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Ethics

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=====Jacques Lacan=====[[EthicsLacan]] asserts that [[ethics|ethical thought]] "is at the centre of our [[work]] as [[analysts]],"<ref>{{S7}} p. 38</ref> and a [[whole]] year of his [[seminar]] is devoted to discussing the articulation of [[ethics]] concerns human moral attitudes in general and[[psychoanalysis ]].<ref>{{L}} ''[[Seminar VI|Le Séminaire. Livre VI. L'éthique de la psychanalyse, more specifically1959-60]]''. Ed. [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]. [[Paris]]: Seuil, rules 1986 [''[[Seminar VI|The Seminar. Book VI. The Ethics of behavior and their justificationsPsychoanalysis, 1959-60]]''. Trans. Dennis Porter. [[London]]: Routledge, 1992]. </ref>
=====Psychoanalytic Treatment=====Simplifying matters somewhat, it could be said that [[Lacanethics|ethical problems]] asserts that converge in [[ethicalpsychoanalytic treatment]] from two sides: * the side of the [[thoughtanalysand]] "is at and * the center side of our work as analysts.<ref>{{S7}} pthe [[analyst]].38</ref>
=====The Analysand=====On the side of the [[Lacananalysand]] devotes a whole year is the problem of his seminar to a dicussion [[guilt]] and the pathogenic [[nature]] of [[ethicscivilized]] and [[psychoanalysismorality]].<ref>{{S}}</ref>
=====Civilized Morality=====In his earlier work, [[LacanFreud]] continues to locate ethical questions at posited a basic [[conflict]] between the heart [[demand]]s of "[[ethics|civilized morality]]" and the essentially [[moral|amoral]] [[sexual]] [[drive]]s of the [[psychoanalytic theorysubject]].
{ethical problems converge When [[ethics|morality]] gains the upper hand in psychoanalytic treatment from two sides: the side of the analysand this conflict, and the side of [[drives]] are too strong to be [[sublimation|sublimated]], [[sexuality]] is either expressed in [[perversion|perverse forms]] or [[repression|repressed]], the analystlatter leading to [[neurosis]].}
==The Analysand==On In [[Freud]]'s view, "[[ethics|civilized morality]]" is at the side root of the analysand is the problem [[neurosis|nervous illness]].<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of guilt Sigmund Freud|'Civilized' Sexual Morality and the pathogenic nature of civilised moralityModern Nervous Illness]]." 1908d. [[SE]] IX, 179</ref>
=====Sense of Guilt==========Superego=====[[Freud]] posited a basic conflict between further developed his [[ideas]] on the demands pathogenic nature of [[ethics|morality]] in his [[theory]] of "an [[civilizedunconscious]] [[moralitysense]] of [[guilt]], [[superego]]" and the essentially a, an [[superego|interior moralagency]] which becomes more cruel to the extent that the [[sexualego]] submits to its [[drivedemand]]s .<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Ego and the Id]]''. 1923b. [[subjectSE]]XIX, 3.</ref>).
(When =====The Analyst=====On the side of the [[analyst]] is the problem of how to deal with the [[ethics|pathogenic morality gains ]] and [[unconscious]] guilt of the upper hand in this conflict[[analysand]], and also with the drives are too strong to be sublimated, sexuality is either expressed whole range of [[ethics|ethical problems]] that may arise in perverse forms or repressed, the latter leading to neurosis[[psychoanalytic treatment]].)
For =====Sense of Guilt=====Firstly, how is the [[Freudanalyst]], "to respond to the [[civilizedanalysand]] 's sense of [[moralityguilt]]" is at the root of nervous illness.<ref>Freud, 1908d</ref>?
Freud further developed his ideas on Certainly not by telling the pathogenic nature of morality in [[analysand]] that he is not really [[guilty]], or by attempting "to soften, blunt or attenuate" his theory of an unconscious sense of [[guilt]], <ref>{{S7}} p. 3</ref> or by [[treatment|analyzing]] it away as a [[neurotic]] [[illusion]].
superegoOn the contrary, an interior moral agency which becomes more cruel to [[Lacan]] argues that the [[analyst]] must take the extent that [[analysand]]'s sense of [[guilt]] seriously, for at bottom whenever the ego submits to its demands (Freud[[analysand]] feels [[guilty]] it is because he has, at some point, 1923b)given way on his [[desire]].
whenever =====Superego=====Secondly, how is the [[analyst]] to respond to the analysand feels guilty it is because he has, at some point, given way on his desire. [[ethics|pathogenic morality]] which [[acts]] via the [[superego]]?
[[Freud]]'From an analytic point s views of view, [[ethics|morality]] as a pathogenic force might seem to imply that the only thing of which one can be guilty is of having given ground relative [[analyst]] simply has to one's desire' (S7, 319)[[help]] the [[analysand]] free himself from [[moral]] constraints.
