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{{JL}}[[Image:Lacan_4Jacques-lacan-4.jpg|framethumb|250px|right]]<!-- {{Infobox_Scientist| name = Jacques Lacan| image = Lacan3.jpg| image_width = 200px| caption = | birth_date = [[13 April]] [[1901]]| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| death_date = [[9 September]] [[1981]]| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| residence = | citizenship = France| nationality = | ethnicity = | field = [[Psychology]]| work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }}-->[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially the post-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]] is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]]. His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.

<!--{| style="line-height:1.5em;valign:top;width:50%;text-align:left;"|class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%;border:0px solid #cccccc;background-color:#ffffff;vertical-align:top"|{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:left;line-height:2em;vertical-align:top;background-color:#ffffff"|-|style="text-align:left;color:#000;line-height:2.5em;align:justify;"||{| width="100%" style="text-align:left;font-size:.95em;line-height:2em;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:3px;" |{{See}}:1. [[Jacques Lacan#Biography|Jacques-Marie Émile LacanBiography]] (:2. [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901Theory|April 13, 1901Theory]] – ||:3. [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981Practice|September 9, 1981Practice]]) was a :4. [[FrenchJacques Lacan#Bibliography|Bibliography]] ||:5. [[psychiatristJacques Lacan#See Also|See Also]] and :6. [[psychoanalystJacques Lacan#References|References]].{{Also}}|}|}|}-->

