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== {{Top}}père{{Bottom}}[[Image:Kida_f.gif|right|frame|[[Kid A In Alphabet Land]] ]]==Jacques Lacan=====History===From very early on in his [[Works of Jacques Lacan|work]], [[Lacan]] lays great importance on the [[role]] of the [[father]] in [[psychic structure]]. In his 1938 [[article on the family]], he attributes the importance of the [[Oedipus complex]] to the fact that it combines in the [[figure]] of the [[father]] two almost conflicting functions: the ''protective function'' and the ''prohibitive function''. He also points to the contemporary social decline in the [[paternal metaphor|paternal]] [[imago]] as the [[cause]] of current [[treatment|psychopathological]] peculiarities.<ref>{{1938}} p. 73</ref> The [[father]] continues to be a constant theme of [[Lacan]]'s [[work]] thereafter.

===Father as Third Term===[[Lacan]]'s emphasis on the importance of the [[father]] can be seen as a reaction against the tendency of [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]] and [[Image:Kida_f.gif object-relations theory]] to [[place]] the [[mother]]-[[child]] [[dual relation|right|framerelation]] at the heart of [[psychoanalytic theory]]'''Kid A .In Alphabet Land Fumigates Another Furious Foe - opposition to this tendency, [[Lacan]] continually stresses the role of the [[father]] as a [[third]] term who, by mediating the [[imaginary]] [[dual relation]] between the [[mother]] and the [[child]], saves the [[child]] from [[psychosis]] and makes possible an entry into [[social]] [[existence]]. The Ferocious Father!''[[father]] is thus more than a mere rival with whom the [[subject]] competes for for the [[mother]]'s [[love]]; he is the [[representative]] of the social order as such, and only by [[identifying]] with the [[father]] in the [[Oedipus complex]] can the [[subject]] gain entry into this [[order]]. The [[absence]] of the [[father]] is therefore an important factor in the aetiology of all [[treatment|psychopathological]] [[structures]].

Is That Your Penis Or Your Anus? ===Symbolic, Imaginary and Real===However, the [[father]] is not a simple [[concept]] but a [[complex]] one, one which begs the question of what exactly is meant by the term "[[father]]." It's Your Phallusis in order to answer this question that, from 1953 on, 'Cause You're A Phallacy[[Lacan]] stresses the importance of distinguishing between the [[symbolic]] [[father]], You Philandererthe [[imaginary]] [[father]] and the [[real]] [[father]].<! You Were Always Such A Mother-Fucker, But You Know That, Don't You- [[Lacan]] argues that the question "What is a father? Dad, You" forms the central theme which runs throughout [[Freud]]'re Dead!s entire work.<ref>{{S4}} p.204-5</ref> -->

==father (pËre)The Symbolic Father== The [[symbolic]] [[father]] is not a [[real]] [[being]] but a [[position]], a function, and hence is synonymous with the term "[[Name-of-the-Father|paternal function]]." This function is none [[other]] than that of imposing the [[law]] and regulating [[desire]] in the [[Oedipus complex]], of intervening in the [[imaginary]] [[dual relation]]ship between [[mother]] and [[child]] to introduce a necessary "[[symbolic|symbolic distance]]" between [[them]].<ref>{{S4}} p.161</ref>

From very early on <blockquote>"The [[true]] function of the Father... is fundamentally to unite (and not to set in his work, Lacan lays great importance on opposition) a desire and the role of Law."<ref>{{E}} p.321</ref></blockquote><!-- Although the [[symbolic]] [[father ]] is not an actual [[subject]] but a position in psychic structure. In his 1938 article on the family[[symbolic order]], he attributes the importance of the a [[oedipus complexsubject]] may nevertheless come to the fact that it combines in the figure occupy this position, by virtue of exercising the father two almost conflicting functions: the protective function and the prohibitive [[paternal function]]. He also points to the contemporary social decline in the paternal imago (clearly visible in the images of absent fathers and humiliated fathers) as the cause of current psychopathological peculiaritiesNobody can ever occupy this position completely.<ref>Lacan{{S4}} p.205, 1938: 73210, 219</ref> The However, the [[symbolic]] [[father continues to be ]] does not usually intervene by virtue of someone incarnating this function, but in a constant theme veiled fashion, for example by being mediated by the [[discourse]] of Lacan's work thereafterthe [[mother]].-->

