Difference between revisions of "End of analysis"

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==Various formulations==
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{{Top}}fin d'[[analyse]]{{Bottom}}
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[[Lacan]] conceives of the [[end of analysis]] in various ways.
 
  
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[[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] in various ways.
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==Sigmund Freud==
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In ''[[Analysis Terminable and Interminable]]'', [[Freud]] asks:
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<blockquote>"Is there such a [[thing]] as a [[natural]] end to an analysis?"<ref>{{F}} ''[[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|Analysis Terminable and Interminable]]'', 1937. [[SE]] XXIII p.219</ref></blockquote>
  
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:1. In the early 1950s, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as "the advent of a true [[speech]] and the realization by the [[subject]] of his [[history]]" -- that is, as coming to terms with one's own [[death|mortality]].<ref>{{E}} p.88</ref>
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==Jacques Lacan==
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[[Lacan]]'s answer is that [[psychoanalytic treatment]] is a [[progress|logical process]] with a beginning and an end-point, designated as the "[[end of analysis]]".
  
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:<blockquote>"The [[subject]] ... begins the analysis by speaking about himself without speaking to you, or by speaking to you without speaking about himself. When he can speak to you about himself, the analysis will be over."<ref>{{Ec}} p.373, n. 1</ref></blockquote>
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===Aim===
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The [[end of analysis|''end'' of analysis]] must be distinguished from the ''[[End of analysis|aim]]'' of [[psychoanalytic treatment]].
  
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:2. In 1960, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as a state of [[anxiety]] and [[anxiety|abandonment]] -- that is, as a state of [[helplessness]].
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The [[end of analysis|aim]] of [[treatment]] is to lead the [[analysand]] to articulate the '''[[truth]]''' [[about]] his or her [[desire]].  
  
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:3. In 1964, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as the point when the [[analysand]] "traverses the radical [[fantasy]]."<ref>{{S11}} p.273</ref>
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While not all [[treatment|analyses]] are carried through to their [[progress|conclusion]], any [[treatment|analysis]] -- however incomplete -- may be regarded as successful when it achieves this [[end of analysis|aim]].  
  
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:4. In the final decade of his teaching, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as an "[[identification]] with the ''[[sinthome]]''."
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The question of the [[end of analysis]] is therefore something more than whether a [[treatment|course]] of [[treatment|analytic treatment]] has or has not achieved its aim; it is a question of whether or not the [[treatment]] has reached its [[logical]] [[End of analysis|end-point]].
  
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===Definition===
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[[Lacan]] conceives of this [[End of analysis|end-point]] in various ways.
  
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:1. In the early 1950s, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as "the advent of a [[true]] [[speech]] and the realization by the [[subject]] of his [[history]]" -- that is, as coming to [[terms]] with one's own [[death|mortality]].<ref>{{E}} p. 88</ref>
  
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==Subjective Destitution==
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:<blockquote>"The [[subject]] ... begins the analysis by [[speaking]] about himself without speaking to you, or by speaking to you without speaking about himself. When he can [[speak]] to you about himself, the analysis will be over."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 373, n. 1</ref></blockquote>
  
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The [[end of analysis]] involves two fundamental changes in the respective subjective positions of  
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:2. In 1960, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as a [[state]] of [[anxiety]] and [[anxiety|abandonment]] -- that is, as a state of [[helplessness]].
  
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* the [[analysand]] -- the "[[subjective destitution]]" of the [[analysand]]
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:3. In 1964, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as the point when the [[analysand]] "traverses the radical [[fantasy]]."<ref>{{S11}} p. 273</ref>
  
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* the [[analyst]] -- the "[[loss of being]]" ([[Fr]]. ''[[désêtre]]'') of the [[analyst]]
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:4. In the final decade of his teaching, [[Lacan]] describes the [[end of analysis]] as an "[[identification]] with the ''[[sinthome]]''."
  
