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{{JL}}[[Image:JOYCEJacques-lacan-4.jpg|thumb|300px250px|right]]<!-- {{Infobox_Scientist| name = Jacques Lacan| image = Lacan3.jpg| image_width = 200px| caption = | birth_date = [[13 April]] [[1901]]| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| death_date = [[9 September]] [[1981]]| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| residence = | citizenship = France| nationality = | ethnicity = | field = [[Psychology]]| work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }}-->[[Jacques Lacan gives |Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the opening lecture at 1960s and the 1970s, especially the International James Joyce Symposiumin in Parispost-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]] is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], 1975and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]].His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.

[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|April 13, 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|September 9, 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychiatrist]] and [[psychoanalyst]]. He is one of the most important -- and most controversial -<!- figures in the history of [[psychoanalysis]], but is also acknowledged for his far-reaching influence across a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. {| style="line-height:1.5em;valign:top;width:10050%;text-align:left;"

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<blockquote>''[[Chronology|Click here for a more complete chronology of '''Jacques Lacan''''s life]].''</blockquote>;1901  :13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan is [[Lacanborn]] was born in Paris , to a bourgeois [[family]] of solid [[Catholic family, and was ]] [[tradition]]. He is educated at the collège Stanislas, a Jesuit school. After his ''baccalauréat'' he studies [[medicine]] and later [[psychiatry]].;1927: Starts clinical [[training]], works at [[Sainte-Anne's hospital]]. A year later he works in the Special Infirmary Service where [[LacanClérambault]] trained as had a medical doctor specializing in [[practice]].;1932:Awarded doctorate for his [[thesis]], ''[[De la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité]]''.;1933:The richness of his thesis, especially the [[analysis]] of the [[case]] of [[Aimée]], makes him famous with the [[Surrealist]]s. BEtween this year and 1939 he takes [[Kojève]]'s course at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes [[Etudes]], an "Introduction to the [[reading]] of [[Hegel]].";1934:He studied medicine [[marries]] [[Marie-Louise]] Blondon, [[mother]] of [[Caroline]], [[Thibaut]] and later [[psychiatrySibylle]]. While in analysis with Rudolph [[Loewenstein]], Lacan becomes a member of the ''[[[Société Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]]]]'' ([[Société psychanalytique de Paris|SPP]]).;1940:Works at Val-de-Grâce, the military hospital in Paris. During the [[German]] Occupation, he does not take part in any [[official]] [[activity]].;1946:In 19271946, the [[SPP]] resumes its activities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training [[analyses]] began and supervisory [[control]] and plays an important [[theoretical]] and institutional [[role]].;1951:The [[SPP]] begins to raise the issue of Lacan's [[short sessions]], as opposed to the standard analytical hour.;1953:In January Lacan is elected President of the [[SPP]]. Six months later he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[others]]. In Rome, Lacan delivers his report, "''[[treatment|clincial trainingFonction et champ de la parole et du langage]]''". On 17 July he marries [[Sylvia]] Maklès, mother of [[Judith]]. That autumn Lacan starts his [[seminar]] s at the [[Hôspital Sainte-Anne hospital]].;1954:The first ten [[seminar]]s elaborate fundamental notions [[about]] [[psychoanalytic]] [[technique]], the essential [[concepts]] of [[psychoanalysis]], and its [[ethics]]. During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the major [[texts]] that are found in ''[[Ecrits]]'' in 1966.;1956:Celebrities are attracted to his seminars ([[Jean Hyppolite]]'s analysis of [[Freud]]'s article on ''Dé[[négation]]'', given during the first seminar, is a well-known example). [[Alexandre Koyré]], Claude Lévi-[[Strauss]], Maurice [[Merleau-Ponty]], and ethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses.;1962:[[SFP]] members [[want]] to be recognized by the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]). The [[IPA]] issues an ultimatum: Lacan's [[name]] must be crossed off the [[list]] of didacticians.;1963In 1932:Two weeks before the expiry of the deadline set by the IPA (31 October), the committee of didacticians of the [[SFP]] gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians.;1964:Lacanians [[form]] a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacanofficial founds the ''[[Ecole Française de Psychanalyse]]'', which soon becomes the ''[[Ecole Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]). With [[Lévi-Strauss]] and [[Althusser]] finishes 's support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.;1965:In January Lacan begins his doctoral thesis new seminar on "[[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]" at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of [[analysts]] and young students in philosophy at the ENS, notably [[Jacques-Alain Miller]].;1966:[[Ecrits]], Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the [[EFP]], extending far beyond the intelligentsia.;1967:Lacan presents the ''[[Acte]] de Fondation'' of the [[EFP]]; its novelty lies in the procedure of ''[[passe]]''. The ''[[passe]]'' consists of testifying, in front of two ''passeurs'', to one's [[experience]] as an analysand and especially to the crucial [[moment]] of passage from the [[position]] of [[analysand]] to that of [[analyst]]. The ''passeurs'' are chosen by their [[analyst]]s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same [[stage]] in their [[analytic]] experience as the ''passant''. They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[analyste]] de l'école'' (analyst of the school). This committee's function is to select the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[paranoia|paranoidprocess]], a 'work of [[doctrine]] '.;1969:The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[psychosislife]].<ref> "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts'training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the [[university]] that follows May [[1968]]: "If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has no [[On paranoiac psychosis place]] in the university, which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'[[Analyse]]'' has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon. ;1974:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacan its relations director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] its president.;1980:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[state]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the personality|founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]]'', later renamed the ''[[Ecole de la Cause freudienne]]''.;1981:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.<!--;1901 - 1938:[[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]][[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] - at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] in [[Marienbad]].;1938 - 1953 :[[Lacan]] is a member of the ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' until he resigns to join the '' [[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''.;1953 - 1963:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]] ("which he will continue to give annually until his [[death]]). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial [[On paranoiac psychosis figure]] in its relations to the personality|On Paranoid Psychosis international psychoanalytic [[community]].;1963 - 1980:[[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] and Its Relations to founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' . Following the publication of the Personality[[Écrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.--><!--{| class=")wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="2" align="center" bgcolor="ffffff" style="background:#ffffff;width:100%; height:200px; text-align:center; line-height:2.0em;"| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-</refBR>[[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR> In 1936, | align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]].He presents his piece a paper on the [[mirror stage]] -- his first major theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] -- at an a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]] conference ) in Marienbad.|-In | width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1938, ]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] becomes is a member of the '([[IPA]] affiliated) ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]''' ([[SPP]]), affiliated with until he resigns to join the ''[[International Psycho-Analytical AssociationSociété Française de Psychanalyse]] '' ([[IPASFP]]).|-In | width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1953, ]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] begins his first public [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his death).  

