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{{JL}}[[Image:JOYCEJacques-lacan-4.jpg|thumb|300px250px|right]]<!-- {{Infobox_Scientist| name = Jacques Lacan| image = Lacan3.jpg| image_width = 200px| caption = | birth_date = [[13 April]] [[1901]]| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| death_date = [[9 September]] [[1981]]| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| residence = | citizenship = France| nationality = | ethnicity = | field = [[Psychology]]| work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }}-->[[Jacques Lacan gives |Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the opening lecture at 1960s and the 1970s, especially the International James Joyce Symposiumin in Parispost-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]] is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], 1975and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]].His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.
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==Biography==
<blockquote>''[[Chronology|Click here for a more complete chronology of '''Jacques Lacan''''s life]].''</blockquote>;1901 :13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan is [[Lacanborn]] was born in Paris , to a bourgeois Catholic [[family, and was ]] of solid [[Catholic]] [[tradition]]. He is educated at the collège Stanislas, a Jesuit school. He studied After his ''baccalauréat'' he studies [[medicine ]] and later [[psychiatry]]. In 1932, ;1927: Starts clinical [[Lacantraining]] finishes his doctoral thesis on , works at [[paranoia|paranoidSainte-Anne's hospital]] . A year later he works in the Special Infirmary Service where [[psychosisClérambault]].<ref>had a [[practice]].;1932:Awarded doctorate for his [[thesis]], ''[[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personality|De la psychose paranoiaque paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personalitépersonnalité]]'' (".;1933:The richness of his thesis, especially the [[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personality|On Paranoid Psychosis and Its Relations to the Personalityanalysis]]").</ref> In 1936, of the [[case]] of [[LacanAimée]] presents his piece on , makes him famous with the [[mirror stageSurrealist]] -- his first major theoretical contribution to s. BEtween this year and 1939 he takes [[psychoanalysisKojève]] -- 's course at an the Ecole Pratique des Hautes [[IPAEtudes]] conference in Marienbad. In 1938, an "Introduction to the [[Lacanreading]] becomes a member of the '''[[Société psychanalytique de ParisHegel]]''' (.";1934:He [[SPPmarries]])[[Marie-Louise]] Blondon, affiliated with the [[International Psycho-Analytical Associationmother]] (of [[IPACaroline]]). In 1953, [[LacanThibaut]] begins his first public and [[seminarSibylle]] (which he will continue to give annually until his death). Thereafter While in analysis with Rudolph [[Loewenstein]], he rises to become Lacan becomes a renowned and controversial figure in member of the international psychoanalytic community. In 1953, ''[[[LacanSociété Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]]] also resigned from the [[SPP]] to join the newly established '''([[Société Française psychanalytique de Psychanalyse]]''' ([[SFPParis|SPP]]). In 1963, after ten years of continued effort;1940:Works at Val-de-Grâce, the military hospital in Paris. During the [[SFPGerman]] is finally offered Occupation, he does not take part in any [[IPAofficial]] affiliation as a member society -- on [[activity]].;1946:In 1946, the condition that [[LacanSPP]] be removed from resumes its list activities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training [[training|training analystsanalyses]]. In 1963, and supervisory [[Lacancontrol]] chooses to leave the and plays an important [[SFPtheoretical]] and found his own institutional [[schoolrole]], the '''.;1951:The [[École Freudienne de ParisSPP]]begins to raise the issue of Lacan''' (s [[EFPshort sessions]]). In 1980, as opposed to the standard analytical hour.;1953:In January Lacan is elected President of the [[LacanSPP]] single-handedly dissolves . Six months later he resigns to join the ''[[EFPSociété Française de Psychanalyse]] and creates in its stead the '''([[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneSFP]]''') with D. Lagache, F.<ref>Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[Lacanothers]] states: "It is up to you to be Lacanians if you wish; I am Freudian."</ref> In 1981Rome, Lacan delivers his report, the '"''[[École Fonction et champ de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneparole et du langage]]''' is dissolved and the '''". On 17 July he marries [[École de la Cause freudienneSylvia]] Maklès, mother of [[Judith]]''' is created to replace it. ==Theory== That autumn Lacan starts his [[Lacanseminar]]'s at the [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|workHôspital Sainte-Anne]].;1954:The first ten [[seminar]]s elaborate fundamental notions [[about]] [[psychoanalytic]] has transformed [[psychoanalysistechnique]], both as a '''theory''' and as a '''practice'''. In the 1950s, the essential [[[Lacanconcepts]] emphasized the role of [[languagepsychoanalysis]] (, and the its [[symbolic orderethics]]) . During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the major [[psychoanalysistexts]] and formulated his most important thesis: that are found in ''the unconscious is structured like a language[[Ecrits]]''in 1966.;1956:Celebrities are attracted to his seminars (This was an extraordinarily innovative period for Lacan and he introduced many [[Jean Hyppolite]]'s analysis of the concepts that would preoccupy him for the rest of his career.) [[LacanFreud]] drew 's article on a field of study known as '''Dé[[Structuralismnégation]]''' and on ''', given during the first seminar, is a well-known example). [[linguistics|linguistic theoryAlexandre Koyré]]'''. [[, Claude Lévi-[[Strauss]]'s ''elementary , Maurice [[structureMerleau-Ponty]] of kinship'' provided the basis for , and ethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses.;1962:[[LacanSFP]]'s conception of the members [[symbolicwant]] to be recognized by the [[orderInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]] and