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{{JL}}[[Image:LacanJacques-lacan-TV4.gifjpg|thumb|300px250px|right]]<!-- {{Infobox_Scientist| name = Jacques Lacan| image = Lacan3.jpg| image_width = 200px| caption = | birth_date = [[13 April]] [[1901]]| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| death_date = [[9 September]] [[1981]]| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| residence = | citizenship = France| nationality = | ethnicity = | field = [[Psychology]]| work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }}-->[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially the post-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]] is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]]. His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.

<!--{| style="line-height:1.5em;valign:top;width:50%;text-align:left;"|class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%;border:0px solid #cccccc;background-color:#ffffff;vertical-align:top"|{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:left;line-height:2em;vertical-align:top;background-color:#ffffff"|-|style="text-align:left;color:#000;line-height:2.5em;align:justify;"||{| width="100%" style="text-align:left;font-size:.95em;line-height:2em;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:3px;" |{{See}}:1. [[Jacques Lacan#Biography|Jacques-Marie Émile LacanBiography]] (April 13, 1901 – September 9, 1981) was a :2. [[FrenchJacques Lacan#Theory|Theory]] ||:3. [[psychiatristJacques Lacan#Practice|Practice]] and :4. [[psychoanalystJacques Lacan#Bibliography|Bibliography]].||A controversial figure in the history of :5. [[psychoanalysisJacques Lacan#See Also|See Also]], :6. [[Jacques Lacan#References|References]] is mostly acknowledged for his impact on a broad range of fields within the [[human]] [[sciences]].{{Also}}|}|}|}-->

