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Hysteria

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The symptomatic return of repressed childhood sexual trauma. The two main forms of hysteria are 1) conversion hysteria, in which the symptoms are manifested on the body (eg. psychosomatic illness); and 2) anxiety hysteria, in which one feels excessive anxiety because of an external object (eg. phobias).{{Top}}hystérie{{Bottom}}
Hysteria is a diagnostic label applied ==Definition==The nosographical [[category]] of [[hysteria]] dates back to a state of mindancient Greek [[medicine]], one which conceived of unmanageable fear or emotional excesses. The fear is often centered on it as a female disease caused by the womb wandering throughout the [[body part, most often on an imagined problem with that body part ]] (disease is a common complaintin Greek ''hysteron'' means womb). People who are "hysterical" often lose self-control due to the overwhelming fear.[edit]
HistoryThe term acquired an important [[place]] in [[psychiatry]] in the nineteenth century, especially in the [[work]] of Jean-Martin Charcot, under whom [[Freud]] studied in 1885-6.
The term originates with ==Sigmund Freud==It was in the Greek medical term, hysterikos. This referred to a supposed medical condition, peculiar to women, caused by disturbances course of treating [[hysterical]] [[patient]]s in the uterus, hystera in Greek. The term hysteria was coined by Hippocrates, who thought 1890s that [[Freud]] developed the cause [[psychoanalytical]] method of hysteria was irregular movement of blood from the uterus [[treatment]] ([[free association]], etc.) and began to [[form]] the brainmajor [[concepts]] of [[psychoanalytic theory]].
The same general definition, or under the name female hysteria, came into widespread use in the middle and late 19th century to describe what is today generally considered to be sexual dissatisfaction.[1[Freud]] Typical "treatment" was massage of the patient's genitalia by the physician and later vibrators or water sprays to cause orgasm.first properly [[psychoanalytic]] [[case]] [[1history]] By concerns the early 1900s the practice, and usage treatment of the terma hysterical woman known as "[[Dora]]."<ref>[[Freud|Freud, had fallen from use, until it was again popularised when the writings Sigmund]]. "[[Works of Sigmund Freud became known and influential in Britain and the USA in the 1920s. The Freudian psychoanalytic school |Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of psychology uses its ownHysteria]]", somewhat controversial1905e. [1901]. [[SE]] VII, ways to treat hysteria3.</ref>
==Symptomatology==The knowledge classic [[symptom]]atology of hysterical processes was advanced by the work of Jean-Martin Charcot[[hysteria]] involves [[physical]] [[symptoms]] such as local paralyses, a French neurologist. Howeverpains and anaesthesias, many now consider hysteria to for which no [[organic]] [[cause]] can be a 'legacy diagnosis' (i.e.: a catch-all junk diagnosis)found,and which are articulated around an "[[imaginary]] [[2autonomy]] particularly due " which bears no relation to its long list the [[real]] [[structure]] of possible manifestations: one Victorian physician catalogued 75 pages the nervous [[system]]<ref>{{L}} 1951b. "[[Works of possible symptoms of hysteria and called Jacques Lacan|Some Reflections on the list incompleteEgo]]," ''Int.J. [[Psycho]]-[[3Anal]].'', vol. 34, 1953. p. 13</ref>.
A form of However, although [[neurosisLacan]] for which no physical diagnosis can be found and in which does discuss the symptoms presented are expressive [[symptom]]atology of an unconscious conflict. In conversion [[hysteria]], linking it to the symptoms usually take a somatic form (hysterical paralysis, irritation [[imago]] of the throat[[fragmented body]], coughs); in anxiety <ref>{{E}} p. 5</ref> he comes to define [[hysteria or phobia, the cause ]] not as a set of the anxiety is a particular external object. Hysteria has been explained in many different ways over the centuries; the most influential aetiology or causal explanation to have been put forward in the twentieth century is that supplied by [[Freudsymptom]]'s but as a [[psychoanalysisstructure]].
Freud's initial thesis (1896) was This means that a [[subject]] may well exhibit none of the so-called typical [[bodily]] [[seduction theorysymptom]] which held that s of [[hysteria ]] and other neuroses originate in an experience of actual sexual abuse that has been repressed, but which can yet still be recovered. Freud initially used hypnosis to recover these memories, but abandoned it in favor of what Anna O. so felicitously termed the diagnosed as a [[talking curehysteric]]. Freud subsequently revised his original seduction theory in the course of by a long correspondence with his collaborator Fliess and argued that hysteria stemmed from unconscious fantasies about incest that were bound up with [[oedipus complexLacan]]ian [[analyst]], though he never denied either the existence or the pathogenic effects of real abuse.
==Neurosis==
Like [[Freud]], [[Lacan]] regards [[hysteria]] as one of the two main forms of [[neurosis]], the other [[being]] [[obsessional neurosis]].
 
In the [[seminar]] of 1955-6 [[Lacan]] develops the [[idea]] that the [[structure]] of [[neurosis]] is that of a question, and that what differentiates [[hysteria]] from [[obsessional neurosis]] is the [[nature]] of this question.
 
Whereas [[obsessional neurosis]] concerns the question of the [[subject]]'s [[existence]], [[hysteria]] concerns the question of the [[subject]]'s [[sexual position]].
 
This question may be phrased "Am I a [[man]] or a [[woman]]?" or, more precisely, "What is a [[woman]]?"<ref>{{S3}} p.170-5</ref>
 
This is [[true]] for both [[male]] and [[female]] [[hysterics]].<ref>{{S3}} p.178</ref>
 
==Femininity==
[[Lacan]] thus reaffirms the ancient view that there is an intimate connection between [[hysteria]] and [[femininity]].
 
Indeed, most [[hysterics]] are [[women]], just as most [[obsessional neurotics]] are [[men]].
 
==Structure==
The [[structure]] of [[desire]], as [[desire]] of the [[Other]], is shown more clearly in [[hysteria]] than in any other [[clinical structure]]; the [[hysteric]] is precisely someone who appropriates [[another]]'s [[desire]] by [[identifying]] with [[them]].
 
==Dora Case==
For example, [[Dora]] [[identifies]] with Herr K, taking as her own the [[desire]] which she perceives him to have for Frau K.<ref>{{S4}} p. 138</ref>
 
However, as the case of [[Dora]] also shows, the [[hysteric]] only sustains the [[desire]] of the [[Other]] on condition that she is not the [[object]] of that [[desire]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.222</ref>
 
She cannot bear to be taken as the [[object]] of [[desire]] because that would revive the wound of [[privation]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 84</ref>
 
==Treatment==
It is this privileged relation between the [[structure]] of [[desire]] and the [[structure]] of [[hysteria]] which explains why [[Lacan]] devotes so much attention to this [[clinic]]al [[structure]], and why he develops the idea in the 1970s that it is necessary, in [[psychoanalytic treatment]], to "[[hysteria|hystericize]]" the [[analysand]].
 
==Discourse of the Hysteric==
[[Hysteria]], as a [[clinic]]al [[structure]], must be distinguished from [[Lacan]]s [[concept]] of the [[discourse]] of the [[hysteric]], which designates a [[particular]] form of [[discourse|social bond]].
 
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Analyst]]
* [[Desire]]
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* [[Discourse]]
* [[Neurosis]]
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* [[Obsessional neurosis]]
* [[Other]]
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* [[Structure]]
* [[Symptom]]
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* [[Treatment]]
* [[Woman]]
{{Also}}
== References ==
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[[Category:Sigmund FreudDictionary]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:NeurosisSexuality]][[Category:Freudian PsychologyPractice]][[Category:Treatment]]{{OK}} __NOTOC__
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