Difference between revisions of "Hallucination"

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==Psychiatric Definition==
 
==Psychiatric Definition==
[[Hallucination]]s are usually defined in [[psychiatry]] as "false perceptions," that is, perceptions which arise "in the absence of an appropriate external stimulus."<ref>American Psychiatric Association. 1987. p. 398</ref>
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[[Hallucination]]s are usually defined in [[psychiatry]] as "[[false]] perceptions," that is, perceptions which arise "in the absence of an appropriate [[external]] stimulus."<ref>American [[Psychiatric]] [[Association]]. 1987. p. 398</ref>
  
 
==Psychotic Hallucinations==
 
==Psychotic Hallucinations==
[[Lacan]] finds such definitions inadequate, since they ignore the dimension of [[meaning]] and [[signification]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.77; {{E}} p. 180</ref>
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[[Lacan]] finds such definitions inadequate, since they ignore the [[dimension]] of [[meaning]] and [[signification]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.77; {{E}} p. 180</ref>
  
[[Hallucination]]s are a typical phenomenon of [[psychosis]], and are usually auditory (hearing voices), but may also be visual, somatic, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory.
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[[Hallucination]]s are a typical phenomenon of [[psychosis]], and are usually auditory (hearing voices), but may also be [[visual]], somatic, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory.
  
 
==Operation of Foreclosure==
 
==Operation of Foreclosure==
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[[Foreclosure]] refers to the [[absence]] of the [[Name-of-the-Father]] from the [[symbolic|symbolic universe]] of the [[psychotic]] [[subject]].
 
[[Foreclosure]] refers to the [[absence]] of the [[Name-of-the-Father]] from the [[symbolic|symbolic universe]] of the [[psychotic]] [[subject]].
  
A [[hallucination]] is the return of this [[foreclosed]] [[signifier]] in the dimension of the [[real]]; "that which has not emerged into the light fo the symbolic appears in the real."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 388</ref>
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A [[hallucination]] is the [[return]] of this [[foreclosed]] [[signifier]] in the dimension of the [[real]]; "that which has not emerged into the light fo the [[symbolic]] appears in the real."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 388</ref>
  
This is not to be confused with [[projection]], which [[Lacan]] regards as a mechanism proper to [[neurosis]] rather than [[psychosis]].
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This is not to be confused with [[projection]], which [[Lacan]] regards as a [[mechanism]] proper to [[neurosis]] rather than [[psychosis]].
  
In this distinction, [[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]]'s analysis of [[Schreber]]'s [[hallucination]]s.
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In this [[distinction]], [[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]]'s [[analysis]] of [[Schreber]]'s [[hallucination]]s.
  
<blockquote>"It was incorrect to say that the perception which suppressed internally is projected outwards; the truth is rather, as we now see, that what was abolished internally returns from without.<ref>[[Freud|Freud, Sigmund]]. "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|Psycho-Analytic Notes on an Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia (Dementia Paranoides)]]," 1911c. [[SE]] XII. p. 71</ref></blockquote>
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<blockquote>"It was incorrect to say that the [[perception]] which suppressed internally is projected outwards; the [[truth]] is rather, as we now see, that what was abolished internally returns from without.<ref>[[Freud|Freud, Sigmund]]. "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|Psycho-Analytic Notes on an Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia (Dementia Paranoides)]]," 1911c. [[SE]] XII. p. 71</ref></blockquote>
  
 
==Structure of Desire==
 
==Structure of Desire==
While [[hallucination]]s are most commonly associated with [[psychosis]], there is another sense in which they play an important part in the [[structure]] of [[desire]] in all [[subject]]s.
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While [[hallucination]]s are most commonly associated with [[psychosis]], there is [[another]] [[sense]] in which they play an important part in the [[structure]] of [[desire]] in all [[subject]]s.
  
[[Freud]] argues that "[t]he first wishing seems to have been a hallucinatory cathecting of the memory of satisfaction."<ref>[[Freud|Freud, Sigmund]]. ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', 1900a. [[SE]] V. p. 598</ref>
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[[Freud]] argues that "[t]he first wishing seems to have been a hallucinatory cathecting of the [[memory]] of [[satisfaction]]."<ref>[[Freud|Freud, Sigmund]]. ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', 1900a. [[SE]] V. p. 598</ref>
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
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==References==
 
==References==
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Latest revision as of 23:09, 24 May 2019

French: hallucination

Psychiatric Definition

Hallucinations are usually defined in psychiatry as "false perceptions," that is, perceptions which arise "in the absence of an appropriate external stimulus."[1]

Psychotic Hallucinations

Lacan finds such definitions inadequate, since they ignore the dimension of meaning and signification.[2]

Hallucinations are a typical phenomenon of psychosis, and are usually auditory (hearing voices), but may also be visual, somatic, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory.

Operation of Foreclosure

Lacan argues that psychotic hallucinations are a consequence of the operation of foreclosure.

Foreclosure refers to the absence of the Name-of-the-Father from the symbolic universe of the psychotic subject.

A hallucination is the return of this foreclosed signifier in the dimension of the real; "that which has not emerged into the light fo the symbolic appears in the real."[3]

This is not to be confused with projection, which Lacan regards as a mechanism proper to neurosis rather than psychosis.

In this distinction, Lacan follows Freud's analysis of Schreber's hallucinations.

"It was incorrect to say that the perception which suppressed internally is projected outwards; the truth is rather, as we now see, that what was abolished internally returns from without.[4]

Structure of Desire

While hallucinations are most commonly associated with psychosis, there is another sense in which they play an important part in the structure of desire in all subjects.

Freud argues that "[t]he first wishing seems to have been a hallucinatory cathecting of the memory of satisfaction."[5]

See Also

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. 1987. p. 398
  2. Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p.77; Lacan, Jacques. Écrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock Publications, 1977. p. 180
  3. Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p. 388
  4. Freud, Sigmund. "Psycho-Analytic Notes on an Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia (Dementia Paranoides)," 1911c. SE XII. p. 71
  5. Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900a. SE V. p. 598