Changes

{{JL}}[[Image:LacanJacques-lacan-TV4.gifjpg|thumb|300px250px|right]]<!-- {{Infobox_Scientist| name = Jacques Lacan| image = Lacan3.jpg| image_width = 200px| caption = | birth_date = [[13 April]] [[1901]]| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| death_date = [[9 September]] [[1981]]| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| residence = | citizenship = France| nationality = | ethnicity = | field = [[Psychology]]| work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }}-->[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially the post-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]] is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]]. His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.

<!--{| style="line-height:1.5em;valign:top;width:50%;text-align:left;"|class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%;border:0px solid #cccccc;background-color:#ffffff;vertical-align:top"|{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:left;line-height:2em;vertical-align:top;background-color:#ffffff"|-|style="text-align:left;color:#000;line-height:2.5em;align:justify;"||{| width="100%" style="text-align:left;font-size:.95em;line-height:2em;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:3px;" |{{See}}:1. [[Jacques Lacan#Biography|Jacques-Marie Émile LacanBiography]] (April 13, 1901 – September 9, 1981) was a :2. [[FrenchJacques Lacan#Theory|Theory]] ||:3. [[psychiatristJacques Lacan#Practice|Practice]] and :4. [[psychoanalystJacques Lacan#Bibliography|Bibliography]].||One of the most important -- and most controversial -- figures in the history of :5. [[psychoanalysisJacques Lacan#See Also|See Also]], :6. [[Jacques Lacan#References|References]] is also acknowledged for his influence across a broad range of disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences, from the field of cultural studies, literary and film criticism, to the field of social and political theory, women and gender studies, and philosophy.{{Also}}|}|}|}-->

