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{{JL}}[[Image:Lacan4Jacques-lacan-4.gifjpg|thumb|300px250px|right]]<!-- {{Infobox_Scientist|name = Jacques Lacan| image = Lacan3.jpg| image_width = 200px| caption = | birth_date = [[13 April]] [[1901]]| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| death_date = [[9 September]] [[1981]]| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| residence = | citizenship = France| nationality = | ethnicity = | field = [[Psychology]]| work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }}-->[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially the post-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]]is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]]. His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.

<!--{| style="line-height:1.5em;valign:top;width:50%;text-align:left;"|class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%;border:0px solid #cccccc;background-color:#ffffff;vertical-align:top"|{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:left;line-height:2em;vertical-align:top;background-color:#ffffff"|-|style="text-align:left;color:#000;line-height:2.5em;align:justify;"||{| width="100%" style="text-align:left;font-size:.95em;line-height:2em;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:3px;" |{{See}}:1. [[Jacques Lacan#Biography|Biography]]:2. [[Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan#Theory|Theory]] ||:3. [[April 13, 1901 – September 9, 1981Jacques Lacan#Practice|Practice] was a ]:4. [[FrenchJacques Lacan#Bibliography|Bibliography]] ||:5. [[psychiatristJacques Lacan#See Also|See Also]] and :6. [[psychoanalystJacques Lacan#References|References]].{{Also}}|}|}|}He is one of the most important -- and most controversial -- figures in the history of [[psychoanalysis]], but is also acknowledged for his influence across a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences.>