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The [[analyst]] is reduced -- from the position of the [[subject-supposed-to-know]] -- to a mere [[surplus]], a [[objet petit a]], the [[cause]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[desire]].
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====Position of Analysand and Analyst====
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In general, the [[end of analysis]] involves two fundamental changes in the respective [[discourse|subjective positions]] of  
  
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* the [[analysand]] -- the "[[subjective destitution]]" of the [[analysand]], and
  
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==Passage from Analysand to Analyst==
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* the [[analyst]] -- the "[[loss of being]]" ([[French]]: ''[[désêtre]]'') of the [[analyst]].
  
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For [[Lacan]], the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]] -- for all [[psychoanalysts]] must undergo [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end before being allowed to practice as [[analysts]].
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The [[analyst]] is reduced -- from the [[discourse|position]] of the [[subject-supposed-to-know]] -- to a mere [[surplus]], a [[objet petit a]], the [[cause]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[desire]].
  
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Since [[Lacan]] argues that all [[psychoanalysts]] should have experienced the process of [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end, the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]].  
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====Passage from Analysand to Analyst====
 +
For [[Lacan]], the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]] -- for all [[psychoanalysts]] must undergo [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end before [[being]] allowed to [[practice]] as [[analysts]].
  
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<blockquote>"The true termination of an analysis" is therefore no more and no less than that which "prepares you to become an analyst."<ref>{{S7}} p.303</ref></blockquote>
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Since [[Lacan]] argues that all [[psychoanalysts]] should have experienced the [[process]] of [[analytic treatment]] from beginning to end, the [[end of analysis]] is also the passage from [[analysand]] to [[analyst]].  
  
 +
<blockquote>"The true termination of an analysis" is therefore no more and no less than that which "prepares you to become an analyst."<ref>{{S7}} p. 303</ref></blockquote>
  
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===Misconceptions===
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====Identification with the Analyst====
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[[Lacan]] criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the [[end of analysis]] in terms of [[identification]] with the [[analyst]].
  
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For [[Lacan]], it is not only possible, but necessary to go beyond [[identification]], for otherwise it is not [[psychoanalysis]] but [[suggestion]] -- which is the antithesis of [[psychoanalysis]].
  
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==Beyond identification with the analyst==
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====Transference====
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[[Lacan]] also criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the [[end of analysis]] in terms of "liquidation" of the [[transference]].
  
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[[Lacan]] criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the [[end of analysis]] in terms of [[identification]] with the [[analyst]].
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For [[Lacan]], this erroneous view is based on a misunderstanding of [[transference]] -- as a kind of [[illusion]] which can be transcended -- which overlooks the [[symbolic]] [[nature]] of [[transference]] -- as an essential [[structure]] of [[speech]].
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For [[Lacan]], it is not only possible, but necessary to go beyond [[identification]], for otherwise it is not [[psychoanalysis]] but [[suggestion]] -- which is the antithesis of [[psychoanalysis]].
 
  
 +
Although [[analytic treatment]] does involve the [[resolution]] of the [[particular]] ''[[transference|transference relationship]]'' established with the [[analyst]], [[transference]] itself still subsists after the [[end of analysis]].
  
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====Other Misconceptions====
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The [[end of analysis]] does not involve:
  
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* the strengthening the [[ego]]
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* the [[adaptation]] to [[reality]]
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* the [[disappearance]] of the [[symptom]]
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* the [[cure]] of an underlying disease (e.g.''[[neurosis]]'')
  
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==Transference==
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For [[Lacan]], [[analysis]] is not essentially a [[treatment|therapeutic process]] but rather a [[search]] for [[truth]] -- and the [[truth]] is not always beneficial.<ref>{{S17}} p. 122</ref>
  
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[[Lacan]] also criticizes those [[psychoanalysts]] who describe the [[end of analysis]] in terms of "liquidation" of the [[transference]].
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==See Also==
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{{See}}
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* [[Analysand]]
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* [[Analyst]]
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* [[Fantasy]]
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* [[Sinthome]]
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||
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* [[Speech]]
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* [[Subject]]
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||
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* [[Symptom]]
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* [[Transference]]
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{{Also}}
  
