomously and independently of [[mental]] conflict. According to [[Hartmann]], [[psychoanalytic]] treatment aims to expand the conflict-free sphere of ego functioning. By doing so, [[Hartmann]] believed, Rudolf Loewenstein [[psychoanalysis]] facilitates [[adaptation]], that is, more effective mutual regulation of [[ego]] and [[environment]]. [[Treatment]] tends to be based on the establishment of a therapeutic alliance in which the [[patient]] [[identifies]] with the strong [[ego]] of the [[analyst]]. -->

For much of his professional [[Heinz Hartmannlife]], [[Lacan]] disputed [[ego-psychology]]'s [[claim]] to be the [[true]] heir to the [[Freudian]] legacy, even though [[Lacan]]'s [[analyst]], [[Rudolph Loewenstein]], was one of [[ego-psychology]]'s founding fathers. <!-- After [[Lacan]] was expelled from the [[IPA]] in 1953, he was free to [[voice]] his criticisms of [[ego-psychology]] openly, and during the rest of his life he developed a theorist sustained and powerful critique. Much of [[Lacan]]ian [[theory]] cannot be properly [[understood]] without reference to the [[ideas]] of [[ego-psychology]] with which [[Lacan]] contrasts it. --><!-- His criticisms of [[ego-psychology]] are often intertwined with his criticisms of the [[IPA]] which was dominated by this [[particular]] [[school]] of [[thought]]. [[Lacan]] presents both [[ego-psychology]] and the [[IPA]] as the "antithesis" of true psychoanalysis.<ref>{{E}} p.l16</ref> [[Lacan]] argues that both were irremediably corrupted by the [[culture]] of the United States (see [[factor c]]). [[Lacan]]'s powerful critique has meant that few [[people]] now accept uncritically the claims of [[ego-psychology]] to identify itself as "classical psychoanalysis." -->

argued that the healthy ego includes a sphere of autonomous ego functions that are independent of mental conflict.  According to For [[HartmannLacan]], psychoanalytic treatment aims to expand the conflict-free sphere of ego functioning.  By doing so, [[Hartmannego]] believed, is the [[psychoanalysisenemy]] facilitates [[adaptation]], that is, more effective mutual regulation . The origin of the [[ego]] and is in the [[environmentmirror phase]].  The [[Treatmentmirror]] tends to be based on the establishment of a therapeutic alliance in which , held by the [[patientmother]] [[identifies]] with , proffers the strong developmentally half-formed and muscularly uncontrolled [[egochild]] its first idea of the [[analyst]]. itself as a [[Ego-psychologystable]] holds that the [[egounified]] has [[autonomous ego|autonomous energy and functions independentlyappearance]].    The principal theorists of [[ego-psychology]] are Heinz Hartmann, Rudolf Loewenstein and Ernst Kris; its main journal is the American-based ''Psychoanalytic Study of the Child'', published since 1945.  [[Lacan]]'s constituted by "[[analystalienating]], [[Rudolph Loewenstein]], was one of [[ego-psychologyidentification]]'s founding fathers".   ==History of Ego-Psychology==  and the trend became firmly established in [[Heinz HartmannLacan]]'s ''[[Ego Psychology and the Problem own conception of Adaptation]]'' (1939), which is now regarded as the foundational text of [[ego-psychology]]. [[Ego-psychology]] was taken suggests that it must be profoundly distrusted because it is unable to discriminate the [[United Statessubject]] by the Austrian analysts who emigrated there in the late 1930s, and since the early 1950s it has been the dominant school of 's own [[psychoanalysisdesire]] not only in s from the [[United Statesdesire]] but also in the whole s of the [[IPAothers]]. This position of dominance has enabled [[ego-psychology]] According to present itself as the inheritor of [[Freud]]ian [[psychoanalysis]] in its purist form, when in fact there are radical differences between some of its tenets and [[Freud]]'s work. The dominance   ==Jacques Lacan's Criticism== [[Lacan]]'s        For much of his professional life, [[Lacan]] disputed the [[ego-psychology]]'s claim to be the true heir to the Freudian legacy   After [[Lacan]] was expelled from the [[IPA]] in 1953, he was free to voice his criticisms of is not [[autonomous ego-psychology|autonomous]] openly, but subordinated and during the rest of his life he developed a sustained and powerful critique.  Much of [[Lacanalienation|alienated]]ian theory cannot be properly understood without reference to the ideas of people and [[ego-psychologyimage]] s with which [[Lacan]] contrasts it.  has [[Lacanidentification|identified]] challenged all the central concepts of during its [[ego-psychologydevelopment]], such as the concepts of . He thought that an [[adaptationanalysis]] and had failed if it ended with the [[autonomous egoanalysand]].  His criticisms of [[ego-psychologyidentification|identifying]] are often intertwined with his criticisms of the [[IPAanalyst]] which was dominated by this particular [[school]] of thought.  [[Lacan]] presents both [[ego-psychology]] and At the conclusion of [[IPAtherapy]] as , what should have disappeared is the "antithesis" armour of true psychoanalysis.<ref>{{E}} p.l16</ref> the [[Lacanego]] argues that both were irremediably corrupted by , the culture glass cage of the United States (see [[factor cnarcissistic]]).  [[Lacanillusion]]'s powerful critique has meant that few people now accept uncritically the claims of [[ego-psychology]] to identify itself as "classical psychoanalysis."