He is one of the most important -- and most controversial -- figures in the history of ==Biography==<blockquote>''[[psychoanalysis]], but is also acknowledged Chronology|Click here for his influence across a wide range more complete chronology of disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. ==Life==''[[Chronology|Click here]] for a more complete chronology of [[Jacques Lacan]]'Jacques Lacan''''s life]].''</blockquote>===Early ;1901:13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan===In 1927, is [[Lacanborn]] begins his in Paris, to a [[treatment|clincial trainingfamily]] in of solid [[psychiatryCatholic]] at the [[Sainte-Anne hospitaltradition]]. He is educated at the collège Stanislas, where a Jesuit school. After his ''baccalauréat'' he would later teach. In 1932, studies [[Lacanmedicine]] completes his doctoral thesis -- ''and later [[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personality|De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalitépsychiatry]].;1927: Starts clinical [[training]]'' (", works at [[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personality|On Paranoid Psychosis and Its Relations to the PersonalitySainte-Anne's hospital]]"). In 1936, A year later he works in the Special Infirmary Service where [[LacanClérambault]] presents his paper on the had a [[mirror stagepractice]] at a conference of the '''.;1932:Awarded doctorate for his [[International Psychoanalytical Associationthesis]], ''' ([[IPADe la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité]]) in Marienbad''.;1933In 1953:The richness of his thesis, especially the [[Lacananalysis]] begins his first public of the [[seminarcase]] in of [[Hôpital Sainte-AnneAimée]]. In 1938, makes him famous with the [[LacanSurrealist]] becomes a member of the '''s. BEtween this year and 1939 he takes [[Société psychanalytique de ParisKojève]]''' (s course at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes [[SPPEtudes]]), a member body of an "Introduction to the [[IPAreading]]. In 1953, of [[LacanHegel]].";1934:He [[marries]] is elected president of the [[SPPMarie-Louise]]. HoweverBlondon, six months later he resigns from the [[SPPmother]] to join the '''of [[Société Française de PsychanalyseCaroline]]''' (, [[SFPThibaut]]) with and [[Daniel LagacheSibylle]] and . While in analysis with Rudolph [[Francoise DoltoLoewenstein]] among others. From 1954 to 1963, after Lacan becomes a series member of requests and a lengthy committee investigation, the ''[[SFP]] is granted [[IPASociété Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]] affiliation as a member society on condition that [[Lacan]] be removed from the list of '' ([[trainingSociété psychanalytique de Paris|training analystsSPP]]).;1940In 1963:Works at Val-de-Grâce, the military hospital in Paris. During the [[LacanGerman]] resigns from the Occupation, he does not take part in any [[SFPofficial]] and founds his own [[school[activity]].;1946:In 1946, the '''[[École Freudienne de ParisSPP]]''' (resumes its activities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training [[EFPanalyses]]). In 1980, and supervisory [[Lacancontrol]] dissolves the and plays an important [[EFPtheoretical]] and creates in its stead the '''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneinstitutional [[role]]'''.;1951In 1981, the ''':The [[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneSPP]]''' is dissolved and begins to raise the issue of Lacan'''s [[École de la Cause freudienneshort sessions]]''' is created , as opposed to replace itthe standard analytical hour.;1953:In January Lacan is elected President of the [[Image:Lacan3.gif|frame|leftSPP]]==Development== . Six months later he resigns to join the ''[[LacanSociété Française de Psychanalyse]]'s ' ([[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|workSFP]] has transformed ) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[psychoanalysisothers]]. In Rome, both as a Lacan delivers his report, "'''theory''' and as a '''practice'[[Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage]]''". In the 1950s, On 17 July he marries [[LacanSylvia]] emphasized the role Maklès, mother of [[languageJudith]] (and the . That autumn Lacan starts his [[symbolic orderseminar]]) in s at the [[psychoanalysisHôspital Sainte-Anne]] and formulated his most important thesis.;1954: that ''The first ten [[seminar]]s elaborate fundamental notions [[about]] [[psychoanalytic]] [[technique]], the unconscious is structured like a language''essential [[concepts]] of [[psychoanalysis]], and its [[ethics]]. (This was an extraordinarily innovative During this period for Lacan and he introduced many of writes, on the concepts that would preoccupy him for the rest basis of his career.) =====Structuralism=====seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the major [[Lacantexts]] drew on a field of study known as 'that are found in ''[[StructuralismEcrits]]''' and on '''in 1966.;1956:Celebrities are attracted to his seminars ([[linguistics|linguistic theoryJean Hyppolite]]'''. s analysis of [[Claude Lévi-StraussFreud]]'s article on ''elementary Dé[[structurenégation]] of kinship'' provided , given during the basis for first seminar, is a well-known example). [[LacanAlexandre Koyré]]'s conception of the , Claude Lévi-[[symbolicStrauss]] , Maurice [[orderMerleau-Ponty]] , and the formation of the [[unconscious]]ethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses. ;1962:[[Lévi-StraussSFP]]'s members [[structuralism|structural anthropologywant]] was facilitated to be recognized by the work of the Swiss [[linguistics|linguistInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[Ferdinand de SaussureIPA]] (1857-1913) and it was through . The [[Lévi-StraussIPA]] that [issues an ultimatum: Lacan's [Lacan[name]] began to read must be crossed off the [[linguisticslist]]of didacticians.;1963In :Two weeks before the process he made radical and far-reaching changes to [[Saussure]]'s concept expiry of the [[linguistics|linguistic]] [[sign]]deadline set by the IPA (31 October), completely reversing any conventional understanding the committee of didacticians of the relationship between the [[speech|speaking]] [[subjectSFP]] gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and [[language]]pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians. ;1964Finally, we will look at the Russian :Lacanians [[linguistics|linguistform]] a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan official founds the ''[[Roman JakobsonEcole Française de Psychanalyse]]'s (1896-1982) work on ', which soon becomes the ''[[metaphorEcole Freudienne de Paris]] and '' ([[metonymyEFP]], as this was crucially important for ). With [[LacanLévi-Strauss]]'s conceptualization of and [[desireAlthusser]]'s support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. ;1965:In January Lacan begins his new seminar on "[[LacanThe Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]'s conception " at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of the [[subjectanalysts]] as constituted and young students in and through philosophy at the ENS, notably [[languageJacques-Alain Miller]]. ;1966:[[Ecrits]], Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the [[EFP]], extending far beyond the intelligentsia.;1967:Lacan presents the ''[[Acte]] de Fondation'' of the [[EFP]]; its novelty lies in the procedure of ''[[passe]]''. The ''[[passe]]'' consists of testifying, in front of two ''passeurs'', to one's [[experience]] as an analysand and especially to the crucial [[moment]] of passage from the [[position]] of [[analysand]] to that of [[analyst]]. The ''passeurs'' are chosen by their [[analyst]]s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same [[stage]] in their [[analytic]] experience as the ''passant''. They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[analyste]] de l'école'' (analyst of the school). This committee's function is to select the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[process]], a 'work of [[doctrine]]'.;1969:The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[life]]. "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the [[university]] that follows May [[1968]]: "If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has no [[place]] in the university, which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'[[Analyse]]'' has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon. ;1974:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacan its director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] its president.;1980:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[state]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]]'', later renamed the ''[[Ecole de la Cause freudienne]]''.;1981:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.<!--;1901 - 1938:[[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] - at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] in [[Marienbad]].;1938 - 1953 :[[Lacan]] is a member of the ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''.;1953 - 1963:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his [[death]]). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial [[figure]] in the international psychoanalytic [[community]].;1963 - 1980:[[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' . Following the publication of the [[Écrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.--><!--{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="2" align=====Structuralism====="center" bgcolor="ffffff" style="background:#ffffff;width:100%; height:200px; text-align:center; line-height:2.0em;"| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>| align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]].He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] -- his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] -- at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]) in Marienbad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] is a member of the ([[IPA]] affiliated) ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' ([[SPP]]) until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]).|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] begins his first public [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his death). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] (after his "[[expulsion]]" from the [[IPA]]) and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]). Following the publication of the [[Écrits]] (1966), there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1981]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''.However, [[Lacan]] soon dissolves the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]'' and replaces it with the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne]]''.|}-->

[[Image:Lacan3.jpg|frame|right]]<blockquote>''[[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|Click here]] for a more [[complete ]] [[bibliography ]] of [[Jacques Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]].''</blockquote> [[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. In 1966, a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; fewer than one-third of them are included in the English ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]'' (1977).

{{LA}}pp[[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. 5–6In 1966, 21, 28–29, 33–39, 65, 75, 88, 90–91, 95–96, 98, 103, 108–110, 118–119, 125–126, 128–132, 135–139, 151–153, 158, 161–169a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; in 2006 a complete edition of these works was published in [[English]].

<!--==See Also=={{See}}* [[Category:People|Lacan, JacquesPsychoanalysis]]* [[Category:PsychoanalysisPsychology]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Return to Freud]]* [[Category:IndexInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Ego-psychology]]* [[Category:Slavoj ŽižekKleinian psychoanalysis]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Object-relations theory]]{{Also}}--> ==External Links==[[Categoryhttp:Looking Awry|Lacan, Jacques]//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan Wikipedia Entry]