<blockquote>''[[Chronology|Click here]] for a more complete chronology of [['''Jacques Lacan]]''''s life]].''</blockquote>;1901In 1927:13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan is [[Lacanborn]] in Paris, to a [[family]] of solid [[Catholic]] [[tradition]] begins . He is educated at the collège Stanislas, a Jesuit school. After his ''baccalauréat'' he studies [[treatment|clincial trainingmedicine]] in and later [[psychiatry]] .;1927: Starts clinical [[training]], works at the [[Sainte-Anne 's hospital]], . A year later he works in the Special Infirmary Service where he would later teach[[Clérambault]] had a [[practice]].;1932In 1932, :Awarded doctorate for his [[Lacanthesis]] publishes his doctoral disseration (, ''[[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personalityDe la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité]]'').;1933In 1936:The richness of his thesis, especially the [[Lacananalysis]] presents his paper on of the [[mirror stagecase]] at a conference of [[Aimée]], makes him famous with the [[Surrealist]]s. BEtween this year and 1939 he takes [[Kojève]]'''s course at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes [[Etudes]], an "Introduction to the [[International Psychoanalytical Associationreading]]''' (of [[IPAHegel]]) in Marienbad.";1934In 1953:He [[marries]] [[Marie-Louise]] Blondon, [[Lacanmother]] of [[Caroline]] begins his first public , [[seminarThibaut]] in and [[Hôpital Sainte-AnneSibylle]]. In 1938, While in analysis with Rudolph [[LacanLoewenstein]] , Lacan becomes a member of the '''[[[Société Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]]']]'' ([[Société psychanalytique de Paris|SPP]]).;1940:Works at Val-de-Grâce, a member body of the military hospital in Paris. During the [[IPAGerman]] Occupation, he does not take part in any [[official]] [[activity]].;1946:In 19531946, the [[SPP]] resumes its activities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training [[analyses]] and supervisory [[control]] and plays an important [[theoretical]] and institutional [[role]].;1951:The [[SPP]] begins to raise the issue of Lacan's [[short sessions]], as opposed to the standard analytical hour.;1953:In January Lacan is elected president President of the [[SPP]]. However, six Six months later he resigns from the [[SPP]] to join the '''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''' ([[SFP]]) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[Daniel Lagacheothers]]. In Rome, Lacan delivers his report, "''[[Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage]]''". On 17 July he marries [[Sylvia]] Maklès, mother of [[Judith]]. That autumn Lacan starts his [[seminar]]s at the [[Hôspital Sainte-Anne]].;1954:The first ten [[seminar]]s elaborate fundamental notions [[about]] [[psychoanalytic]] [[technique]], the essential [[concepts]] of [[psychoanalysis]] , and its [[Francoise Doltoethics]]. During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the major [[texts]] that are found in ''[[Ecrits]] among others'' in 1966.;1956From 1954 :Celebrities are attracted to 1963his seminars ([[Jean Hyppolite]]'s analysis of [[Freud]]'s article on ''Dé[[négation]]'', given during the first seminar, after is a series of requests well-known example). [[Alexandre Koyré]], Claude Lévi-[[Strauss]], Maurice [[Merleau-Ponty]], and a lengthy committee investigationethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses.;1962:[[SFP]] members [[want]] to be recognized by the [[SFPInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]] is granted ([[IPA]] affiliation as a member society on condition that ). The [[IPA]] issues an ultimatum: Lacan's [[name]] must be removed from crossed off the list of [[training|training analystslist]]of didacticians.;1963In 1963:Two weeks before the expiry of the deadline set by the IPA (31 October), the committee of didacticians of the [[LacanSFP]] resigns from gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians.;1964:Lacanians [[SFPform]] and a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan official founds his own the ''[[schoolEcole Française de Psychanalyse]]'', which soon becomes the '''[[École Ecole Freudienne de Paris]]''' ([[EFP]]). With [[Lévi-Strauss]] and [[Althusser]]'s support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.;1965:In 1980January Lacan begins his new seminar on "[[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]" at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of [[analysts]] and young students in philosophy at the ENS, notably [[Jacques-Alain Miller]].;1966:[[Ecrits]], Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the [[EFP]], extending far beyond the intelligentsia.;1967:Lacanpresents the ''[[Acte]] dissolves de Fondation'' of the [[EFP]] and creates ; its novelty lies in its stead the procedure of ''[[passe]]''. The ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudiennepasse]]'' consists of testifying, in front of two ''passeurs''. In 1981, to one's [[experience]] as an analysand and especially to the crucial [[moment]] of passage from the [[position]] of [[analysand]] to that of [[analyst]]. The ''passeurs''are chosen by their [[analyst]]s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same [[stage]] in their [[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneanalytic]]experience as the ''passant'' is dissolved . They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the 'director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[École de la Cause freudienneanalyste]]de l'école''(analyst of the school). This committee' s function is created to replace itselect the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[process]], a 'work of [[doctrine]]'.;1969==Development== :The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[Lacanlife]]. "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the [[university]] that follows May [[Jacques Lacan1968]]:Bibliography|work"If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has transformed no [[psychoanalysisplace]]in the university, both as which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'theory'[[Analyse]]'' has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon. ;1974:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacan its director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] its president.;1980:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and as asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[state]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]]'', later renamed the 'practice'[[Ecole de la Cause freudienne]]''.;1981:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.<!--;1901 - 1938In the 1950s, :[[Lacan]] places studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his greatest emphasis [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the role [[mirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] - at a conference of the [[languageInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]] in [[psychoanalysisMarienbad]] and formulated his most important thesis.;1938 - 1953 : that [[Lacan]] is a member of the ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]''until he resigns to join the unconscious is structured like a language''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''.;1953 - 1963:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]] (This was an extraordinarily innovative period for which he will continue to give annually until his [[death]]). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial [[figure]] in the international psychoanalytic [[community]].;1963 - 1980:[[Lacan ]] leaves the [[SFP]] and he introduced many founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' . Following the publication of the concepts that would preoccupy him for the rest [[Écrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his careerwork in France and abroad.)--><!--{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="2" align="center" bgcolor=Structuralism"ffffff" style="background:#ffffff;width:100%; height:200px; text-align:center; line-height:2.0em;"| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>| align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] drew on a field of study known as '''studies medicine and [[Structuralismpsychiatry]]''' and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on '''[[linguisticsparanoia|linguistic theoryparanoid]] [[psychosis]]'''. He presents a paper on the [[Claude Lévi-Straussmirror stage]]'s ''elementary -- his first theoretical contribution to [[structurepsychoanalysis]] -- at a conference of kinship'' provided the basis for [[LacanInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]'s conception of the ) in Marienbad.|-| width="50px" | [[symbolic{{Y}}|1938]] <BR>-<BR>[[order{{Y}}|1953]] and the formation <BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] is a member of the ([[unconsciousIPA]].  affiliated) ''[[Lévi-StraussSociété psychanalytique de Paris]]'s ' ([[structuralism|structural anthropologySPP]] was facilitated by ) until he resigns to join the work of the Swiss ''[[linguistics|linguistSociété Française de Psychanalyse]] '' ([[Ferdinand de SaussureSFP]] (1857).|-1913) and it was through | width="50px" | [[Lévi{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>-Strauss<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]] that <BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] began to read begins his first public [[linguisticsseminar]](which he will continue to give annually until his death). In the process Thereafter, he made radical rises to become a renowned and farcontroversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community.|-reaching changes to | width="50px" | [[Saussure{{Y}}|1963]]'s concept of the <BR>-<BR>[[linguistics{{Y}}|linguistic1980]] <BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[signLacan]], completely reversing any conventional understanding of the relationship between leaves the [[speech|speakingSFP]] (after his "[[expulsion]] " from the [[subjectIPA]] ) and founds his own [[languageschool]].  Finally, we will look at the Russian ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[linguistics|linguistEFP]] ). Following the publication of the [[Roman JakobsonÉcrits]]'s (1896-19821966) , there is an explosion of interest in his work on in France and abroad.|-| width="50px" | [[metaphor{{Y}}|1980]] and <BR>-<BR>[[metonymy{{Y}}|1981]], as this was crucially important for <BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]]single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the ''s conceptualization of [[desireÉcole de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''.  However, [[Lacan]]soon dissolves the ''s conception of the [[subjectÉcole de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]] as constituted in '' and through replaces it with the ''[[languageÉcole de la Cause freudienne]]''. |}=====Structuralism=====-->

<blockquote>''[[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|Click here]] for a more [[complete ]] [[bibliography ]] of [[Jacques Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]].''</blockquote>

[[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. In 1966, a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; fewer than one-third in 2006 a complete edition of them are included these works was published in the English ''[[Écrits: A SelectionEnglish]]'' (1977). {{LA}}pp. 5–6, 21, 28–29, 33–39, 65, 75, 88, 90–91, 95–96, 98, 103, 108–110, 118–119, 125–126, 128–132, 135–139, 151–153, 158, 161–169

<!--==See Also=={{See}}* [[Category:People|Lacan, JacquesPsychoanalysis]]* [[Category:PsychoanalysisPsychology]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Return to Freud]]* [[Category:IndexInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Ego-psychology]]* [[Category:Slavoj ŽižekKleinian psychoanalysis]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Object-relations theory]]{{Also}}--> ==External Links==[[Categoryhttp:Looking Awry|Lacan, Jacques]//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan Wikipedia Entry]