<blockquote>''[[Chronology|Click here]] for a more complete chronology of [['''Jacques Lacan]]''''s life]].''</blockquote>;1901In 1927:13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan is [[born]] in Paris, to a [[family]] of solid [[LacanCatholic]] [[tradition]] begins . He is educated at the collège Stanislas, a Jesuit school. After his ''baccalauréat'' he studies [[treatment|clincial trainingmedicine]] in and later [[psychiatry]] .;1927: Starts clinical [[training]], works at the [[Sainte-Anne 's hospital]], . A year later he works in the Special Infirmary Service where he would later teach[[Clérambault]] had a [[practice]].;1932In 1932, :Awarded doctorate for his [[Lacanthesis]] completes his doctoral thesis -- , ''[[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personality|De la psychose paranoiaque paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personalitépersonnalité]]'' (".;1933:The richness of his thesis, especially the [[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to analysis]] of the personality|On Paranoid Psychosis and Its Relations to [[case]] of [[Aimée]], makes him famous with the Personality[[Surrealist]]")s. In 1936, BEtween this year and 1939 he takes [[LacanKojève]] presents his paper on 's course at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes [[mirror stageEtudes]] at a conference of , an "Introduction to the '''[[International Psychoanalytical Associationreading]]''' (of [[IPAHegel]]) in Marienbad.";1934In 1953:He [[marries]] [[Marie-Louise]] Blondon, [[Lacanmother]] of [[Caroline]] begins his first public , [[seminarThibaut]] in and [[Hôpital Sainte-AnneSibylle]]. In 1938, While in analysis with Rudolph [[LacanLoewenstein]] , Lacan becomes a member of the '''[[[Société Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]]']]'' ([[Société psychanalytique de Paris|SPP]]).;1940:Works at Val-de-Grâce, a member body of the military hospital in Paris. During the [[German]] Occupation, he does not take part in any [[official]] [[IPAactivity]].;1946:In 19531946, the [[SPP]] resumes its activities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training [[analyses]] and supervisory [[control]] and plays an important [[theoretical]] and institutional [[role]].;1951:The [[SPP]] begins to raise the issue of Lacan's [[short sessions]] , as opposed to the standard analytical hour.;1953:In January Lacan is elected president President of the [[SPP]]. However, six Six months later he resigns from the [[SPP]] to join the '''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''' ([[SFP]]) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[others]]. In Rome, Lacan delivers his report, "''[[Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage]]''". On 17 July he marries [[Sylvia]] Maklès, mother of [[Daniel LagacheJudith]]. That autumn Lacan starts his [[seminar]]s at the [[Hôspital Sainte-Anne]].;1954:The first ten [[seminar]]s elaborate fundamental notions [[about]] [[psychoanalytic]] [[technique]], the essential [[concepts]] of [[psychoanalysis]], and its [[ethics]] . During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the major [[texts]] that are found in ''[[Francoise DoltoEcrits]] among others'' in 1966.;1956From 1954 :Celebrities are attracted to 1963his seminars ([[Jean Hyppolite]]'s analysis of [[Freud]]'s article on ''Dé[[négation]]'', given during the first seminar, after is a series of requests well-known example). [[Alexandre Koyré]], Claude Lévi-[[Strauss]], Maurice [[Merleau-Ponty]], and a lengthy committee investigationethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses.;1962:[[SFP]] members [[want]] to be recognized by the [[SFPInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]] is granted ([[IPA]] affiliation as a member society on condition that ). The [[IPA]] issues an ultimatum: Lacan's [[name]] must be removed from crossed off the list of [[training|training analystslist]]of didacticians.;1963In 1963:Two weeks before the expiry of the deadline set by the IPA (31 October), the committee of didacticians of the [[LacanSFP]] resigns from gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians.;1964:Lacanians [[SFPform]] and a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan official founds his own the ''[[schoolEcole Française de Psychanalyse]]'', which soon becomes the '''[[École Ecole Freudienne de Paris]]''' ([[EFP]]). With [[Lévi-Strauss]] and [[Althusser]]'s support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.;1965:In 1980January Lacan begins his new seminar on "[[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]" at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of [[analysts]] and young students in philosophy at the ENS, notably [[Jacques-Alain Miller]].;1966:[[Ecrits]], Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the [[EFP]], extending far beyond the intelligentsia.;1967:Lacanpresents the ''[[Acte]] dissolves de Fondation'' of the [[EFP]] and creates ; its novelty lies in its stead the procedure of ''[[passe]]''. The ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudiennepasse]]'' consists of testifying, in front of two ''passeurs''. In 1981, to one's [[experience]] as an analysand and especially to the crucial [[moment]] of passage from the [[position]] of [[analysand]] to that of [[analyst]]. The ''passeurs''are chosen by their [[analyst]]s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same [[stage]] in their [[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneanalytic]]experience as the ''passant'' is dissolved . They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the 'director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[École de la Cause freudienneanalyste]]de l'école'' (analyst of the school). This committee's function is created to replace itselect the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[process]], a 'work of [[doctrine]]'.;1969==Development== :The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[Lacanlife]]. "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the [[Jacques Lacanuniversity]] that follows May [[1968]]:Bibliography|work"If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has transformed no [[psychoanalysisplace]]in the university, both as which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'theory'[[Analyse]]'' has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon. ;1974:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacan its director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] its president.;1980:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and as asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[state]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]]''practice, later renamed the ''[[Ecole de la Cause freudienne]]''.;1981:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.<!--;1901 - 1938In the 1950s, :[[Lacan]] emphasized studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the role of [[languagemirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] (and - at a conference of the [[symbolic orderInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]]) in [[psychoanalysisMarienbad]] and formulated his most important thesis.;1938 - 1953 : that [[Lacan]] is a member of the ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]''until he resigns to join the unconscious is structured like a language''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''.;1953 - 1963:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]] (This was an extraordinarily innovative period for which he will continue to give annually until his [[death]]). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial [[figure]] in the international psychoanalytic [[community]].;1963 - 1980:[[Lacan ]] leaves the [[SFP]] and he introduced many founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' . Following the publication of the concepts that would preoccupy him for the rest [[Écrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his careerwork in France and abroad.)--><!--{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="2" align="center" bgcolor=Structuralism"ffffff" style="background:#ffffff;width:100%; height:200px; text-align:center; line-height:2.0em;"| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>| align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] drew on a field of study known as '''studies medicine and [[Structuralismpsychiatry]]''' and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on '''[[linguisticsparanoia|linguistic theoryparanoid]] [[psychosis]]'''. He presents a paper on the [[Claude Lévi-Straussmirror stage]]'s ''elementary -- his first theoretical contribution to [[structurepsychoanalysis]] -- at a conference of kinship'' provided the basis for [[LacanInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]) in Marienbad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1938]]'s conception of the <BR>-<BR>[[symbolic{{Y}}|1953]] <BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[orderLacan]] and the formation is a member of the ([[unconsciousIPA]].  affiliated) ''[[Lévi-StraussSociété psychanalytique de Paris]]'s ' ([[structuralism|structural anthropologySPP]] was facilitated by ) until he resigns to join the work of the Swiss ''[[linguistics|linguistSociété Française de Psychanalyse]] '' ([[Ferdinand de SaussureSFP]] (1857).|-1913) and it was through | width="50px" | [[Lévi{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>-Strauss<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]] that <BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] began to read begins his first public [[linguisticsseminar]](which he will continue to give annually until his death). In the process Thereafter, he made radical rises to become a renowned and farcontroversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community.|-reaching changes to | width="50px" | [[Saussure{{Y}}|1963]]'s concept of the <BR>-<BR>[[linguistics{{Y}}|linguistic1980]] <BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[signLacan]], completely reversing any conventional understanding of the relationship between leaves the [[speech|speakingSFP]] (after his "[[expulsion]] " from the [[subjectIPA]] ) and founds his own [[languageschool]].  Finally, we will look at the Russian ''[[linguistics|linguistÉcole Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]] ). Following the publication of the [[Roman JakobsonÉcrits]]'s (1896-19821966) , there is an explosion of interest in his work on in France and abroad.|-| width="50px" | [[metaphor{{Y}}|1980]] and <BR>-<BR>[[metonymy{{Y}}|1981]], as this was crucially important for <BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]]single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the ''s conceptualization of [[desireÉcole de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''.  However, [[Lacan]]soon dissolves the ''s conception of the [[subjectÉcole de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]] as constituted in '' and through replaces it with the ''[[languageÉcole de la Cause freudienne]]''. |}=====Structuralism=====-->

<blockquote>''[[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|Click here]] for a more [[complete ]] [[bibliography ]] of [[Jacques Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]].''</blockquote>

[[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. In 1966, a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; fewer than one-third in 2006 a complete edition of them are included these works was published in the English ''[[Écrits: A SelectionEnglish]]'' (1977). {{LA}}pp. 5–6, 21, 28–29, 33–39, 65, 75, 88, 90–91, 95–96, 98, 103, 108–110, 118–119, 125–126, 128–132, 135–139, 151–153, 158, 161–169

<!--==See Also=={{See}}* [[Category:People|Lacan, JacquesPsychoanalysis]]* [[Category:PsychoanalysisPsychology]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Return to Freud]]* [[Category:IndexInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Ego-psychology]]* [[Category:Slavoj ŽižekKleinian psychoanalysis]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Object-relations theory]]{{Also}}--> ==External Links==[[Categoryhttp:Looking Awry|Lacan, Jacques]//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan Wikipedia Entry]