Difference between revisions of "International Psycho-Analytical Association"
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==Sigmund Freud== | ==Sigmund Freud== | ||
| − | The [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]]) was founded by [[Freud]] in 1910 as an umbrella group for the various [[schools|psychoanalytic societies]] that were springing up around the world at that time. The first headquarters were in [[{{G}}|Zurich]], and later moved to [[{{G}}|London]], but the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|Association]] has been dominated by its [[{{G}}|American]] members ever since the [[{{Y}}|1930s]], when most of the [[{{G}}|Viennese]] [[analyst]]s emigrated to the [[{{G}}|United States]]. | + | The [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]]) was founded by [[Freud]] in 1910 as an umbrella group for the various [[schools|psychoanalytic societies]] that were springing up around the [[world]] at that [[time]]. The first headquarters were in [[{{G}}|Zurich]], and later moved to [[{{G}}|London]], but the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|Association]] has been dominated by its [[{{G}}|American]] members ever since the [[{{Y}}|1930s]], when most of the [[{{G}}|Viennese]] [[analyst]]s emigrated to the [[{{G}}|United States]]. |
==Jacques Lacan== | ==Jacques Lacan== | ||
===Excommunication=== | ===Excommunication=== | ||
| − | After resigning from the [[IPA]]-affiliated [[Société Psychanalytique de Paris]] ([[SPP]]) in 1953, to join the newly founded [[Société Française de Psychanalyse]] ([[SFP]]), [[Lacan]] was informed by letter that this also meant that he was no longer a member of the [[IPA]]. | + | After resigning from the [[IPA]]-affiliated [[Société Psychanalytique de Paris]] ([[SPP]]) in 1953, to join the newly founded [[Société Française de Psychanalyse]] ([[SFP]]), [[Lacan]] was informed by [[letter]] that this also meant that he was no longer a member of the [[IPA]]. |
| − | From that moment on until his death, [[Lacan]] and the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] were at loggerheads. During the [[SFP]]'s subsequent campaign for [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] membership (which [[Lacan]] seems to have supported) [[Lacan]] was regarded by the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] as the principal obstacle blocking negotiations. The main bone of contention was [[Lacan]]'s use of [[treatment|sessions of variable duration]], which he continued to practise despite repeated [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] admonitions. | + | From that [[moment]] on until his [[death]], [[Lacan]] and the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] were at loggerheads. During the [[SFP]]'s subsequent campaign for [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] membership (which [[Lacan]] seems to have supported) [[Lacan]] was regarded by the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] as the principal obstacle blocking negotiations. The main bone of contention was [[Lacan]]'s use of [[treatment|sessions of variable duration]], which he continued to practise despite repeated [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] admonitions. |
| − | In [[{{Y}}|1963]] [[Lacan]] was expelled from the [[IPA]]. Eventually, in 1963, the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] agreed to grant membership to the [[SFP]] on condition that [[Lacan]] be stripped of his status as a [[training|training analyst]]. Many of the leading analysts in the [[SFP]] agreed, but to many others (including [[Lacan]]) this was unacceptable. [[Lacan]] resigned from the [[SFP]] and, followed by a number of other analysts and trainees, founded his own [[school]] in 1964. From this point on, [[Lacan]] became much more vocal in his criticism of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], accusing it of being a kind of [[religion|church]] and comparing his own fate to [[Spinoza]]'s "[[International Psycho-Analytical Association|excommunication]]" from the synagogue.<ref>{{S11}} p. 3-4</ref> | + | In [[{{Y}}|1963]] [[Lacan]] was expelled from the [[IPA]]. Eventually, in 1963, the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] agreed to grant membership to the [[SFP]] on condition that [[Lacan]] be stripped of his status as a [[training|training analyst]]. Many of the leading [[analysts]] in the [[SFP]] agreed, but to many [[others]] (including [[Lacan]]) this was unacceptable. [[Lacan]] resigned from the [[SFP]] and, followed by a [[number]] of [[other]] analysts and [[trainees]], founded his own [[school]] in 1964. From this point on, [[Lacan]] became much more vocal in his criticism of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], accusing it of [[being]] a kind of [[religion|church]] and comparing his own fate to [[Spinoza]]'s "[[International Psycho-Analytical Association|excommunication]]" from the synagogue.<ref>{{S11}} p. 3-4</ref> |
===Lacan's Criticism=== | ===Lacan's Criticism=== | ||
| − | [[Lacan]] criticized both the [[structure|institutional structure]] and the dominant theoretical tendencies of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]]. | + | [[Lacan]] criticized both the [[structure|institutional structure]] and the dominant [[theoretical]] tendencies of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]]. |
====Institutional Level==== | ====Institutional Level==== | ||
| − | As regards the [[structure|institutional structure]], he accused its bureaucratic procedures of producing nothing but mediocrities, and mocked its stuffy hierarchies.<ref>{{Ec}} p. 474-86</ref> | + | As regards the [[structure|institutional structure]], he accused its bureaucratic procedures of producing [[nothing]] but mediocrities, and mocked its stuffy hierarchies.<ref>{{Ec}} p. 474-86</ref> |
=====Structure===== | =====Structure===== | ||
