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==The term 'Exclusion of the Father==As early as 1938 [[Lacan]] relates the origin of [[psychosis]] to an [[exclusion]] of the [[foreclosurefather]]' (from the [[Frenchfamily]]: ''[[forclusionstructure]]'', with the consequent reduction of the latter to [[Germanmother]]: ''-[[Verwerfungchild]]'') is used by [[dual|relation]]s.<ref>{{1938}} p. 49</ref> Later on in his [[Works of Jacques Lacan|work]], when [[Lacan]] to describe distinguishes between the [[psychicalreal]], [[imaginary]] and [[mechanismsymbolic]] [[father]], he specifies that triggers it is the [[absence]] of the [[symbolic]] [[father]] which is linked to [[psychosis]].

At this [[time]] [[Lacan]] proposes various ways of translating the term ''[[Foreclosure does |Verwerfung]]'' into [[French]], rendering it as ''rejet'', ''refus'' and ''retranchement''.<ref>{{S1}} p. 43; {{Ec}} p. 386</ref> It is not act on a signifier until 1956 that is already inscribed within [[Lacan]] proposes the chain of signifiers.Foreclosure rejects term ''[[foreclosure|forclusion]]'' (a term in use in the inscription of the signifier within French [[legal]] [[system]]; in [[English]], "[[foreclosure]]") as the chain best way of signifierstranslating ''[[foreclosure|Verwerfung]]'' into [[French]]. Foreclosure is thus antithetical to <iref>Bejahung{{S3}} p. 321</iref> (affirmation) It is this term that [[Lacan]] continues to use for the rest of his work.

==Name-of-the-Father==In 1954, when [[Lacan]] first turns to the [[Freud]]ian [[concept]] of ''[[Foreclosureforeclosure|Verwerfung]] '' in his [[search]] for a specific [[defence|mechanism]] for [[psychosis]], it is not clear exactly what is a repudiated; it can be [[psychicalcastration]] that is repudiated, or [[mechanismspeech]] which expels itself, or "the primordial [[signifiergenital]] (the plane".<ref>{{S1}} p. 53, 58</ref> [[phallusLacan]] or finds a solution to the problem at the end of 1957, when he proposes the idea that it is the [[Name-of-the-Father]]) from -- a [[fundamental signifier]] -- that is the [[symbolicobject]] of [[orderforeclosure]].from <ref>{{E}} p. 217</ref> In this way [[Lacan]] is able to combine in one [[formula]] both of the themes that had previously dominated his [[thinking]] on the [[causality]] of [[psychosis]] -- the [[absence]] of the [[father]] and the concept of ''[[symbolicforeclosure|Verwerfung]] universe ''. This formula remains at the heart of [[Lacan]]'s thinking on [[psychosis]] throughout the rest of his [[subjectWork of Jacques Lacan|work]].

"I will thus take <i>Verwerfung</i> to be [[foreclosure]] of the [[signifier]]. At the point at which ===Psychotic Structure===When the [[Name-of-the-Father]] is summoned—and we shall see how—a pure and simple [[foreclosed]] for a particular [[subject]], it leaves a [[hole may answer ]] in the [[Othersymbolic order]]which can never be filled; due the [[subject]] can then be said to the have a [[psychotic]] [[lackstructure]] , even if he shows none of the classical [[metaphorsign]]ic effect, this s of [[holepsychosis]] will give rise to a corresponding . Sooner or later, when the foreclosed [[holeName-of-the-Father]] reappears in the place of [[phallicreal]] , the [[significationsubject]].is unable to assimilate it, and the result of this "collision with the inassimilable signifier" is the "entry into psychosis"<ref>proper, characterised typically by the onset of [[Lacan, Jacqueshallucinations]]. ''and/or [[Écritsdelusions]]''. "On a Question Prior to any Possible Treatment of Psychosis." <ref>{{S3}} p.191321</ref>

==Hallucinations=Repression, Negation, Projection===The subject calls upon the Father to guarantee the law that situates both the subject and his desire in the Other, but encounter only a void. The [[foreclosureForeclosure]] of the is to be distinguished from [[Name-of-the-Fatherother]] gives rise to the operations such as [[fantasmaticrepression]] presence (present in the , [[Realnegation]]) of a malevolent , and [[authorityprojection]], suspected of having intrusive or criminal intentions, desiring to commit sexual abuse or homicide. Unlike a [[repressedForeclosure]] differs from [[signifierrepression]], a in that the [[foreclosed]] [[signifier|element]] is not absorbed into buried in the [[unconscious]] and therefore does not reappear in but expelled from the [[psycheunconscious]] in the form of a . [[neuroticRepression]] [[symptom]]. It returns, rather, in is the operation which constitutes [[realneurosis]], usually in the form of a [[hallucination]]. ==Psychosis==Lacan viewed the whereas [[foreclosure]] of the [[signifier]] as is the characteristic [[mechanism]] of operation which constitutes [[psychosis]].  Sigmund Freud had introduced the term along with negation (<i>Verneinung</i>) and repression (<i>Verdrängung</i>) as a defense mechanism.</p> ==Examples==Why does foreclosure come about?  One explanation is that the child has been exposed to a mother who has refused to recognize the law, either because it does not situate her in accordance with her desires, or because it compels her to separate herself from its product.  It may also happen that the real father reveals himself to be incapable of inscribing himself into a symbolic line-age, and consequently invalidates it (cf. Schreber's father in "Psycho-Analytic Notes on an Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia [Dementia Paranoides]," 1911c).

{{See}}* [[AutismAbsence]] * [[Castration complex]] * [[Parade of the signifierCause]]* [[Defence]]||* [[Delusion]]* [[Dual relation]]* [[Existence]]* [[Negation]] ||* [[DisavowalProjection]] * [[Infantile neurosisRepression]] * [[Law of the fatherSignifier]] * [[LinguisticsSpeech]] ||* [[NegativeStructure]] * [[NegationSubject]] * [[NeurosisSymbolic]]

# Freud, Sigmund. (1894a) Obsessions and phobias: Their psychical mechanism and their aetiology. SE, 3, 69-82.# ——. (1911c) Psycho-analytic notes on an autobiographical account of a case of paranoia (dementia paranoides). SE, 12, 1-82.# Lacan, Jacques. (2004). On a question prior to any possible treatment of psychosis.Écrits: A Selection (Bruce Fink, Trans.). New York: W. W. Norton. (Original work published 1955-56) [[Category:Terms]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:New]]</div>

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