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{{JL}}[[Image:Lacan_4Jacques-lacan-4.jpg|framethumb|250px|right]]<!-- {{Infobox_Scientist| name = Jacques Lacan| image = Lacan3.jpg| image_width = 200px| caption = | birth_date = [[13 April]] [[1901]]| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| death_date = [[9 September]] [[1981]]| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| residence = | citizenship = France| nationality = | ethnicity = | field = [[Psychology]]| work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }}-->[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially the post-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]] is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]]. His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.

<!--{| style="line-height:1.5em;valign:top;width:50%;text-align:left;"|class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%;border:0px solid #cccccc;background-color:#ffffff;vertical-align:top"|{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:left;line-height:2em;vertical-align:top;background-color:#ffffff"|-|style="text-align:left;color:#000;line-height:2.5em;align:justify;"||{| width="100%" style="text-align:left;font-size:.95em;line-height:2em;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:3px;" |{{See}}:1. [[Jacques Lacan#Biography|Jacques-Marie Émile LacanBiography]] (:2. [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901Theory|April 13, 1901Theory]] – ||:3. [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981Practice|September 9, 1981Practice]]) was a :4. [[FrenchJacques Lacan#Bibliography|Bibliography]] ||:5. [[psychiatristJacques Lacan#See Also|See Also]] and :6. [[psychoanalystJacques Lacan#References|References]].{{Also}}|}|}|}-->

