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[[Lacan]] asserts that [[ethics|ethical thought]] "is at the centre of our [[work ]] as [[analysts]],"<ref>{{S7}} p. 38</ref> and a [[whole ]] year of his [[seminar]] is devoted to discussing the articulation of [[ethics]] and [[psychoanalysis ]].<ref>Lacan{{L}} ''[[Seminar VI|Le Séminaire. Livre VI. L'éthique de la psychanalyse, 1959-60]]''. Ed. [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]. [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1986 [''[[Seminar VI|The Seminar. Book VI. The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959-60]]''. Trans. Dennis Porter. [[London]]: Routledge, 1992].</ref>

On the side of the [[analysand]] is the problem of [[guilt ]] and the pathogenic [[nature ]] of [[civilized]] [[morality]].

=====Civilized Morality=====In his earlier work, [[Freud]] posited a basic [[conflict ]] between the [[demand]]s of "[[ethics|civilized morality]]" and the essentially [[moral|amoral]] [[sexual]] [[drive]]s of the [[subject]].

When [[ethics|morality]] gains the upper hand in this conflict, and the [[drives ]] are too strong to be [[sublimation|sublimated]], [[sexuality]] is either expressed in [[perversion|perverse forms]] or [[repression|repressed]], the latter leading to [[neurosis]].

In [[Freud]]'s view, "[[ethics|civilized morality]]" is at the root of [[neurosis|nervous illness]].<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|'Civilized' Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness]]." 1908d. [[SE]] IX, 1908d179</ref>

=====Sense of Guilt==========Superego=====[[Freud]] further developed his [[ideas ]] on the pathogenic nature of [[ethics|morality]] in his [[theory ]] of an [[unconscious]] [[sense ]] of [[guilt]], [[superego]], an [[superego|interior moral agency ]] which becomes more cruel to the extent that the [[ego]] submits to its [[demand]]s (.<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Ego and the Id]]''. 1923b. [[SE]] XIX, 1923b3.</ref>).

=====Sense of Guilt=====

Certainly not by telling the [[analysand]] that he is not really [[guilty]], or by attempting "to soften, blunt or attenuate" his sense of [[guilt]],<ref>{{S7}} p.3</ref> or by [[treatment|analyzing ]] it away as a [[neurotic]] [[illusion]].

On the contrary, [[Lacan]] argues that the [[analyst]] must take the [[analysand]]'s sense of [[guilt ]] seriously, for at bottom whenever the [[analysand]] feels [[guilty ]] it is because he has, at some point, given way on his [[desire]].

Secondly, how is the [[analyst]] to respond to the [[ethics|pathogenic morality]] which [[acts ]] via the [[superego]]?

[[Freud]]'s views of [[ethics|morality]] as a pathogenic force might seem to imply that the [[analyst]] simply has to [[help ]] the [[analysand]] free himself from [[moral ]] constraints.

However, which such an [[interpretation]] may find some support in [[Freud]]'s earlier work,<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud |'Civilized' Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness]]." 1908d. [[SE]] IX, 179</ref> [[Lacan]] is firmly opposed to such a view of [[Freud]], preferring the more [[pessimistic ]] [[Freud]] of ''[[Civilization and Its Discontents]]''<ref>{{F}} 1930''[[Civilization and Its Discontents]]''. 1930a. [[SE]] XXI, 59.</ref> and [[stating ]] categorically that "Freud was in no way a progressive."<ref>{{S7}} p. 183</ref>

=====Moral DilemmaPsychoanalytic Treatment=====This seems to [[present ]] the [[analyst]] with a moral dilemma.

On the [[other ]] hand, nor can he simply adopt an opposing libertine approach, since this too remains within the field of [[morality]].<ref>{{S7}} p.3-4</ref>

The rule of [[neutrality ]] may seem to offer the analyst a way out of this dilemma, but in fact it does not, for [[Lacan]] points out that there is no such [[thing ]] as an [[ethics|ethically neutral position]].

"Have you acted in conformity with the desire that is in you?"<ref>{{S7}} p.314</ref> ==Traditional Ethics===Neutral Ethical Position===== (This system of rules attributes values to behaviors by judging them to be good or bad according to their intrinsic moral qualities or their concrete social consequences. ) An [[Lacan]] rejects the "traditional ethics|ethical position]] is implicit in every way of directing [[Aristotlepsychoanalytic treatment]], [[Kant]] and other [[moral]] [[philosophers]]. Traditional ethics revolves around the concept of the [[Good]].Traditional ethics whether this is concerned with admitted or not by the [[Sovereign Goodanalyst]].

