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{{JL}}[[Image:BoardJacques-lacan-4.jpg|framethumb|250px|right]]<!-- {{Infobox_Scientist| name = Jacques Lacan| image = Lacan3.jpg| image_width = 200px| caption = | birth_date = [[13 April]] [[1901]]| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| death_date = [[9 September]] [[1981]]| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| residence = | citizenship = France| nationality = | ethnicity = | field = [[Psychology]]| work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }}-->[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques -Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacaninfluenced France's intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially the post-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]] is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]]. His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.

[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|April 13, 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|September 9, 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychiatrist]] and [[psychoanalyst]]. He is one of the most important -- and most controversial -<!- figures in the history of [[psychoanalysis]], but is also acknowledged for his far-reaching influence across a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. {| style="line-height:1.5em;valign:top;width:10050%;text-align:left;"

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<blockquote>''[[Chronology|Click here for a more complete chronology of '''Jacques Lacan''''s life]].''</blockquote>;1901Born :13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan is [[born]] in Paris of , to a bourgeois Catholic family in 1901,  [[Lacanfamily]] took up the study of medicine and pursues solid [[[training|clinical trainingCatholic]] in [[psychiatrytradition]] in the 1920s.  In He is educated at the 1930scollège Stanislas, [[Lacan]] earned a medical degree in Jesuit school. After his ''baccalauréat'' he studies [[psychiatrymedicine]], publishing a thesis on and later [[paranoia|paranoid aggressivity]] as a strategy of self-punishmentpsychiatry]]. ;1927In 1927, [[Lacan]] begins his : Starts clinical [[treatment|clincial training]] in [[psychiatry]] , works at the [[Sainte-Anne 's hospital]], where he would . A year later teachhe works in the Special Infirmary Service where [[Clérambault]] had a [[practice]].;1932In 1932, :Awarded doctorate for his [[Lacanthesis]] completes his doctoral thesis -- ', ''[[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personality|De la psychose paranoiaque paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personalitépersonnalité]]'' (".;1933:The richness of his thesis, especially the [[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to analysis]] of the personality|On Paranoid Psychosis and Its Relations to the Personality[[case]]"). In 1936, of [[LacanAimée]] presents his paper on , makes him famous with the [[mirror stageSurrealist]] at a conference of the '''s. BEtween this year and 1939 he takes [[International Psychoanalytical AssociationKojève]]''' (s course at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes [[IPAEtudes]]) in Marienbad. In 1953, an "Introduction to the [[Lacanreading]] begins his first public of [[seminarHegel]] in .";1934:He [[Hôpital Saintemarries]] [[Marie-AnneLouise]]. In 1938Blondon, [[Lacanmother]] becomes a member of the '''[[Société psychanalytique de ParisCaroline]]''' (, [[SPPThibaut]]), a member body of the and [[IPASibylle]]. In 1953, While in analysis with Rudolph [[LacanLoewenstein]] is elected president , Lacan becomes a member of the ''[[SPP[Société Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]]. However, six months later he resigns from the [[SPP]] to join the '''([[Société Française psychanalytique de Psychanalyse]]''' ([[SFPParis|SPP]]) with [[Daniel Lagache].;1940:Works at Val-de-Grâce, the military hospital in Paris. During the [[German]] Occupation, he does not take part in any [[official]] and [[Francoise Doltoactivity]] among others.;1946From 1954 to 1963:In 1946, the [[SPP]] resumes its activities and Lacan, after a series of requests with Nacht and a lengthy committee investigationLagache, the takes charge of training [[SFPanalyses]] is granted and supervisory [[IPAcontrol]] affiliation as a member society on condition that and plays an important [[Lacantheoretical]] be removed from the list of and institutional [[training|training analystsrole]].;1951In 1963, :The [[LacanSPP]] resigns from begins to raise the issue of Lacan's [[SFP]] and founds his own [[schoolshort sessions]], as opposed to the standard analytical hour.;1953:In January Lacan is elected President of the '''[[École Freudienne de ParisSPP]]. Six months later he resigns to join the ''' ([[EFPSociété Française de Psychanalyse]]). In 1980, '' ([[LacanSFP]] dissolves the ) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[EFPothers]] and creates in its stead the '. In Rome, Lacan delivers his report, "''[[École Fonction et champ de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneparole et du langage]]'''". In 1981, the ''' On 17 July he marries [[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneSylvia]]''' is dissolved and the '''Maklès, mother of [[École de la Cause freudienneJudith]]''' is created to replace it.  That autumn Lacan starts his [[Image:Lacan3.gif|frame|leftseminar]]s at the [[Hôspital Sainte-Anne]].;1954 ==Theory==:The first ten [[Lacanseminar]]'s elaborate fundamental notions [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|workabout]] has transformed [[psychoanalysispsychoanalytic]] [[technique]], both as a '''theory''' and as a '''practice'''. In the 1950s, essential [[Lacanconcepts]] emphasized the role of [[languagepsychoanalysis]] (, and the its [[symbolic orderethics]]) . During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the major [[psychoanalysistexts]] and formulated his most important thesis: that that are found in ''the unconscious is structured like a language[[Ecrits]]''in 1966.;1956:Celebrities are attracted to his seminars (This was an extraordinarily innovative period for Lacan and he introduced many of the concepts that would preoccupy him for the rest [[Jean Hyppolite]]'s analysis of his career.) [[LacanFreud]] drew 's article on a field of study known as '''Dé[[Structuralismnégation]]''' and on ''', given during the first seminar, is a well-known example). [[linguistics|linguistic theoryAlexandre Koyré]]'''. [[, Claude Lévi-[[Strauss]]'s ''elementary , Maurice [[structureMerleau-Ponty]] of kinship'' provided the basis for , and ethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses.;1962:[[LacanSFP]]'s conception of the members [[symbolicwant]] to be recognized by the [[orderInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]] and the formation of the ([[unconsciousIPA]]).   