He is one of the most important -- and most controversial -- figures in the history of ==Biography==<blockquote>''[[psychoanalysis]], but is also acknowledged for his influence across a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. ==Life==''[[Chronology|Click Chronology|Click here for a more complete chronology of '''Jacques Lacan''''s life]].''</blockquote>;1901===Early :13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan===In 1927, is [[Lacanborn]] begins his in Paris, to a [[treatment|clincial trainingfamily]] in of solid [[psychiatryCatholic]] at the [[Sainte-Anne hospitaltradition]]. He is educated at the collège Stanislas, where he would later teacha Jesuit school. In 1932, After his ''baccalauréat'' he studies [[Lacanmedicine]] completes his doctoral thesis -- ''and later [[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personality|De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalitépsychiatry]].;1927: Starts clinical [[training]]'' (", works at [[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personality|On Paranoid Psychosis and Its Relations to the PersonalitySainte-Anne's hospital]]"). In 1936, A year later he works in the Special Infirmary Service where [[LacanClérambault]] presents his paper on the had a [[mirror stagepractice]] at a conference of the '''.;1932:Awarded doctorate for his [[International Psychoanalytical Associationthesis]], ''' ([[IPA[De la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité]]) in Marienbad''.;1933In 1953:The richness of his thesis, especially the [[Lacananalysis]] begins his first public of the [[seminarcase]] in of [[Hôpital Sainte-AnneAimée]]. In 1938, makes him famous with the [[LacanSurrealist]] becomes a member of the '''s. BEtween this year and 1939 he takes [[Société psychanalytique de ParisKojève]]''' (s course at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes [[SPPEtudes]]), a member body of an "Introduction to the [[IPAreading]].of [[Hegel]].";1934In 1953:He [[marries]] [[Marie-Louise]] Blondon, [[Lacanmother]] is elected president of the [[SPPCaroline]]. However, six months later he resigns from the , [[SPPThibaut]] to join the '''and [[Société Française de PsychanalyseSibylle]]''' (. While in analysis with Rudolph [[SFPLoewenstein]]) with , Lacan becomes a member of the ''[[[Daniel LagacheSociété Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]]] and []'' ([Francoise Dolto[Société psychanalytique de Paris|SPP]] among others).;1940From 1954 to 1963, after a series of requests and a lengthy committee investigation:Works at Val-de-Grâce, the military hospital in Paris. During the [[SFPGerman]] is granted Occupation, he does not take part in any [[IPAofficial]] affiliation as a member society on condition that [[Lacanactivity]] be removed from .;1946:In 1946, the list of [[training|training analystsSPP]]. In 1963resumes its activities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training [[Lacananalyses]] resigns from the and supervisory [[SFPcontrol]] and founds his own plays an important [[schooltheoretical]], the '''and institutional [[École Freudienne de Parisrole]]''' (.;1951:The [[EFPSPP]]). In 1980, begins to raise the issue of Lacan's [[Lacanshort sessions]] dissolves , as opposed to the [[EFPstandard analytical hour.;1953:In January Lacan is elected President of the [[SPP]] and creates in its stead . Six months later he resigns to join the '''[[École Société Française de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudiennePsychanalyse]]'''. In 1981, the '''([[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneSFP]]) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[others]]''' is dissolved and the '. In Rome, Lacan delivers his report, "''[[École Fonction et champ de la Cause freudienneparole et du langage]]''' is created to replace it".  On 17 July he marries [[Image:Lacan3.gif|frame|leftSylvia]] ==Development== Maklès, mother of [[LacanJudith]]'s . That autumn Lacan starts his [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|workseminar]] has transformed s at the [[psychoanalysisHôspital Sainte-Anne]], both as a '''theory''' and as a '''practice'''.;1954In the 1950s, :The first ten [[Lacanseminar]]s elaborate fundamental notions [[about]] [[psychoanalytic]] emphasized the role of [[languagetechnique]] (and , the essential [[symbolic orderconcepts]]) in of [[psychoanalysis]] , and formulated his most important thesis: that ''the unconscious is structured like a language''its [[ethics]]. (This was an extraordinarily innovative During this period for Lacan and he introduced many writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the concepts that would preoccupy him for the rest of his career.) =====Structuralism=====major [[Lacantexts]] drew on a field of study known as 'that are found in ''[[StructuralismEcrits]]''' and on '''in 1966.;1956:Celebrities are attracted to his seminars ([[linguistics|linguistic theoryJean Hyppolite]]'''. s analysis of [[Claude Lévi-StraussFreud]]'s article on ''elementary Dé[[structurenégation]] of kinship'' provided , given during the basis for first seminar, is a well-known example). [[LacanAlexandre Koyré]]'s conception of the , Claude Lévi-[[symbolicStrauss]] , Maurice [[orderMerleau-Ponty]] , and the formation of the [[unconscious]]ethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses. ;1962:[[Lévi-StraussSFP]]'s members [[structuralism|structural anthropologywant]] was facilitated to be recognized by the work of the Swiss [[linguistics|linguistInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[Ferdinand de SaussureIPA]] (1857-1913) and it was through . The [[Lévi-StraussIPA]] that [[issues an ultimatum: Lacan's [[name]] began to read must be crossed off the [[linguisticslist]]of didacticians.;1963In :Two weeks before the process he made radical and far-reaching changes to [[Saussure]]'s concept expiry of the [[linguistics|linguistic]] [[sign]]deadline set by the IPA (31 October), completely reversing any conventional understanding the committee of didacticians of the relationship between the [[speech|speaking]] [[subjectSFP]] gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and [[language]]pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians. ;1964Finally, we will look at the Russian :Lacanians [[linguistics|linguistform]] a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan official founds the ''[[Roman JakobsonEcole Française de Psychanalyse]]'s (1896-1982) work on ', which soon becomes the ''[[metaphorEcole Freudienne de Paris]] and '' ([[metonymyEFP]], as this was crucially important for ). With [[LacanLévi-Strauss]]'s conceptualization of and [[desireAlthusser]]'s support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. ;1965:In January Lacan begins his new seminar on "[[LacanThe Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]'s conception " at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of the [[subjectanalysts]] as constituted and young students in and through philosophy at the ENS, notably [[languageJacques-Alain Miller]]. ;1966:[[Ecrits]], Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the [[EFP]], extending far beyond the intelligentsia.;1967:Lacan presents the ''[[Acte]] de Fondation'' of the [[EFP]]; its novelty lies in the procedure of ''[[passe]]''. The ''[[passe]]'' consists of testifying, in front of two ''passeurs'', to one's [[experience]] as an analysand and especially to the crucial [[moment]] of passage from the [[position]] of [[analysand]] to that of [[analyst]]. The ''passeurs'' are chosen by their [[analyst]]s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same [[stage]] in their [[analytic]] experience as the ''passant''. They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[analyste]] de l'école'' (analyst of the school). This committee's function is to select the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[process]], a 'work of [[doctrine]]'.;1969:The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[life]]. "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the [[university]] that follows May [[1968]]: "If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has no [[place]] in the university, which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'[[Analyse]]'' has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon. ;1974:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacan its director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] its president.;1980:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[state]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]]'', later renamed the ''[[Ecole de la Cause freudienne]]''.;1981:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.<!--;1901 - 1938:[[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] - at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] in [[Marienbad]].;1938 - 1953 :[[Lacan]] is a member of the ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''.;1953 - 1963:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his [[death]]). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial [[figure]] in the international psychoanalytic [[community]].;1963 - 1980:[[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' . Following the publication of the [[Écrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.--><!--{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="2" align=====Structuralism====="center" bgcolor="ffffff" style="background:#ffffff;width:100%; height:200px; text-align:center; line-height:2.0em;"| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>| align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]].He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] -- his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] -- at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]) in Marienbad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] is a member of the ([[IPA]] affiliated) ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' ([[SPP]]) until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]).|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] begins his first public [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his death). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] (after his "[[expulsion]]" from the [[IPA]]) and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]). Following the publication of the [[Écrits]] (1966), there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1981]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''.However, [[Lacan]] soon dissolves the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]'' and replaces it with the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne]]''.|}-->

[[Image:Lacan3.jpg|frame|right]]<blockquote>''[[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|Click here]] for a more [[complete ]] [[bibliography ]] of [[Jacques Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]].''</blockquote>

[[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. In 1966, a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; fewer than one-third in 2006 a complete edition of them are included these works was published in the English ''[[Écrits: A SelectionEnglish]]'' (1977). {{LA}}pp. 5–6, 21, 28–29, 33–39, 65, 75, 88, 90–91, 95–96, 98, 103, 108–110, 118–119, 125–126, 128–132, 135–139, 151–153, 158, 161–169

<!--==See Also=={{See}}* [[Category:People|Lacan, JacquesPsychoanalysis]]* [[Category:PsychoanalysisPsychology]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Return to Freud]]* [[Category:IndexInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Ego-psychology]]* [[Category:Slavoj ŽižekKleinian psychoanalysis]]||Lacan, Jacques* [[Object-relations theory]]{{Also}}--> ==External Links==[[Categoryhttp:Looking Awry|Lacan, Jacques]//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan Wikipedia Entry]