The [[psychoanalyticethics|ethical position]] [[ethic]] sees of the [[Goodanalyst]] is an obstacle in most clearly revealed by the way that he formulates the path of [[desireend of analysis|goal of the treatment]].<ref>{{S7}} p. 207</ref>

In For example the formulations of [[ego-psychology]] [[about]] the [[psychoanalysisadaptation]], "'a radical repudiation of the [[ego]] to [[reality]] imply a certain ideal of the good is necessary[[ethics|normative ethics]]."<ref>{{S7}} p. 207</ref>

The It is in opposition to this [[psychoanalyticethics|ethical position]] that [[Lacan]] sets out to formulate his own [[ethics|analytic ethic]] rejects all ideals (of "happiness" and "health").<ref>{{S7}} p.219</ref>

=====Psychoanalytic Ethics=====The [[desire of the analystethics|analytic ethic]] that [[Lacan]] formulates is an [[ethics|ethic]] which relates [[act]] cannot therefore be the ion to [[desire]] to 'do good' or 'to cure'.<ref>{{S7}} p.218</ref>

Traditional He contrasts this [[ethics tends to link |ethic]] with the "[[ethics|traditional ethics]]"<ref>{{S7}} p. 314</ref> of [[Aristotle]], [[goodKant]] to and other [[pleasurephilosophy|moral philosophers]]on several grounds.

=====Traditional Ethics==========Good=====Firstly, [[Moralethics|traditional ethics]] revolves around the the [[concept]] of the [[ethics|Good]], proposing different "[[thoughtethics|goods]] has "developed along which all compete for the paths [[position]] of an essentially hedonistic problematic."<ref>{{S7}} pthe [[ethics|Sover­eign Good]].221</ref>

The [[ethics|psychoanalytic ethic]], however, cannot take such sees the [[ethics|Good]] as an approach because psychoanalytic experience has revealed obstacle in the duplicity path of pleasure[[desire]]; there is thus in [[psychoanalysis]] "a radical [[repudiation]] of a limit to pleasure and, when this certain [[ideal]] of the [[good]] is transgressed, pleasure becomes pain necessary."<ref>{{S7}} p. 230</ref>

==The Service [[ethics|psychoanalytic ethic]] rejects all ideals, including ideals of Goods=="[[happiness]]" and "health"; and the fact that [[ego-psychology]] has embraced these ideals bars it from claiming to be a [[form]] of [[psychoanalysis]].<ref>{{S7}} p. 219</ref>

Traditional ethics revolves around The [[desire of the analyst]] cannot therefore be the [[desire]] to "do good" or "to [[cure]]"the service of goods."<ref>{{S7}} p.314218</ref>

Traditional =====Pleasure=====Secondly, [[ethics|traditional ethics puts work and a safe, ordered ]] has always tended to link the [[ethics|good]] to [[pleasure]]; [[existenceethics|moral thought]] before questions has "developed along the paths of desire; it tells people to make their desires waitan essentially hedonistic problematic."<ref>{{S7}} p.315221</ref>

The [[ethics|psychoanalytic ethic]] forces , however, cannot take such an approach because [[treatment|psychoanalytic experience]] has revealed the duplicity of [[subjectpleasure principle|pleasure]]; there is a [[limit]] to confront the relation between his actions [[pleasure principle|pleasure]] and his , when this is transgressed, [[pleasure principle|pleasure]] becomes [desire[jouissance|pain]] in immediacy of the present.

==The Ethics ==="Service of PsychoanalysisGoods"=====An ethical position is implicit in every way Thirdly, [[ethics|traditional ethics]] revolves around "the service of directing goods"<ref>{{S7}} p. 314</ref> which puts work and a safe, ordered [[psychoanalytic treatmentexistence]]before questions of [[desire]]; it tells [[people]] to make their [[desire]]s wait.<ref>{{S7}} p.315</ref>

The ethical position of [[ethics|psychoanalytic ethic]], on the other hand, forces the [[analystsubject]] is most clearly revealed by the way that he formulates to confront the relation between his [[act]]ions and his [[desire]] in [[goaltime|immediacy]] of the [[treatmenttime|present]].<ref>{{S7}} p.207</ref>

For example the formulations of =====Psychoanalytic Theory=====After his 1959-60 [[ego-psychologyseminar]] about the on [[adaptationethics]] of the , [[egoLacan]] continues to locate [[realityethics|ethical questions]] imply a normative at the heart of [[ethicspsychoanalytic theory]].<ref>{{S7}} p.302</ref>

It is He [[interpretation|interprets]] the ''soll'' in opposition to this [[Freud]]'s famous phrase ''Wo es war, soll Ich werden'' ("Where id was, there ego shall be")<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis]]''. 1933a: [[SE]] XXII, 80</ref> as an [[ethics|ethical position duty]],<ref>{{E}} p. 128</ref> and argues that the status of the [[Lacanunconscious]] sets out to formulate his own is not [[analyticontological]] but [[ethicethical]].<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref>.

The =====Speech=====In the 1970s he shifts the emphasis of [[analyticethics|psychoanalytic ethics]] from the question of [[ethicact]] that ing ("Have you acted in accordance with your desire?") to the question of [[Lacanspeech]] formulates is ; it now becomes an [[ethics|ethic]] which relates of "[[actionspeaking]] to well" (''l'éthique du Bien-[[desiredire]]''.<ref>{{L}} 1973a: 65</ref>

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