| − | [[Lacan]] argued that [[Freud]] had organised the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] in such a way because this was the only way of assuring that his theories, misunderstood by all his first followers, would remain intact for someone else ([[Lacan]]) to disinter and resuscitate later on. The [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], in other words, was like a tomb whose only function was to preserve [[Freud]]'s doctrine despite the ignorance of the members of the association, the implication being that once [[Lacan]] had breathed new life into the doctrine, the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] no longer had any valid function at all.<ref>{{L}} "[[Situation de la psychanalyse et formation du psychanalyste en 1956]]." 1956a. ''[[Écrits]]''. Paris: Seuil, 1966: 459-91.</ref> | + | [[Lacan]] argued that [[Freud]] had organised the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] in such a way because this was the only way of assuring that his theories, misunderstood by all his first followers, would remain intact for someone else ([[Lacan]]) to disinter and resuscitate later on. The [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], in other [[words]], was like a tomb whose only function was to preserve [[Freud]]'s [[doctrine]] despite the [[ignorance]] of the members of the [[association]], the implication being that once [[Lacan]] had breathed new [[life]] into the doctrine, the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] no longer had any valid function at all.<ref>{{L}} "[[Situation de la psychanalyse et formation du psychanalyste en 1956]]." 1956a. ''[[Écrits]]''. [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1966: 459-91.</ref> |
=====Training===== | =====Training===== | ||
| − | Even more important than this were [[Lacan]]'s criticisms of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] [[training|training programme]], which he accused of ignoring [[Freud]]'s emphasis on the need for instruction in literary and cultural studies,<ref>{{Ec}} p. 473</ref>, and for reducing the [[training|training analysis]] to a mere ritual. | + | Even more important than this were [[Lacan]]'s criticisms of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] [[training|training programme]], which he accused of ignoring [[Freud]]'s emphasis on the [[need]] for instruction in [[literary]] and [[cultural]] studies,<ref>{{Ec}} p. 473</ref>, and for reducing the [[training|training analysis]] to a mere [[ritual]]. |
=====School===== | =====School===== | ||
| − | The [[school|specific organisational structures]] on which [[Lacan]] organized his own [[school]], such as the [[cartel]] and the [[pass]], were aimed at ensuring that this [[school]] did not repeat these errors of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]]. | + | The [[school|specific organisational structures]] on which [[Lacan]] organized his own [[school]], such as the [[cartel]] and the [[pass]], were aimed at ensuring that this [[school]] did not [[repeat]] these errors of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]]. |
====Theoretical Level==== | ====Theoretical Level==== | ||
| − | On a theoretical level, [[Lacan]] levelled various criticisms at all the main theoretical tendencies in the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], including [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]] and [object-relations theory]], but his most sustained and profound criticisms were reserved for the [[school]] of [[ego-psychology]] which had achieved a dominant position in the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] by the 1950s. | + | On a theoretical level, [[Lacan]] levelled various criticisms at all the main theoretical tendencies in the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]], including [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]] and [[[object]]-relations [[theory]]]], but his most sustained and profound criticisms were reserved for the [[school]] of [[ego-psychology]] which had achieved a dominant [[position]] in the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] by the 1950s. |
=====SAMCDA===== | =====SAMCDA===== | ||
| − | He accused the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] of having betrayed [[Freud]]'s most fundamental insights, renaming it the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|SAMCDA]] (''société d'assistance mutuelle contre le discours analytique'', or society for mutual assistance against analytic discourse<ref>{{L}} ''[[Télévision]]''. Paris: Seuil, 1973 [''[[Television: A Challenge to the Psychoanalytic Establishment]]''. Ed. [[Joan Copjec]]. New York: Norton, 1990]. p. 27</ref>), and attributed this betrayal largely to the fact that the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] was dominated by the USA. | + | He accused the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] of having betrayed [[Freud]]'s most fundamental insights, renaming it the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|SAMCDA]] (''société d'assistance mutuelle contre le [[discours]] [[analytique]]'', or [[society]] for mutual assistance against [[analytic]] [[discourse]]<ref>{{L}} ''[[Télévision]]''. Paris: Seuil, 1973 [''[[Television: A Challenge to the Psychoanalytic Establishment]]''. Ed. [[Joan Copjec]]. New York: Norton, 1990]. p. 27</ref>), and attributed this [[betrayal]] largely to the fact that the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association|IPA]] was dominated by the USA. |
=====Return to Freud===== | =====Return to Freud===== | ||
Latest revision as of 00:43, 25 May 2019
Contents
Sigmund Freud
The International Psycho-Analytical Association (IPA) was founded by Freud in 1910 as an umbrella group for the various psychoanalytic societies that were springing up around the world at that time. The first headquarters were in Zurich, and later moved to London, but the Association has been dominated by its American members ever since the 1930s, when most of the Viennese analysts emigrated to the United States.
