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[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst and psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, philosophy, and [[psychoanalyst]]literary theory. Essentially a fringe figure Giving yearly seminars in mainstream psychologyParis from 1953 to 1981, Lacaninfluenced France's influence today is most prominent intellectuals in a broad range of academic disciplines where his ideas are used to analyze fiction the 1960s and films. Beyond a small number of devoted Lacanian analyststhe 1970s, his ideas have had essentially no influence on clinical psychology in especially the Englishpost-speaking worldstructuralist philosophers.<ref>EvansHis interdisciplinary work is Freudian, Dylan. (2005) "[http://www.dylan.org.uk/lacan.pdf From Lacan to Darwin]"featuring the unconscious, the castration complex, pp. 38-55 in ''The Literary Animal:Evolution and the Nature of Narrative''ego, identification, eds. Jonathan Gottschall and David Sloan Wilson,Evanston: Northwestern University Presslanguage as subjective perception.</ref> Moreoever, Lacan's psychoanalytic principles His ideas have not been rigorously tested for effectivenesshad a significant impact on critical theory,<ref>"There doesn't seem to be any data on the therapeutic effectiveness of Lacanian psychoanalysis in particular." Roustangliterary theory, François. (1990) "[http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/reviews/lacaniantwentieth-delusion/therapy.html The Lacanian Delusion]"century French philosophy, sociology, London: Oxford University Press.</ref> feminist theory and anecdotal data from Lacanian analysts suggest that in clinical practice Lacan's psychoanalytic methods rage from useless to harmfulpsychoanalysis.<ref>Evans, 2005</ref>