Lacan's emphasis on The [[symbolic]] [[father]] is the fundamental element in the importance [[structure]] of the father can be seen as a reaction against [[symbolic order]]; what distinguishes the tendency [[symbolic order]] of Kleinian psychoanalysis and object-relations theory to place [[culture]] from the mother-child relation at [[imaginary order]] of [[nature]] is the heart inscription of a line of psychoanalytic theory[[male]] descendence. In opposition The [[symbolic]] [[father]] is also referred to this tendency, Lacan continually stresses as the role [[Name-of -the father as -Father]]. By [[structuring]] descendence into a third term whoseries of generations, by mediating the imaginary patrilineality introduces an [[dual relationorder]] between "whose structure is different from the [[mothernatural]] and the child, saves the child from psychosis and makes possible an entry into social existenceorder."<ref>{{S3}} p. 320</ref> The [[symbolic]] [[father ]] is thus more than a mere rival with whom also the [[dead]] [[father]], the subject competes for [[father]] of the mother's love; he [[primal horde]] who has been murdered by his own sons. It is the representative [[absence]] of the social order as such, and only by identifying with the [[symbolic]] [[father in ]] which characterizes the Oedipus complex can [[essence]] of the subject gain entry into this order[[psychotic]] [[structure]]. <!-- The absence [[presence]] of the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]] as a third term in the [[preoedipal phase|preoedipal]] [[imaginary|imaginary triangle]] indicates that the [[symbolic]] [[father ]] is already functioning at the [[preoedipal phase|preoedipal stage]]; behind the [[symbolic]] [[mother]], there is therefore an important factor in always the aetiology of all psychopathological structures[[symbolic]] [[father]].-->

However, the ==The Imaginary Father==The [[imaginary]] [[father ]] is not a simple concept but a complex onean [[imago]], one which begs the question composite of all the [[imaginary]] constructs that the [[subject]] builds up in [[fantasy]] around the figure of what exactly is meant by the term '[[father']]. Lacan argues that This [[imaginary]] [[construction]] often bears little [[relationship]] to the question 'What [[father]] as he is a fatherT forms the central theme which runs throughout Freud's entire workin [[reality]].<ref>{{S4}} p. 220</ref> The [[imaginary]] [[father]] can be construed as an ideal [[father]],<ref>{{S1}} p.156</ref><ref>{{E}} p.321</ref> or the opposite, 204-5as "the father who has fucked the kid up."<ref>{{S7}} p.308</ref> It <!-- In the former guise, the [[imaginary]] [[father]] is the prototype of [[God]]-[[figures]] in order to answer this question that[[religion]]s, an all-powerful protector. In the latter role, from 1953 the [[imaginary]] [[father]] is both the terrifying father of the [[primal horde]] who imposes the [[incest]] [[taboo]] onhis sons, Lacan stresses <ref>[[Freud]] 1912-3</ref> and the importance [[agent]] of distinguishing between [[privation]], the [[father]] whom the daughter blames for depriving her of the [[symbolic ]] [[phallus]], or its equivalent, a [[child]].<ref>{{S4}} p. 98</ref> In both guises, though, whether as the [[ideal]] [[father]] or as the [[father|cruel]] [[father|agent]] of [[privation]], the [[imaginary ]] [[father]] is seen as omnipotent.<ref>{{S4}} pp. 275-6</ref> -->[[Psychosis]] and [[perversion]] both involve, and in different ways, a reduction of the [[father|symbolic father]] to the real [[father|imaginary father:]].

==[[The symbolic father Real]] Father== ===Agent of Castration===The While [[Lacan]] is quite clear in defining what he means by the [[father|imaginary father]] and the [[father|symbolic father is not a real being but a position]], a function, and hence is synonymous with his remarks on the term 'paternal function[[father|real father]] are quite obscure.<ref>{{S4}} p. 220</ref> [[Lacan]]'. This function s only unequivocal formulation is none other than that the [[father|real father]] is the agent of imposing [[castration]], the LAW and regulating desire in one who performs the Oedipus complex, operation of intervening in the imaginary dual relationship between mother and child to introduce a necessary '[[symbolic distance' between them]] [[castration]].<ref>{{S17}} p.149</ref><ref>S4, 161{{S7}} p. 307</ref> <!-- ===Biological Father=== Apart from this, [[Lacan]] gives few other clues [[about]] what he means by the phrase. In 1960, he describes the [[father|real father]] as the one who 'effectively occupies'The true function of the Father . . . is fundamentally to unite (and not to set in opposition) a desire and [[mother]], the Law."Great Fucker",<ref>E, 321{{S7}} p.307</ref> Although and even goes on to say, in 1970, that the symbolic [[father|real father ]] is not an actual subject but a position in the symbolic orderspermatozoon, a subject may nevertheless come to occupy though he immediately qualifies this position, by virtue [[statement]] with the remark that nobody has ever [[thought]] of exercising himself as the paternal functionson of a spermatozoon. Nobody can ever occupy this position completely<ref>{{S17}} p.148</ref>S4On the basis of these comments, 205it seems possible to argue that the [[father|real father]] is the [[biological]] [[father]] of the [[subject]]. However, 210since a degree of uncertainty always surrounds the question of who the [[biological]] [[father]] really is ('"pater semper incertus est", 219while the [[mother]] is "certissima"'; </ref> However{{F}} 1909c. [[SE]] IX, 239<ref> it would be more precise to say that the [[subject|real father]] is the symbolic man who is said to be the [[subject]]'s [[biological]] [[father]]. The [[father|real father does not usually intervene by virtue ]] is thus an effect of someone incarnating this function[[language]], but and it is in a veiled fashionthis [[sense]] that the adjective [[real]] is to be [[understood]] here: the [[real]] of [[language]], for example by being mediated by rather than the discourse [[real]] of the mother[[biology]].<ref>see S4, 276{{S17}} p.147-8</ref> -->