The However, which such an [[analysandinterpretation]] presents may find some support in [[Freud]]'s earlier work,<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|'Civilized' Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness]]." 1908d. [[SE]] IX, 179</ref> [[Lacan]] is firmly opposed to such a view of [[Freud]], preferring the more [[pessimistic]] [[analystFreud]] with a sense of ''[[Civilization and Its Discontents]]''<ref>{{F}} ''[[guiltCivilization and Its Discontents]]''. 1930a. [[SE]] XXI, 59.</ref> and [[stating]] categorically that "Freud was in no way a progressive."<ref>{{S7}} p.183</ref>
==The Analyst==[[Psychoanalysis]], then, is not simply a libertine ethos.
(On the side of =====Psychoanalytic Treatment=====This seems to [[present]] the [[analyst is the problem of how to deal with the pathogenic morality and unconscious guilt of the analysand, and also ]] with the whole range of ethical problems that may arise in psychoanalytic treatmenta moral dilemma.)
(Certainly not by telling On the analysand that one hand, he cannot simply align himself with [[ethics|civilised morality]], since this [[ethics|morality]] is not really guilty, or by attempting 'to soften, blunt or attenuate' his sense of guilt (S7, 3), or by analysing it away as a neurotic illusion. Lacan argues that the analyst must take the analysand's sense of guilt seriouslypathogenic.)
How is On the [[analystother]] to respond to hand, nor can he simply adopt an opposing libertine approach, since this too remains within the [[analysand]]'s sense field of [[guiltmorality]]?.<ref>{{S7}} p. 3-4</ref>
The rule of [[neutrality]] may seem to offer the analysta way out of this dilemma, but in fact it does not, for [[Lacan]]'s task points out that there is to discover where the no such [[analysandthing]] has given way on his as an [[desireethics|ethically neutral position]].
SecondlyThe [[analyst]] cannot avoid, then, how is the analyst to respond having to the pathogenic morality which acts via the superego? face [[ethics|ethical questions]].
=====Neutral Ethical Position=====An [[ethics|ethical position]] is implicit in every way of directing [[psychoanalytic treatment]], whether this is admitted or not by the [[analyst simply has to help the analysand free himself from moral constraints]].
Psychoanalysis, then, The [[ethics|ethical position]] of the [[analyst]] is not simply a libertine ethosmost clearly revealed by the way that he formulates the [[end of analysis|goal of the treatment]].<ref>{{S7}} p. 207</ref>
pessimistic Freud For example the formulations of Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud, 1930a) and stating categorically that 'Freud was in no way [[ego-psychology]] [[about]] the [[adaptation]] of the [[ego]] to [[reality]] imply a progressive[[ethics|normative ethics]]."<ref>{{S7}} p.183207</ref>
This seems It is in opposition to present the analyst with a moral dilemmathis [[ethics|ethical position]] that [[Lacan]] sets out to formulate his own [[ethics|analytic ethic]].
On the one hand, he cannot simply align himself with civilised morality, since this morality =====Psychoanalytic Ethics=====The [[ethics|analytic ethic]] that [[Lacan]] formulates is pathogenican [[ethics|ethic]] which relates [[act]]ion to [[desire]].
On [[Lacan]] summarizes it in the other hand, nor can he simply adopt an opposing libertine approach, since this too remains within question "Have you acted in conformity with the field of morality.desire that is in you?"<ref>{{S7}} p.3-4)314</ref>.
The rule of neutrality may seem to offer He contrasts this [[ethics|ethic]] with the analyst a way out "[[ethics|traditional ethics]]"<ref>{{S7}} p. 314</ref> of this dilemma, but in fact it does not[[Aristotle]], for Lacan points out that there is no such thing as an ethically neutral position[[Kant]] and other [[philosophy|moral philosophers]] on several grounds.
The analyst cannot avoid=====Traditional Ethics==========Good=====Firstly, then[[ethics|traditional ethics]] revolves around the the [[concept]] of the [[ethics|Good]], having to face ethical questionsproposing different "[[ethics|goods]]" which all compete for the [[position]] of the [[ethics|Sover­eign Good]].