<blockquote>''[[Chronology|Click here]] for a more complete chronology of [['''Jacques Lacan]]''''s life]].''</blockquote>;1901Originally :13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan is [[Lacanborn]] in Paris, to a [[family]] of solid [[Catholic]] [[tradition]] . He is educated at the collège Stanislas, a Jesuit school. After his ''baccalauréat'' he studies [[medicine ]] and later [[psychiatry]].;1927In 1927, : Starts clinical [[Lacan]] begins his clincial training in [[psychiatry]] , works at the [[Sainte-Anne 's hospital]], . A year later he works in the Special Infirmary Service where he would later teach. In 1931, [[LacanClérambault]] becomes increasingly interest in had a [[surrealismpractice]] and meets Salvador Dalí.;1932In 1932, :Awarded doctorate for his [[Lacanthesis]] publishes his doctoral disseration (, ''[[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personalityDe la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité]]'').;1933In 1933:The richness of his thesis, especially the [[analysis]] of the [[Lacancase]] of [[Aimée]], makes him famous with the [[Surrealist]] begins to attend s. BEtween this year and 1939 he takes [[Alexandre Kojève]]'s lectures on course at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes [[Etudes]], an "Introduction to the [[reading]] of [[Hegel]]'s .";1934:He [[marries]] [[Marie-Louise]] Blondon, [[mother]] of [[Caroline]], [[Thibaut]] and [[Sibylle]]. While in analysis with Rudolph [[Loewenstein]], Lacan becomes a member of the ''[[Hegel[Société Psychanalytique de Paris|Phenomenology of MindSociété psychanalytique de Paris]]]]''([[Société psychanalytique de Paris|SPP]]).;1940===The Mirror Stage===:Works at Val-de-Grâce, the military hospital in Paris. During the [[German]] Occupation, he does not take part in any [[official]] [[activity]].;1946:In 19361946, the [[SPP]] resumes its activities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training [[analyses]] and supervisory [[control]] and plays an important [[theoretical]] and institutional [[role]] presents his paper on the .;1951:The [[mirror stageSPP]] begins to raise the fourteenth congress issue of the Lacan's [[IPAshort sessions]] at Marienbad on 3 August, as opposed to the standard analytical hour.;1953===The Seminar===:In 1953January Lacan is elected President of the [[SPP]]. Six months later he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[others]]. In Rome, Lacandelivers his report, "''[[Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage]]''". On 17 July he marries [[Sylvia] begins ] Maklès, mother of [[Judith]]. That autumn Lacan starts his first public [[seminar]] in s at the [[Hôpital Hôspital Sainte-Anne]]. ;1954These :The first ten [[seminar]]selaborate fundamental notions [[about]] [[psychoanalytic]] [[technique]], the essential [[concepts]] of [[psychoanalysis]], which will continue for twenty-seven yearsand its [[ethics]]. During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, soon become the principal platform for major [[texts]] that are found in ''[[Ecrits]]'' in 1966.;1956:Celebrities are attracted to his seminars ([[Jean Hyppolite]]'s analysis of [[LacanFreud]]'s teachingarticle on ''Dé[[négation]]'', given during the first seminar, is a well-known example). [[Alexandre Koyré]], Claude Lévi-[[Strauss]], Maurice [[Merleau-Ponty]], and ethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses.;1962==Works==:[[SFP]] members [[want]] to be recognized by the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]). The [[IPA]] issues an ultimatum: Lacan's [[name]] must be crossed off the [[list]] of didacticians.;1963In 1966:Two weeks before the expiry of the deadline set by the IPA (31 October), a selection the committee of didacticians of the [[SFP]] gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians.;1964:Lacanians [[form]] a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacanofficial founds the ''[[Ecole Française de Psychanalyse]]'s collected papers are published under ', which soon becomes the title ''[[ÉcritsEcole Freudienne de Paris]]''([[EFP]]). With [[Lévi-Strauss]] and [[Althusser]]'s support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.;1965:In January Lacan begins his new seminar on "[[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]" at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of [[analysts]] and young students in philosophy at the ENS, notably [[Jacques-Alain Miller]].;1966:[[Ecrits]], Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the [[EFP]], extending far beyond the intelligentsia.;1967:Lacanpresents the ''[[Acte]]de Fondation'' of the [[EFP]]; its novelty lies in the procedure of ''[[passe]]''. The ''[[passe]]'' consists of testifying, in front of two ''passeurs'', to one's most important papers [[experience]] as an analysand and especially to the crucial [[moment]] of passage from the [[position]] of [[analysand]] to that of [[analyst]]. The ''passeurs'' are collected chosen by their [[analyst]]s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same [[stage]] in their [[analytic]] experience as the ''passant''. They listen to him and then, in his turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[Écritsanalyste]]de l'école'' (1966analyst of the school). This committee's function is to select the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[process]], a 'work of [[doctrine]]'.; fewer than one-third 1969:The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[life]]. "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of them are included the [[university]] that follows May [[1968]]: "If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has no [[place]] in the English university, which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'[[Écrits: A SelectionAnalyse]]'' (1977)has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon.;1974:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacanits director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] presented his most important theoretical contributions its president.;1980:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[psychoanalysisstate]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]] through his '', later renamed the ''[[seminarEcole de la Cause freudienne]]''.;1981:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.==Institutions==<!--;1901 - 1938In 1934, :[[Lacan]] begins studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] - at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] in [[analysisMarienbad]] with .;1938 - 1953 :[[Rudolph LoewensteinLacan]], and joins is a member of the ''[[Société Parisienne psychanalytique de PsychanalyseParis]] ('' until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Psychoanalytique Française de ParisPsychanalyse]]''.;1953 - 1963:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]]) (which he will continue to give annually until his [[SPPdeath]]) as . Thereafter, he rises to become a candidate memberrenowned and controversial [[figure]] in the international psychoanalytic [[community]].;1963 - 1980In 1938:[[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[LacanÉcole Freudienne de Paris]] becomes a full member '' . Following the publication of the [[SPPÉcrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.--><!--Since {| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="2" align="center" bgcolor="ffffff" style="background:#ffffff;width:100%; height:200px; text-align:center; line-height:2.0em;"| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1938, ]]<BR>| align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] was studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]].He presents a member of paper on the [[SPPmirror stage]] -- his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]], which was -- at a member body conference of the [[International Psychoanalytical Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]])in Marienbad. |-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>In 1951, | align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] is a member of the ([[IPA]] affiliated) ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' ([[SPP]] begins ) until he resigns to raise join the issue of ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]).|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]]'s practice of using sessions of variable durationbegins his first public [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his death). Thereafter, as opposed he rises to become a renowned and controversial figure in the standard analytical hourinternational psychoanalytic community.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] defends leaves the [[SFP]] (after his use "[[expulsion]]" from the [[IPA]]) and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]). Following the publication of short sessionsthe [[Écrits]] (1966), there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1981]]<BR>In 1953, | align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] is elected president of single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the ''[[SPPÉcole de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''. However, six months later he resigns from the [[SPPLacan]] to join soon dissolves the ''[[Société Française École de Psychanalysela Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]] ('' and replaces it with the ''[[SFPÉcole de la Cause freudienne]]) with D''. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez|}--Boutonier among others.>

The ==Bibliography==<blockquote>''[[SFPJacques Lacan:Bibliography|Click here]] sought to become recognized by the for a more [[complete]] [[bibliography]] of [[IPAJacques Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]] as a member society.''</blockquote>

In 1963, the [[SFPLacan]] is granted affiliation 's most important theoretical contributions to the [[IPApsychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]] as s. In 1966, a member society on condition that selection of [[Lacan]] be removed from 's most important papers are published under the list title ''[[Écrits]]''; in 2006 a complete edition of training analyststhese works was published in [[English]].

In 1980, <!--==See Also=={{See}}* [[LacanPsychoanalysis]] dissolves the * [[EFPPsychology]] and creates in its stead the Cause freudienne.||* [[Return to Freud]]* [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]||* [[Ego-psychology]]* [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]]||* [[Object-relations theory]]{{Also}}-->

In 1981, the ==External Links==[[school|Cause freudiennehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan Wikipedia Entry]] is dissolved and the [[school|École de la Cause freudienne]] is created to replace it.

__NOTOC__{{Jacques Lacan}}[[Category:Psychoanalysis|Lacan, Jacques]][[Category:People|Lacan, Jacques]][[Category:Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]] dies in Paris on 9 September<!-- [[Category:Index|Lacan, 1981 at the age of eighty.Jacques]] --><!-- [[Category:Looking Awry|Lacan, Jacques]] -->