the formation of the ([[unconsciousIPA]]). The [[Lévi-StraussIPA]]issues an ultimatum: Lacan's [[structuralism|structural anthropologyname]] was facilitated by the work of must be crossed off the Swiss [[linguistics|linguistlist]] of didacticians.;1963:Two weeks before the expiry of the deadline set by the IPA (31 October), the committee of didacticians of the [[Ferdinand de SaussureSFP]] (1857-1913) gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and it was through pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians.;1964:Lacanians [[Lévi-Straussform]] that [[a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacanofficial founds the ''[[Ecole Française de Psychanalyse]] began to read '', which soon becomes the ''[[linguisticsEcole Freudienne de Paris]]. In the process he made radical and far-reaching changes to '' ([[SaussureEFP]]'s concept of the ). With [[linguistics|linguisticLévi-Strauss]] and [[signAlthusser]]'s support, completely reversing any conventional understanding of the relationship between he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.;1965:In January Lacan begins his new seminar on "[[speech|speakingThe Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]] " at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of [[subjectanalysts]] and young students in philosophy at the ENS, notably [[language[Jacques-Alain Miller]]. ;1966Finally, we will look at the Russian :[[linguistics|linguistEcrits]] , Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the [[Roman JakobsonEFP]]'s (1896-1982) work on , extending far beyond the intelligentsia.;1967:Lacan presents the ''[[metaphorActe]] and de Fondation'' of the [[metonymyEFP]], as this was crucially important for ; its novelty lies in the procedure of ''[[Lacanpasse]]'s conceptualization of [[desire]]'. The ''[[Lacanpasse]]'s conception ' consists of the [[subject]] as constituted testifying, in front of two ''passeurs'', to one's [[experience]] as an analysand and through especially to the crucial [[languagemoment]] of passage from the [[position]] of [[analysand]] to that of [[analyst]]. The ''passeurs'' are chosen by their [[analyst]]s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the same [[stage]] in their [[analytic]] experience as the ''passant''. They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[analyste]] de l'école'' (analyst of the school). This committee's function is to select the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[process]], a 'work of [[doctrine]]'.;1969:The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[life]]. "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the [[university]] that follows May [[1968]]: "If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has no [[place]] in the university, which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'[[Analyse]]'' has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon. ;1974:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacan its director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] its president.;1980:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[state]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]]'', later renamed the ''[[Ecole de la Cause freudienne]]''.;1981:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.<!--;1901 - 1938:[[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] - at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] in [[Marienbad]].;1938 - 1953 :[[Lacan]] is a member of the ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''.;1953 - 1963:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his [[death]]). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial [[figure]] in the international psychoanalytic [[community]].;1963 - 1980:[[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' . Following the publication of the [[Écrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.--><!--{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="2" align="center" bgcolor="ffffff" style="background:#ffffff;width:100%; height:200px; text-align:center; line-height:2.0em;"| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>| align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]].He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] -- his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] -- at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]) in Marienbad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] is a member of the ([[IPA]] affiliated) ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' ([[SPP]]) until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]).|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] begins his first public [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his death). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] (after his "[[expulsion]]" from the [[IPA]]) and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]). Following the publication of the [[Écrits]] (1966), there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1981]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''.However, [[Lacan]] soon dissolves the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]'' and replaces it with the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne]]''.|}-->
==Bibliography==
[[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. In 1966, a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; in 2006 a complete edition of these works was published in [[English]].
==References==
<references/>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Psychoanalysis]]
* [[Psychology]]
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* [[Return to Freud]]
* [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]
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* [[Ego-psychology]]
* [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]]
||
* [[Object-relations theory]]
{{Also}}
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==External Links==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan Wikipedia Entry]
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{{Jacques Lacan}}
[[Category:Psychoanalysis|Lacan, Jacques]]
[[Category:People|Lacan, Jacques]]
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