===Intervention in the Oedipus Complex===The symbolic [[father|real father ]] plays a crucial role in the [[Oedipus complex]]; it is the fundamental element he who intervenes in the structure third '[[time]]' of the symbolic order; what distinguishes [[Oedipus complex]] as the symbolic order of culture from one who [[castrate]]s the imaginary order of nature is child (see [[castration complex]]). This [[intervention]] saves the inscription of a line of male descendence. By structuring descendence into a series of generations, patrilineality introduces an order 'whose structure is different child from the natural order."<ref>S3preceding [[anxiety]]; without it, 320</ref> The symbolic father is also the dead father, the father of the primal horde who has been murdered by his own sons.<ref>see Freud, 1912-13</ref> The child requires a [[phobia|phobic]] [[object]] as a [[symbolic father is also referred to as ]] [[substitute]] for the [[name of the absent]] [[father|real father]].<ref>Sl, 259</ref>

<!-- The presence intervention of the imaginary phallus [[father|real father]] as a third term agent of [[castration]] is not simply equivalent to his [[physical]] presence in the preoedipal imaginary triangle [[family]]. As the [[case]] of [[Little Hans]] indicates that ,<ref>{{F}} 1909c. [[SE]] IX, 239<ref> the symbolic [[father is already functioning at the preoedipal stage; behind the symbolic mother, there is always the symbolic |real father]] may be physically [[present]] and yet fail to intervene as agent of [[castration]]. The psychotic, however<ref>{{S4}} p. 212, does not even get this far; indeed221</ref> Conversely, it is the absence intervention of the symbolic [[father which characterises |real father]] may well be felt by the essence of [[child]] even when the psychotic structure (see [[foreclosurefather]] is physically [[absent]]).-->

==The imaginary fatherSee Also== The imaginary father is an imago, the composite of all the imaginary constructs that the subject builds up in fantasy around the figure of the father. This imaginary construction often bears little relationship to the father as he is in reality."<ref>S4, 220</ref> The imaginary father can be construed as an ideal father,<ref>Sl, 156; E, 321</ref> or the opposite, as 'the father who has fucked the kid up."<ref>S7, 308</ref> In the former guise, the imaginary father is the prototype of God-figures in religions, an all-powerful protector. In the latter role, the imaginary father is both the terrifying father of the primal horde who imposes the incest taboo on his sons,<ref>see Freud, 1912-13</ref> and the agent of {{See}}* [[privationCastration complex]], the father whom the daughter blames for depriving her of the symbolic phallus, or its equivalent, a child.<ref>S4, 98 see Figure 7 and S7, 307</ref> In both guises, though, whether as the ideal father or as the cruel agent of privation, the imaginary father is seen as omnipotent.<ref>S4, 275-6</ref> Psychosis and perversion both involve, in different ways, a reduction of the symbolic father to the imaginary father.* [[Dual relation]]==The real father== ||While Lacan is quite clear in defining what he means by the imaginary father and the symbolic father, his remarks on the real father are quite obscure.<ref>see, for example, S4, 220</ref>* [[Foreclosure]]Lacan's only unequivocal formulation is that the real father is the agent * [[Name-of castration, the one who performs the operation of symbolic castration.<ref>Sl7, 149; see Figure 7 and S7, 307</ref> Apart from this, Lacan gives few other clues about what he means by the phrase. In 1960, he describes the real father as the one who 'effectively occupies' the mother, the 'Great Fucker',<ref>S7, 307</ref> and even goes on to say, in 1970, that the real father is the spermatozoon, though he immediately qualifies this statement with the remark that nobody has ever thought of himself as the son of a spermatozoon.<ref>Sl7, 148</ref> On the basis of these comments, it seems possible to argue that the real father is the biological father of the subject. However, since a degree of uncertainty always surrounds the question of who the biological father really is ('"pater semper incertus est", while the mother is "certissima"'; <ref>Freud, 1909c: SE IX, 239<ref> it would be more precise to say that the real father is the man who is said to be the subject's biological father. The real father is thus an effect of language, and it is in this sense that the adjective real is to be understood here: the real of language, rather than -the real of biology.<ref>Sl7, 147-8</ref>Father]]||* [[Phallus]]The real father plays a crucial role in the Oedipus complex; it is he who intervenes in the third 'time' of the Oedipus complex as the one who castrates the child (see * [[castration complexSuperego]]). This intervention saves the child from the preceding anxiety; without it, the child requires a phobic object as a symbolic substitute for the absent real father. The intervention of the real father as agent of castration is not simply equivalent to his physical presence in the family. As the case of Little Hans indicates,<ref>Freud, 1909b</ref> the real father may be physically present and yet fail to intervene as agent of castration.<ref>S4, 212, 221</ref> Conversely, the intervention of the real father may well be felt by the child even when the father is physically absent.{{Also}}

{{OK}}[[Category:Development]][[Category:Kid A In Alphabet LandSymbolic]]{{Footer Kid AKIDA}}