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=====Jacques Lacan===Jean-Paul Sartre==[[Lacan]]'s first comments on the [[gaze]] appear in the first year of his [[seminar]], in reference to [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s [[phenomenology|phenomenological analysis]] of "[[gaze|the look]]."<ref>The fact that the [[English ]] translators of [[Sartre]] and [[Lacan]] have used different [[terms ]] obscures the fact that both use the same term in [[French]] - ''[[gaze|le regard]]''.</ref> For [[Sartre]], the [[gaze]] is that which permits the [[subject]] to realize that the [[Other]] is also a [[subject]].

=====Jean<blockquote>My fundamental connection with the Other-as-Paul Sartre=====For subject must be able to be referred back to my permanent possibility of ''[[Sartrebeing]], seen'' by the Other.<ref>[[gazeJean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]] is that which permits the . ''[[subjectJean-Paul Sartre|Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]] to realize that the '', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, [[OtherLondon]] is also a , Methuen, 1958 [[subject]1943].p. 256</ref></blockquote>

<blockquote>My fundamental connection with ==Subject==When the Other-as-[[subject must be able to be referred back to my permanent possibility ]] is surprised by the [[gaze]] of ''being seen'' by the [[Other]], the [[subject]] is reduced to [[shame]].<ref>[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]]. ''[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]]'', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, London, Methuen, 1958 [1943]. p. 256261</ref> [[Lacan]] does not, at this point, develop his own [[concept]] of the [[gaze]], and seems to be in general agreement with [[Sartre]]'s views on the [[subject]].<ref>{{S1}} p. 215</blockquoteref> [[Lacan]] is especially taken with [[Sartre]]'s view that the [[gaze]] does not necessarily concern the [[organ]] of [[sight]]:

=====Subject=====When <blockquote>Of course what ''most often'' manifests a look is the convergence of two ocular globes in my direction. But the [[subject]] look will be given just as well on occasion when there is surprised by a rustling of branches, or the [[gaze]] sound of the a footstep followed by [[Othersilence]], or the [[subject]] is reduced to shameslight opening of a shutter, or a light movement of a curtain.<ref>[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]]. ''[[Jean-Paul Sartre|Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]]'', trans. Hazel E. Barnes, London, Methuen, 1958 [1943]. p. 261257</ref></blockquote>

==Object==It is only in 1964, with the [[development]] of the concept of ''[[objet petit a]]'' as the [[cause]] of [[desire]], that [[Lacan]] does not, at this point, develop develops his own concept [[theory]] of the [[gaze]], and seems to be in general agreement with a theory which is quite distinct from [[Sartre]']'s views on the [[subject]].<ref>{{S1S11}} p. 215</ref> Whereas [[Sartre]] had conflated the [[gaze]] with the [[gaze|act of looking]], [[Lacan]] now separates the two; the [[gaze]] becomes the [[object]] of the [[gaze|act of looking]], or, to be more precise, the [[object]] of the [[drive|scopic drive]]. The [[gaze]] is therefore, in [[Lacan]]'s account, no longer on the side of the [[subject]]; it is the [[gaze]] of the [[Other]].

==Split==And whereas [[Sartre]] had conceived of an essential reciprocity between seeing the [[Other]] and being-seen-by-him, [[Lacan]] now conceives of an antinomic relation between the [[gaze]] and the [[gaze|eye]]: the [[gaze|eye]] which looks is that of the [[subject]], while the [[gaze]] is on the side of the [[object]], and there is no coincidence between the two, since "You never look at me from the [[place]] at which I see you."<ref>{{S11}} p. 103</ref> When the [[subject]] looks at an [[object]], the [[object]] is especially taken with always already gazing back at the [[subject]], but from a point at which the [[subject]] cannot see it. This [[Sartresplit]]'s view that between the [[gaze|eye] does not necessarily concern ] and the organ [[gaze]] is [[nothing]] other than the [[split|subjective division]] itself, expressed in the field of sight:[[vision]].

<blockquote>Of course what ''most often'' manifests a look is ==Film Theory==The concept of the convergence of two ocular globes [[gaze]] was taken up by [[psychoanalytic]] [[art|film criticism]] in my direction. But the look will be given just as well on occasion when there is a rustling of branches1970s, or the sound of a footstep followed especially by silence[[feminist]] [[art|film critics]]. However, or the slight opening many of a shutter, or a light movement these critics have conflated [[Lacan]]'s concept of a curtain.<ref>the [[gaze]] with the [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre, Jean-Paul]]. ''an concept of the [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Being gaze]] and Nothingness: An Essay other [[ideas]] on Phenomenological Ontologyvision such as [[Foucault]]'', transs account of [[Foucault|panopticism]]. Hazel E. Barnes, London, Methuen, 1958 Much of so-called "[[Lacan]]ian [[art|film theory]]" is thus the site of great [[1943conceptual]] confusion. p. 257</ref></blockquote>

=====Object=====It is only in 1964, with the development of the concept of ''[[objet petit a]]'' as the [[cause]] of [[desire]], that [[Lacan]] devlops his own theory of the [[gaze]], a theory which is quite distinct from [[Sartre]]'s.<ref>{{S11}}</ref> Whereas Sartre had conflated the [[gaze]] with the [[gaze|act of looking]], [[Lacan]] now separates the two; the [[gaze]] becomes the [[object]] of the [[gaze|act of looking]], or, to be more precise, the [[object]] of the [[drive|scopic drive]]. The [[gaze]] is therefore, in [[Lacan]]'s account, no longer on the side of the [[subject]]; it is the [[gaze]] of the [[Other]]. =====The Gaze and The Eye=====And [[whereas Sartre]] had conceived of an essential reciprocity between seeing the [[Other]] and being-seen-by-him, [[Lacan]] now conceives of an antinomic relation between the [[gaze]] and the [[eye]]: the [[eye]] which looks is that of the [[subject]], while the [[gaze]] is on the side of the [[object]], and there is no coincidence between the two, since "You never look at me from the place at which I see you."<ref>{{S11}} p. 103</ref> When the [[subject]] looks at an [[object]], the [[object]] is always already gazing back at the [[subjet]], but from point at which the [[subject]] cannot see it. This [[split]] between the [[eye]] and the [[gaze]] is nothing other than the [[split|subjective division]] itself, expressed in the field of vision. =====Film Criticism=====The concept of the [[gaze]] was waken up by [[psychoanalytic]] [[film criticism]] in the 1970s, especially by [[feminist]] [[film criticism|film critics]]. However, many of these critics have conflated [[Lacan]]'s concept of the [[gaze]] with the [[Sarte]]an concept of the [[gaze]] and other ideas on vision such as [[Foucault]]'s account of [[Foucault|panopticism]]. Much of so-called "[[Lacan]]ian [[film theory]]" is thus the site of great conceptual confusion. ==See Also==

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