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==Jacques Lacan===Sigmund Freud==Excommunication===The After resigning from the [[International PsychoIPA]]-Analytical Associationaffiliated [[Société Psychanalytique de Paris]] ([[SPP]]) in 1953, to join the newly founded [[Société Française de Psychanalyse]] ([[IPASFP]]) , [[Lacan]] was founded informed by [[Freudletter]] in 1910 as an umbrella group for that this also meant that he was no longer a member of the various [[schools|psychoanalytic societiesIPA]] that were springing up around the world at that time.

The first headquarters were in ZurichFrom that [[moment]] on until his [[death]], [[Lacan]] and later moved the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] were at loggerheads. During the [[SFP]]'s subsequent campaign for [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] member­ship (which [[Lacan]] seems to London, but have supported) [[Lacan]] was regarded by the [[International Psycho-Analytical AssociationAssociationAssociation|IPA]] has been dominated by its American members ever since as the 1930sprincipal obstacle blocking negotiations. The main bone of contention was [[Lacan]]'s use of [[treatment|sessions of variable duration]], when most of the Viennese analysts emigrated which he continued to the United Statespractise despite repeated [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] admonitions.

=====Jacques In [[{{Y}}|1963]] [[Lacan==========Excommunication=====After resigning ]] was expelled from the [[IPA]]. Eventually, in 1963, the [[International Psycho-affiliated Analytical Association|IPA]] agreed to grant membership to the [[SFP]] on condition that [[Lacan]] be stripped of his status as a [[Société Psychanalytique de Paristraining|training analyst]] (. Many of the leading [[SPPanalysts]]) in 1953the [[SFP]] agreed, but to join the newly founded many [[Société Française de Psychanalyseothers]] (including [[SFPLacan]]), this was unacceptable. [[Lacan]] was informed resigned from the [[SFP]] and, followed by letter that a [[number]] of [[other]] analysts and [[trainees]], founded his own [[school]] in 1964. From this also meant that he was no longer a member point on, [[Lacan]] became much more vocal in his criticism of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], accusing it of [[being]] a kind of [[religion|church]] and comparing his own fate to [[Spinoza]]'s "[[International Psycho-Analytical Association|excommunication]]" from the synagogue. <ref>{{S11}} p. 3-4</ref>

=====Société Française de Psychanalyse==========Excommunication==Lacan's Criticism===From that moment on until his death, [[Lacan]] criticized both the [[structure|institutional structure]] and the dominant [[theoretical]] tendencies of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] were at loggerheads.

During ====Institutional Level====As regards the [[SFPstructure|institutional structure]]'s subsequent campaign for , he accused its bureaucratic procedures of producing [[IPAnothing]] member­ship (which [[Lacan]] seems to have supported) [[Lacan]] was regarded by the [[IPA]] as the principal obstacle blocking negotiationsbut mediocrities, and mocked its stuffy hierarchies.<ref>{{Ec}} p. 474-86</ref>

=====Structure=====[[Lacan]] argued that [[Freud]] had organised the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] in such a way because this was the only way of assuring that his theories, misunderstood by all his first followers, would remain intact for someone else ([[Lacan]]) to disinter and resuscitate later on. The main bone of contention [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], in other [[words]], was like a tomb whose only function was to preserve [[LacanFreud]]'s use [[doctrine]] despite the [[ignorance]] of the members of the [[association]], the implication being that once [[Lacan]] had breathed new [treatment|sessions of variable duration[life]]into the doctrine, which he continued to practise despite repeated the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] admonitionsno longer had any valid function at all.<ref>{{L}} "[[Situation de la psychanalyse et formation du psychanalyste en 1956]]." 1956a. ''[[Écrits]]''. [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1966: 459-91. </ref>

Eventually, in 1963, =====Training=====Even more important than this were [[Lacan]]'s criticisms of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] agreed to grant membership to [[training|training programme]], which he accused of ignoring [[Freud]]'s emphasis on the [[SFPneed]] on condition that for instruction in [[literary]] and [[Lacancultural]] be stripped of his status as a studies,<ref>{{Ec}} p. 473</ref>, and for reducing the [[training|training analystanalysis]] to a mere [[ritual]].