"Have you acted The [[ethics|psychoanalytic ethic]], however, sees the [[ethics|Good]] as an obstacle in conformity with the path of [[desire that ]]; thus in [[psychoanalysis]] "a radical [[repudiation]] of a certain [[ideal]] of the [[good]] is in you?necessary."<ref>{{S7}} p.314230</ref>
==Traditional Ethics==The [[ethics|psychoanalytic ethic]] rejects all ideals, including ideals of "[[happiness]]" and "health"; and the fact that [[ego-psychology]] has embraced these ideals bars it from claiming to be a [[form]] of [[psychoanalysis]].<ref>{{S7}} p. 219</ref>
(This system The [[desire of rules attributes values the analyst]] cannot therefore be the [[desire]] to behaviors by judging them to be "do good " or bad according "to their intrinsic moral qualities or their concrete social consequences[[cure]]".<ref>{{S7}} p. )218</ref>
=====Pleasure=====Secondly, [[Lacan]] rejects the "ethics|traditional ethics]] of has always tended to link the [[Aristotleethics|good]], to [[Kantpleasure]] and other ; [[ethics|moralthought]] [[philosophers]]has "developed along the paths of an essentially hedonistic problematic."<ref>{{S7}} p.221</ref>
Traditional The [[ethics revolves around |psychoanalytic ethic]], however, cannot take such an approach because [[treatment|psychoanalytic experience]] has revealed the concept duplicity of the [[Goodpleasure principle|pleasure]]; there is a [[limit]] to [[pleasure principle|pleasure]].Traditional ethics and, when this is concerned with the transgressed, [[pleasure principle|pleasure]] becomes [[Sovereign Goodjouissance|pain]].
The ====="Service of Goods"=====Thirdly, [[ethics|traditional ethics]] revolves around "the service of goods"<ref>{{S7}} p. 314</ref> which puts work and a safe, ordered [[psychoanalyticexistence]] before questions of [[ethicdesire]] sees the ; it tells [[Goodpeople]] is an obstacle in the path of to make their [[desire]]s wait.<ref>{{S7}} p.315</ref>
In The [[psychoanalysisethics|psychoanalytic ethic]], "'a radical repudiation of a certain ideal on the other hand, forces the [[subject]] to confront the relation between his [[act]]ions and his [[desire]] in [[time|immediacy]] of the good is necessary[[time|present]]."<ref></ref>
The =====Psychoanalytic Theory=====After his 1959-60 [[psychoanalyticseminar]] on [[ethics]], [[Lacan]] continues to locate [[ethicethics|ethical questions]] rejects all ideals (at the heart of "happiness" and "health").<ref>{{S7}} p[[psychoanalytic theory]].219</ref>
The He [[desire of the analystinterpretation|interprets]] cannot therefore be the ''soll'' in [[desireFreud]] to 'do goods famous phrase ''Wo es war, soll Ich werden'' ("Where id was, there ego shall be")<ref>{{F}} '' or [[Works of Sigmund Freud|New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis]]'to cure'.1933a: [[SE]] XXII, 80</ref> as an [[ethics|ethical duty]],<ref>{{S7E}} p.218128</ref>and argues that the status of the [[unconscious]] is not [[ontological]] but [[ethical]].<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref>.
==Pleasure===Speech=====In the 1970s he shifts the emphasis of [[ethics|psychoanalytic ethics]] from the question of [[act]]ing ("Have you acted in accordance with your desire?") to the question of [[speech]]; it now becomes an [[ethics|ethic]] of "[[speaking]] well" (''l'éthique du Bien-[[dire]]''.<ref>{{L}} 1973a: 65</ref>
Traditional ethics tends to link the [[good]] to [[pleasure]]. [[Moral]] [[thought]] has "developed along the paths of an essentially hedonistic problematic."<ref>{{S7}} p.221</ref> The psychoanalytic ethicHowever, however, cannot take such an approach because psychoanalytic experience has revealed the duplicity of pleasure; there is a limit to pleasure and, when this is transgressed, pleasure becomes pain  ==The Service of Goods== Traditional ethics revolves around "the service of goods."<ref>{{S7}} p.314</ref> Traditional ethics puts work and more a safe, ordered [[existencedifference]] before questions of desire; it tells people to make their desires wait.<ref>{{S7}} p.315</ref> The [[psychoanalytic ethic]] forces the [[subject]] to confront the relation between his actions and his [[desire]] in immediacy of the present. ==The Ethics of Psychoanalysis==An ethical position is implicit in every way of directing [[psychoanalytic treatment]]. The ethical position of the [[analyst]] is most clearly revealed by the way that he formulates the [[goal]] of the [[treatment]].<ref>{{S7}} p.207</ref>  For example the formulations of [[ego-psychology]] about the [[adaptation]] of the [[ego]] to [[reality]] imply a normative [[ethics]].<ref>{{S7}} p.302</ref>  It is in emphasis than an opposition to this ethical position that , since for [[Lacan]] sets out to formulate his own [[analytic]] [[ethicspeak]]. The [[analytic]] [[ethic]] that [[Lacan]] formulates well is in itself an [[ethic]] which relates [[actionact]] to [[desire]].  ==More==He interprets the soll in Freud's famous phrase Wo es war, soll Ich werden ('Where id was, there ego shall be', Freud, 1933a: SE XXII, 80) as an ethical duty (E, 128), and argues that the status of the unconscious is not ontological but ethical (Sll, 33).
==See Also==
{{See}}{{Also}}
==References==
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* 124-6, 162-4, and politics, 162-6, utilitarian, 132, Conversations</div>
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
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