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Gaze
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=====Jacques Lacan=====
[[Lacan]]'s first comments on the [[gaze]] appear in the first year of his [[seminar]], in reference to [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s [[phenomenology|phenomenological analysis]] of "[[gaze|the look]]."<ref>The fact that the English translators of [[Sartre]] and [[Lacan]] have used different terms obscures the fact that both use the same term in [[French]] - ''[[gaze|le regard]]''.</ref>
=====Jean-Paul Sartre=====
For [[Sartre]], the [[gaze]] is that which permits the [[subject]] to realize that the [[Other]] is also a [[subject]].
<blockquote>My fundamental connection with the Other-as-subject must be able to be referred back to my permanent possibility of ''being seen'' by the Other.<ref>[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]]. ''[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]]'', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, London, Methuen, 1958 [1943]. p. 256</ref></blockquote>
=====Subject=====
When the [[subject]] is surprised by the [[gaze]] of the [[Other]], the [[subject]] is reduced to shame.<ref>[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]]. ''[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]]'', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, London, Methuen, 1958 [1943]. p. 261</ref>
[[Lacan]] does not, at this point, develop his own concept of the [[gaze]], and seems to be in general agreemtn agreement with [[Sartre]''s views on the [[subject]].<ref>{{S1}} p. 215</ref>
[[Lacan]] is especially taken with [[Sartre]]'s view that the [[gaze] does not necessarily concern the organ of sight:
<blockquote>Of course what ''most often'' manifests a look is the convergence of two ocular globes in my direction. But the look will be given just as well on occasion when there is a rustlin go rustling of branches, or the sound of a footstep followed by silence, or the slight opening of a shutter, or a light movement of a curtain.<ref>[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]]. ''[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]]'', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, London, Methuen, 1958 [1943]. p. 257</ref></blockquote>
===New Concept of the Gaze==Object=====It is only in 1964, with the development of the concept of ''[[objet petit a]]'' as the casue [[cause]] of [[desire]], that [[Lacan ]] devlops his own theory of the [[gaze]], a theory which is quite distinct from [[Sartre]]'s.<ref>{{S11}}</ref>
Whereas Sartre had confalted conflated the [[gaze ]] with the [[gaze|act of looking]], [[Lacan ]] now separates the two; the [[gaze ]] becomes the [[object ]] of the [[gaze|act of looking]], or, to be more precise, the [[object ]] of the [[drive|scopic drive]].
The [[gaze ]] is therefore, in [[Lacan]]'s account, no longer on the side of the [[subject]]; it is the [[gaze ]] of the [[Other]].
=====The Gaze and The Eye=====And [[whereas Sartre ]] had conceived of an essential reciprocity between seing seeing the OTher [[Other]] and being-seen-by-him, [[Lacan ]] now conceives of an antinomic relation between the [[gaze ]] and the [[eye]]: the [[eye ]] which looks is that of the [[subject]], while the [[gaze ]] is on the side of the [[object]], and there is no coincidence between the two, since "You never look at me from the place at which I see you."<ref>{{S11}} p. 103</ref>
When the [[subject ]] looks at an [[object]], the [[object ]] is always already gazing back at the [[subjet]], but from apoitn point at which the [[subject ]] cannot see it.
This [[split ]] between the [[eye ]] and the [[gaze ]] is nothing other than the [[split|subjective division ]] itself, expressed in the field of vision.
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Desire]]
* [[Drive]]
* ''[[Objet petit a]]''
* [[Optical model]]
* [[Other]]
* [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]
* [[Split]]
* [[Subject]]
{{Also}}
==References==