Jacques Lacan
Excommunication
After resigning from the IPA-affiliated Société Psychanalytique de Paris (SPP) in 1953, to join the newly founded Société Française de Psychanalyse (SFP), Lacan was informed by letter that this also meant that he was no longer a member of the IPA.
From that moment on until his death, Lacan and the IPA were at loggerheads. During the SFP's subsequent campaign for IPA membership (which Lacan seems to have supported) Lacan was regarded by the IPA as the principal obstacle blocking negotiations. The main bone of contention was Lacan's use of sessions of variable duration, which he continued to practise despite repeated IPA admonitions.
In 1963 Lacan was expelled from the IPA. Eventually, in 1963, the IPA agreed to grant membership to the SFP on condition that Lacan be stripped of his status as a training analyst. Many of the leading analysts in the SFP agreed, but to many others (including Lacan) this was unacceptable. Lacan resigned from the SFP and, followed by a number of other analysts and trainees, founded his own school in 1964. From this point on, Lacan became much more vocal in his criticism of the IPA, accusing it of being a kind of church and comparing his own fate to Spinoza's "excommunication" from the synagogue.[1]
Lacan's Criticism
Lacan criticized both the institutional structure and the dominant theoretical tendencies of the IPA.
Institutional Level
As regards the institutional structure, he accused its bureaucratic procedures of producing nothing but mediocrities, and mocked its stuffy hierarchies.[2]
Structure
Lacan argued that Freud had organised the IPA in such a way because this was the only way of assuring that his theories, misunderstood by all his first followers, would remain intact for someone else (Lacan) to disinter and resuscitate later on. The IPA, in other words, was like a tomb whose only function was to preserve Freud's doctrine despite the ignorance of the members of the association, the implication being that once Lacan had breathed new life into the doctrine, the IPA no longer had any valid function at all.[3]
Training
Even more important than this were Lacan's criticisms of the IPA training programme, which he accused of ignoring Freud's emphasis on the need for instruction in literary and cultural studies,[4], and for reducing the training analysis to a mere ritual.
School
The specific organisational structures on which Lacan organized his own school, such as the cartel and the pass, were aimed at ensuring that this school did not repeat these errors of the IPA.
Theoretical Level
On a theoretical level, Lacan levelled various criticisms at all the main theoretical tendencies in the IPA, including Kleinian psychoanalysis and [[[object]]-relations theory]], but his most sustained and profound criticisms were reserved for the school of ego-psychology which had achieved a dominant position in the IPA by the 1950s.
SAMCDA
He accused the IPA of having betrayed Freud's most fundamental insights, renaming it the SAMCDA (société d'assistance mutuelle contre le discours analytique, or society for mutual assistance against analytic discourse[5]), and attributed this betrayal largely to the fact that the IPA was dominated by the USA.
Return to Freud
Lacan regarded his own teaching as a return to the insights that the IPA had betrayed .
See Also
References
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. The Seminar. Book XI. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, 1964. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1977. p. 3-4
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p. 474-86
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. "Situation de la psychanalyse et formation du psychanalyste en 1956." 1956a. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966: 459-91.
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. Paris: Seuil, 1966. p. 473
- ↑ Lacan, Jacques. Télévision. Paris: Seuil, 1973 [Television: A Challenge to the Psychoanalytic Establishment. Ed. Joan Copjec. New York: Norton, 1990]. p. 27