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For [[Lacan]], this erroneous view is based on a misunderstanding of [[transference]] -- as a kind of illusion which can be transcended -- which overlooks the [[symbolic]] nature of [[transference]] -- as an essential [[structure]] of [[speech]].
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==References==
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<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
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<references/>
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</div>
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
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[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
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[[Category:Dictionary]]
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[[Category:Treatment]]
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[[Category:Concepts]]
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[[Category:Terms]]
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{{OK}}
  
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Although [[analytic treatment]] does involve the resolution of the particular ''[[transference|transference relationship]]'' established with the [[analyst]], [[transference]] itself still subsists after the [[end of analysis]].
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 06:33, 24 May 2019

French: [[fin d'analyse]]

Sigmund Freud

In Analysis Terminable and Interminable, Freud asks:

"Is there such a thing as a natural end to an analysis?"[1]

Jacques Lacan

Lacan's answer is that psychoanalytic treatment is a logical process with a beginning and an end-point, designated as the "end of analysis".

Aim

The end of analysis must be distinguished from the aim of psychoanalytic treatment.

The aim of treatment is to lead the analysand to articulate the truth about his or her desire.

While not all analyses are carried through to their conclusion, any analysis -- however incomplete -- may be regarded as successful when it achieves this aim.

The question of the end of analysis is therefore something more than whether a course of analytic treatment has or has not achieved its aim; it is a question of whether or not the treatment has reached its logical end-point.

Definition

Lacan conceives of this end-point in various ways.

1. In the early 1950s, Lacan describes the end of analysis as "the advent of a true speech and the realization by the subject of his history" -- that is, as coming to terms with one's own mortality.[2]

"The subject ... begins the analysis by speaking about himself without speaking to you, or by speaking to you without speaking about himself. When he can speak to you about himself, the analysis will be over."[3]

2. In 1960, Lacan describes the end of analysis as a state of anxiety and abandonment -- that is, as a state of helplessness.
3. In 1964, Lacan describes the end of analysis as the point when the analysand "traverses the radical fantasy."[4]
4. In the final decade of his teaching, Lacan describes the end of analysis as an "identification with the sinthome."

Position of Analysand and Analyst

In general, the end of analysis involves two fundamental changes in the respective subjective positions of

The analyst is reduced -- from the position of the subject-supposed-to-know -- to a mere surplus, a objet petit a, the cause of the analysand's desire.

Passage from Analysand to Analyst

For Lacan, the end of analysis is also the passage from analysand to analyst -- for all psychoanalysts must undergo analytic treatment from beginning to end before being allowed to practice as analysts.

Since Lacan argues that all psychoanalysts should have experienced the process of analytic treatment from beginning to end, the end of analysis is also the passage from analysand to analyst.

"The true termination of an analysis" is therefore no more and no less than that which "prepares you to become an analyst."[5]

Misconceptions

Identification with the Analyst

Lacan criticizes those psychoanalysts who describe the end of analysis in terms of identification with the analyst.

For Lacan, it is not only possible, but necessary to go beyond identification, for otherwise it is not psychoanalysis but suggestion -- which is the antithesis of psychoanalysis.

Transference

Lacan also criticizes those psychoanalysts who describe the end of analysis in terms of "liquidation" of the transference.

For Lacan, this erroneous view is based on a misunderstanding of transference -- as a kind of illusion which can be transcended -- which overlooks the symbolic nature of transference -- as an essential structure of speech.

Although analytic treatment does involve the resolution of the particular transference relationship established with the analyst, transference itself still subsists after the end of analysis.

Other Misconceptions

The end of analysis does not involve:

For Lacan, analysis is not essentially a therapeutic process but rather a search for truth -- and the truth is not always beneficial.[6]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Freud, Sigmund. Analysis Terminable and Interminable, 1937. SE XXIII p.219
  2. ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock Publications, 1977. p. 88
  3. ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p. 373, n. 1
  4. ↑ Lacan, Jacques. The Seminar. Book XI. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, 1964. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1977. p. 273
  5. ↑ Lacan, Jacques. The Seminar. Book VII. The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959-60. Trans. Dennis Porter. London: Routledge, 1992. p. 303
  6. ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Le Séminaire. Livre XVII. L'envers de la psychanalyse, 19669-70. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Paris: Seuil, 1991. p. 122


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