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| [[French]]: ''[[imaginaire]]''
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| [[German]]: ''[[Imaginäre{{Bottom}}==Jacques Lacan==In the [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]] of [[Jacques Lacan]], the [[real]], the [[symbolic]], and the [[imaginary]]''are a central [[order|set of references]]. The [[imaginary]] is the [[order|field]] of the [[ego]].<!--In the [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|}work]] of [[Jacques Lacan]], the [[real]], the [[symbolic]], and the [[imaginary]] are a central [[order|set of references]]. The [[imaginary]] is the [[order|field]] of the [[ego]].--><!--=====History=====[[Lacan]]'s use of the term "[[imaginary]]" as a substantive dates back to [[{{Y}}|1936]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 81</ref> The term relates to the [[dual relation]] between the [[ego]] and the [[specular image]]. From [[{{Y}}|1953]] on, the [[imaginary]] is becomes one of the [[order|three orders]] which constitute the [[order|tripartite scheme]] at the center of [[Lacan]]ian [[thought]], being opposed to the [[symbolic]] and the [[real]]. --><!--It took Lacan twenty years to restore the imaginary to its [[full]] [[place]] alongside the real and [[the symbolic]], which he did within the topic of the Borromean [[knot]] (a set of [[three]] interlinked rings that come apart if any one is removed).--><!-- In his 1936 essay "Au-delà du 'principe de réalité"' (Beyond the [[reality]] [[principle]]), Lacan noted that [[Freud]] discovered a [[meaning]] in [[patients]]' complaints that [[other]] physicians considered imaginary and thus [[illusory]]. In his first [[reading]] of Freud's [[work]], Lacan emphasized the [[notion]] of the image by highlighting its function: reflecting the subject's discrete behaviors in [[unified]] [[images]]. In the [[mirror]] [[stage]], the subject [[identifies]] with these images and develops an ego [[concept]] in relation to [[another]]. -->=====Ego=====The [[imaginary|imaginary order]] is based on the [[formation]] of the [[ego]] in the [[mirror stage]] by [[identification]] with the [[counterpart]] (or [[specular image]]). The [[dual relation]] between the [[ego]] and the [[counterpart]] is characterized by [[alienation]] and [[narcissism]].<!-- The [[imaginary|imaginary order]] is based on the [[mirror stage]], whereby the [[ego]] is constituted by [[identification]] with the [[other|little other]]. The [[ego]] is [[formation|formed]] by [[identification|identifying]] with the [[counterpart]] or [[specular image]]. Thus, [[identification]] is an important aspect of the [[imaginary|imaginary order]]. The [[ego]] and the [[counterpart]] [[form]] the prototypical [[dual relation]]ship, and are interchangeable. identification is essential to the structureof the imaginary [[order]] and to the [[development]] of the humanego.</i> The basis of the [[imaginary|imaginary order]] is the [[mirror stage]], in which the [[subject]] [[identification|identifies]] with its [[counterpart]] or [[specular image] and develops an ego concept in relation to another. ((Since the [[ego]] is formed by [[identifying]] with the [[counterpart]] or [[specular image]], [[identification]] is an important aspect of the [[imaginary|imaginary order]]. ))--><!--This relationship whereby the [[ego]] is constituted by [[identification]] with the [[existenceother|little other]] means that the [[ego]], and the [[imaginary|imaginary order]] itself, are both sites of a radical [[alienation]]; "Alienation is constitutive of the imaginary order."<ref>{{S3}} p. 146</ref> The [[dual relation]]ship between the others being [[ego]] and the [[symboliccounterpart]] is fundamentally [[narcissistic]] , and [[narcissism]] is another characteristic of the [[realimaginary|imaginary order]]. [[Narcissism]] is always accompanied by a certain [[aggressivity]].-->
=====Image=====
The [[imaginary]] is the realm of [[image]] and [[imagination]], [[truth|deception]] and [[lure]]. The principal illusions of the [[imaginary]] are those of [[gestalt|wholeness]], [[dialectic|synthesis]], [[autonomous ego|autonomy]], [[dual relation|duality]] and, above all, [[counterpart|similarity]].
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The [[imaginary]] exerts a [[captation|captivating power]] over the [[subject]], founded in the almost hypnotic effect of the [[specular image]]. The [[imaginary]] is thus rooted in [[subject]]'s [[relationship]] to his own [[body]] (or rather to the [[image]] of his body). This [[captation|captivating/capturing power]] is both [[seductive]] (the [[imaginary]] is manifested above all on the [[sexual]] plane, in such forms as sexual display and courtship [[rituals]])<ref>{{L}} "[[Situation de la psychanalyse et formation du psychanalyste en 1956]]." ''[[Écrits]]''. [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1966 [1956b]: 272</ref> and disabling: it imprisons the [[subject]] in series of static fixations.
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=====Psychology=====
The [[imaginary]] is the [[dimension]] of the [[human]] [[subject]] which is most closely linked to [[animal]] [[psychology]], yet it is [[structure]]d by the [[symbolic]], and this means that "in man, the imaginary relation has deviated [from the realm of nature]."<ref>{{S2}} p. 210</ref>
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the [[imaginary]] represents the closest point of contact between [[human]] [[subjectivity]] and [[animal]] [[ethology]],<ref>{{S2}} p. 166</ref> it is not simply identical; the [[imaginary|imaginary order]] in [[human]] [[being]]s is [[structure]]d by the [[symbolic]], and this means that "in man, the imaginary relation has deviated [from the realm of nature]."<ref>{{S2}} p. 210</ref>
All attempts to explain [[human]] [[subjectivity]] in [[terms]] of [[animal]] [[psychology]] are thus limited to the [[imaginary]]. Although the [[imaginary]] represents the closest point of contact between [[human]] [[subjectivity]] and [[animal]] [[ethology]],<ref>{{S2}} p. 166</ref> it is not simply identical; the [[imaginary|imaginary order]] in [[human]] [[being]]s is [[structure]]d by the [[symbolic]], and this means that "in man, the imaginary relation has deviated [from the realm of nature]."<ref>{{S2}} p. 210</ref>
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=====Criticism=====
[[Lacan]] accused the major [[school|psychoanalytic schools]] of reducing [[psychoanalysis]] to the [[imaginary|imaginary order]].
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[[Lacan]] accused the major [[school|psychoanalytic schools]] of his day of reducing [[psychoanalysis]] to the [[imaginary|imaginary order]]: these [[psychoanalysts]] made [[identification]] with the [[analyst]] into the [[goal]] of [[treatment|analysis]], and reduced [[treatment|analysis]] to a [[dual relation]]ship.<ref>{{E}} p. 246-7</ref> [[Lacan]] sees this as a [[complete]] [[betrayal]] of [[psychoanalysis]], a deviation which can only eveer succeed in increasing the [[alienation]] of the [[subject]].
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==References==
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[[Category:Imaginary]]
[[Category:Development]]