Many of =====School=====The [[school|specific organisational structures]] on which [[Lacan]] organized his own [[school]], such as the leading analysts in [[cartel]] and the [[SFPpass]] agreed, but to many others (including were aimed at ensuring that this [[school]] did not [[repeat]] these errors of the [[LacanInternational Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]]) this was unacceptable.

====Theoretical Level====On a theoretical level, [[Lacan]] resigned from levelled various criticisms at all the main theoretical tendencies in the [[SFPInternational Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] and, followed by a number of other analysts including [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]] and trainees, founded his own [[school[object]] in 1964. From this point on, -relations [[Lacantheory]]]] became much more vocal in , but his criticism of most sustained and profound criticisms were reserved for the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPAschool]], accusing it of being a kind of [[religion|churchego-psychology]] and comparing his own fate to which had achieved a dominant [[Spinozaposition]]'s "in the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|excommunicationIPA]]" from by the synagogue1950s.<ref>{{S11}} p. 3-4</ref>

=====Lacan's CriticismSAMCDA=====He accused the [[LacanInternational Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] criticized both of having betrayed [[Freud]]'s most fundamental insights, renaming it the [[structureInternational Psycho-Analytical Association|institutional structureSAMCDA]] (''société d'as­sistance mutuelle contre le [[discours]] [[analytique]]'', or [[society]] for mutual assis­tance against [[analytic]] [[discourse]]<ref>{{L}} ''[[Télévision]]''. Paris: Seuil, 1973 [''[[Television: A Challenge to the Psychoanalytic Establishment]]''. Ed. [[Joan Copjec]]. New York: Norton, 1990]. p. 27</ref>), and attributed this [[betrayal]] largely to the dominant theoretical tendencies of fact that the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]]was dominated by the USA.

As regards =====Return to Freud=====[[Lacan]] regarded his own teaching as a [[return]] to the insights that the [[structure|institutional structureIPA]], he accused its bureaucratic procedures of producing nothing but mediocrities, and mocked its stuffy hierarchies.<ref>{{Ec}} phad betrayed . 474-86</ref>

Lacan argued that ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Pass]]* [[Ego-psychology]]||* [[Factor C]]* [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]]||* [[Object-relations theory]]* [[Pass]]||* [[Psychoanalysis]]* [[Return to Freud had organised the IPA in such a way because this was the only way of assuring that his theories, misunderstood by all his first followers, would remain intact for someone else (Lacan) to disinter and resuscitate later on. ]]||* [[School]]* [[Training]]{{Also}}

Even more important than this were Lacan's criticisms of the IP A TRAINING programme, which he accused of ignoring , Freud's emphasis on the need for instruction in literary and cultural studies (Ec, 473), and for reducing the training analysis to a mere ritual.  The specific organisational structures on which Lacan organised his own school, such as the cartel and the pass, were aimed at ensuring that this school did not repeat these errors of the IP A.    On a theoretical level, Lacan levelled various criticisms at all the main theoretical tendencies in the IPA, including Kleinian psychoanalysis and object-relations theory, but his most sustained and profound criticisms were reserved for the school of [[ego-psychology]] which had achieved a dominant position in the IPA by the 1950s.  He accused the IPA of having betrayed Freud's most fundamental insights, renaming it the SAMCDA (societe d'as­sistance mutuelle contre Ie discours analytique, or society for mutual assis­tance against analytic discourse - Lacan, 1973a: 27), and attributed this betrayal largely to the fact that the IPA was dominated by the USA (see FACTOR c).  Lacan regarded his own teaching as a return to the insights that the IPA had betrayed (see FREUD. RETURN TO).      [[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Dictionary]]{{OK}}

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