|-In 1953, | width="50px" | [[Lacan{{Y}}|1963]] also resigned from the <BR>-<BR>[[SPP{{Y}}|1980]] to join the newly established '''<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Société Française de PsychanalyseLacan]]''' (leaves the [[SFP]]). In 1963, (after ten years of continued effort, the his "[[SFPexpulsion]] is finally offered [[IPA]] affiliation as a member society -- on the condition that [[Lacan]] be removed " from its list of [[training|training analysts]]. In 1963, [[Lacan]] chooses to leave the [[SFPIPA]] ) and found founds his own [[school]], the '''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]''' ([[EFP]]). Following the publication of the [[Écrits]] (1966), there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.|-In | width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1980, ]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1981]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the '''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]'''.<ref>However, [[Lacan]] states: "It is up to you to be Lacanians if you wish; I am Freudian."</ref> In 1981, soon dissolves the '''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''' is dissolved and replaces it with the '''[[École de la Cause freudienne]]''' is created to replace it. ==Theory==[[Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]] has transformed [[psychoanalysis]], both as a '''theory''' and as a '''practice'''.}In the 1950s, [[Lacan]] emphasized the role of [[language]] (and the [[symbolic order]]) in [[psychoanalysis]] and formulated his most important thesis: that ''the unconscious is structured like a language''. (This was an extraordinarily innovative period for Lacan and he introduced many of the concepts that would preoccupy him for the rest of his career.) [[Lacan]] drew on a field of study known as '''[[Structuralism]]''' and on '''[[linguistics|linguistic theory]]'''. [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]]'s ''elementary [[structure]] of kinship'' provided the basis for [[Lacan]]'s conception of the [[symbolic]] [[order]] and the formation of the [[unconscious]].  [[Lévi-Strauss]]'s [[structuralism|structural anthropology]] was facilitated by the work of the Swiss [[linguistics|linguist]] [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] (1857-1913) and it was through [[Lévi-Strauss]] that [[Lacan]] began to read [[linguistics]]. In the process he made radical and far-reaching changes to [[Saussure]]'s concept of the [[linguistics|linguistic]] [[sign]], completely reversing any conventional understanding of the relationship between the [[speech|speaking]] [[subject]] and [[language]].  Finally, we will look at the Russian [[linguistics|linguist]] [[Roman Jakobson]]'s (1896-1982) work on [[metaphor]] and [[metonymy]], as this was crucially important for [[Lacan]]'s conceptualization of [[desire]].  [[Lacan]]'s conception of the [[subject]] as constituted in and through [[language]]. >

[[Image:Lacan3.jpg|frame|right]]<blockquote>''[[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|Click here]] for a more [[complete ]] [[bibliography ]] of [[Jacques Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]].''</blockquote> [[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. In 1966, a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; fewer than one-third of them are included in the English ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]'' (1977). 

[[Category:PsychoanalysisJacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]<!-- [[Category:Index|Lacan, Jacques]]-->[[Category:Slavoj Žižek|Lacan, Jacques]]<!-- [[Category:Looking Awry|Lacan, Jacques]]-->