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Gaze

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=====Jacques Lacan========Jean-Paul Sartre======[[Lacan]]'s first comments on the [[gaze]] appear in the first year of his [[seminar]], in reference to [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s [[phenomenology|phenomenological analysis]] of "[[gaze|the look]]."<ref>The fact that the [[English ]] translators of [[Sartre]] and [[Lacan]] have used different [[terms ]] obscures the fact that both use the same term in [[French]] - ''[[gaze|le regard]]''.</ref> For [[Sartre]], the [[gaze]] is that which permits the [[subject]] to realize that the [[Other]] is also a [[subject]].
For <blockquote>My fundamental connection with the Other-as-subject must be able to be referred back to my permanent possibility of ''[[Sartrebeing]], seen'' by the Other.<ref>[[gazeJean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]] is that which permits the . ''[[subjectJean-Paul Sartre|Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]] to realize that the '', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, [[OtherLondon]] is also a , Methuen, 1958 [[subject]1943].p. 256</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>My fundamental connection with ==Subject==When the Other-as-[[subject must be able to be referred back to my permanent possibility ]] is surprised by the [[gaze]] of ''being seen'' by the [[Other]], the [[subject]] is reduced to [[shame]].<ref>[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]]. ''[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]]'', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, London, Methuen, 1958 [1943]. p. 256261</ref> [[Lacan]] does not, at this point, develop his own [[concept]] of the [[gaze]], and seems to be in general agreement with [[Sartre]]'s views on the [[subject]].<ref>{{S1}} p. 215</blockquoteref> [[Lacan]] is especially taken with [[Sartre]]'s view that the [[gaze]] does not necessarily concern the [[organ]] of [[sight]]:
When <blockquote>Of course what ''most often'' manifests a look is the convergence of two ocular globes in my direction. But the [[subject]] look will be given just as well on occasion when there is surprised by a rustling of branches, or the [[gaze]] sound of the a footstep followed by [[Othersilence]], or the [[subject]] is reduced to shameslight opening of a shutter, or a light movement of a curtain.<ref>[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]]. ''[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]]'', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, London, Methuen, 1958 [1943]. p. 261257</ref></blockquote>
==Object==It is only in 1964, with the [[development]] of the concept of ''[[objet petit a]]'' as the [[cause]] of [[desire]], that [[Lacan]] does not, at this point, develop develops his own concept [[theory]] of the [[gaze]], and seems to be in general agreemtn with a theory which is quite distinct from [[Sartre]']'s views on the subject.<ref>{{S1S11}} p. 215</ref> Whereas [[Sartre]] had conflated the [[gaze]] with the [[gaze|act of looking]], [[Lacan]] now separates the two; the [[gaze]] becomes the [[object]] of the [[gaze|act of looking]], or, to be more precise, the [[object]] of the [[drive|scopic drive]]. The [[gaze]] is therefore, in [[Lacan]]'s account, no longer on the side of the [[subject]]; it is the [[gaze]] of the [[Other]].
==Split==And whereas [[Sartre]] had conceived of an essential reciprocity between seeing the [[Other]] and being-seen-by-him, [[Lacan]] now conceives of an antinomic relation between the [[gaze]] and the [[gaze|eye]]: the [[gaze|eye]] which looks is that of the [[subject]], while the [[gaze]] is on the side of the [[object]], and there is no coincidence between the two, since "You never look at me from the [[place]] at which I see you."<ref>{{S11}} p. 103</ref> When the [[subject]] looks at an [[object]], the [[object]] is especially taken with always already gazing back at the [[subject]], but from a point at which the [[subject]] cannot see it. This [[Sartresplit]]'s view that between the [[gaze|eye] does not necessarily concern ] and the organ [[gaze]] is [[nothing]] other than the [[split|subjective division]] itself, expressed in the field of sight:[[vision]].
<blockquote>Of course what ''most often'' manifests a look is ==Film Theory==The concept of the convergence of two ocular globes [[gaze]] was taken up by [[psychoanalytic]] [[art|film criticism]] in my direction. But the look will be given just as well on occasion when there is a rustlin go of branches1970s, or the sound of a footstep followed especially by silence[[feminist]] [[art|film critics]]. However, or the slight opening many of a shutter, or a light movement these critics have conflated [[Lacan]]'s concept of a curtain.<ref>the [[gaze]] with the [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]]. ''an concept of the [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Being gaze]] and Nothingness: An Essay other [[ideas]] on Phenomenological Ontologyvision such as [[Foucault]]'', transs account of [[Foucault|panopticism]]. Hazel E. Barnes, London, Methuen, 1958 Much of so-called "[[Lacan]]ian [[art|film theory]]" is thus the site of great [[1943conceptual]] confusion. p. 257</ref></blockquote>
=See Also==New Concept of the Gaze===It is only in 1964, with the development of the concept of {{See}}* [[Desire]]* [[Drive]]||* ''[[objet Objet petit a]]'' as the casue of desire, that Lacan devlops his own theory of the gaze, a theory which is quite distinct from Sartre's.<ref>{{S11}}</ref>* [[Optical model]]Whereas Sartre had confalted the gaze with the act of looking, Lacan now separates the two; the gaze becomes the object of the act of looking, or, to be more precise, the object of the scopic drive.|| The gaze is therefore, in Lacan's account, no longer on the side of the subject; it is the gaze of the * [[Other. And whereas Sartre had conceived of an essential reciprocity between seing the OTher and being-seen-by-him, Lacan now conceives of an antinomic relation between the gaze and the eye: the eye which looks is that of the subject, while the gaze is on the side of the object, and there is no coincidence between the two, since "You never look at me from the place at which I see you."<ref>{{S11}} p. 103</ref> When the subject looks at an object, the object is always already gazing back at the subjet, but from apoitn at which the subject cannot see it. This split between the eye and the gaze is nothing other than the subjective division itself, expressed in the field of vision. -- The concept of the gaze was waken up by psychoanalytic film criticism in the 1970s (e.g. MEtz. 1975), especially by feminist film critics. However, many of these critics have confalted Lacan's concept of the gaze with the Sartean concept of the gaze and other dieas on vision such as Foucault's account of panopticism. Much of so-called "Lacanian film theory" is thus the site of great conceptual confusion. ==See Also==]]
* [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]
||
* [[Split]]
* [[Subject]]
{{Also}}
=References=References<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Feminist theory]]
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