The [[Lévi-StraussIPA]]issues an ultimatum: Lacan's [[structuralism|structural anthropologyname]] was facilitated by must be crossed off the work of the Swiss [[linguistics|linguistlist]] of didacticians.;1963:Two weeks before the expiry of the deadline set by the IPA (31 October), the committee of didacticians of the [[Ferdinand de SaussureSFP]] (1857-1913) gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and it was through pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians.;1964:Lacanians [[Lévi-Straussform]] that [a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan official founds the ''[[LacanEcole Française de Psychanalyse]] began to read '', which soon becomes the ''[[linguisticsEcole Freudienne de Paris]]. In the process he made radical and far-reaching changes to '' ([[SaussureEFP]]'s concept of the ). With [[linguistics|linguisticLévi-Strauss]] and [[signAlthusser]]'s support, completely reversing any conventional understanding of the relationship between he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.;1965:In January Lacan begins his new seminar on "[[speech|speakingThe Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]] " at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of [[subjectanalysts]] and young students in philosophy at the ENS, notably [[languageJacques-Alain Miller]]. ;1966Finally, we will look at the Russian :[[linguistics|linguistEcrits]] , Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the [[Roman JakobsonEFP]]'s (1896-1982) work on , extending far beyond the intelligentsia.;1967:Lacan presents the ''[[metaphorActe]] and de Fondation'' of the [[metonymyEFP]], as this was crucially important for ; its novelty lies in the procedure of ''[[Lacanpasse]]'s conceptualization of [[desire]]'.   The ''[[Lacanpasse]]'s conception ' consists of the [[subject]] as constituted testifying, in front of two ''passeurs'', to one's [[experience]] as an analysand and through especially to the crucial [[languagemoment]] of passage from the [[position]] of [[analysand]] to that of [[analyst]]. The ''passeurs'' are chosen by their [[analyst]]s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same [[stage]] in their [[analytic]] experience as the ''passant''. They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[analyste]] de l'école'' (analyst of the school). This committee's function is to select the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[process]], a 'work of [[doctrine]]'.;1969:The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[life]]. "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the [[university]] that follows May [[1968]]: "If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has no [[place]] in the university, which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'[[Analyse]]'' has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon. ;1974:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacan its director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] its president.;1980:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[state]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]]'', later renamed the ''[[Ecole de la Cause freudienne]]''.;1981:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.<!--;1901 - 1938:[[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] - at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] in [[Marienbad]].;1938 - 1953 :[[Lacan]] is a member of the ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''.;1953 - 1963:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his [[death]]). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial [[figure]] in the international psychoanalytic [[community]].;1963 - 1980:[[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' . Following the publication of the [[Écrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.--><!--{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="2" align="center" bgcolor="ffffff" style="background:#ffffff;width:100%; height:200px; text-align:center; line-height:2.0em;"| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>| align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]].He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] -- his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] -- at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]) in Marienbad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] is a member of the ([[IPA]] affiliated) ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' ([[SPP]]) until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]).|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] begins his first public [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his death). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] (after his "[[expulsion]]" from the [[IPA]]) and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]). Following the publication of the [[Écrits]] (1966), there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1981]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''.However, [[Lacan]] soon dissolves the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]'' and replaces it with the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne]]''.|}-->

[[Image:Lacan3.jpg|frame|right]]<blockquote>''[[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|Click here]] for a more [[complete ]] [[bibliography ]] of [[Jacques Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]].''</blockquote> [[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. In 1966, a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; fewer than one-third of them are included in the English ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]'' (1977). 

[[Category:PsychoanalysisJacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]<!-- [[Category:Index|Lacan, Jacques]]-->[[Category:Slavoj Žižek|Lacan, Jacques]]<!-- [[Category:Looking Awry|Lacan, Jacques]]-->