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{{JL}}[[Image:JOYCEJacques-lacan-4.jpg|thumb|300px250px|right]]<!-- {{Infobox_Scientist| name = Jacques Lacan| image = Lacan3.jpg| image_width = 200px| caption = | birth_date = [[13 April]] [[1901]]| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| death_date = [[9 September]] [[1981]]| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]| residence = | citizenship = France| nationality = | ethnicity = | field = [[Psychology]]| work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | footnotes = }}-->[[Jacques Lacan gives |Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|13 April 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|9 September 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychoanalyst]] and [[psychiatrist]] who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, [[philosophy]], and [[literary]] [[theory]]. Giving yearly [[seminars]] in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's intellectuals in the opening lecture at 1960s and the 1970s, especially the International James Joyce Symposiumin in Parispost-[[structuralist]] [[philosophers]]. His interdisciplinary [[work]] is [[Freudian]], featuring the [[unconscious]], the [[castration]] [[complex]], the ego, [[identification]], 1975and [[language]] as [[subjective]] [[perception]].His [[ideas]] have had a significant impact on [[critical theory]], [[literary theory]], twentieth-century French philosophy, [[sociology]], [[feminist]] theory and [[clinical]] psychoanalysis.

[[Jacques Lacan|Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan]] ([[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1901|April 13, 1901]] – [[Jacques Lacan:Chronology#1981|September 9, 1981]]) was a [[French]] [[psychiatrist]] and [[psychoanalyst]]. He is one of the most important -- and most controversial -<!- figures in the history of [[psychoanalysis]], but is also acknowledged for his far-reaching influence across a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. {| style="line-height:1.5em;valign:top;width:4050%;text-align:left;"

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<blockquote>''[[Chronology|Click here for a more complete chronology of '''Jacques Lacan''''s life]].''<br/blockquote>Born in Paris, ;1901<br>Medical training :13 April, Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan is [[born]] in the Paris Medical Faculty. Became Chef de Clinique in 1932, to a [[family]] of solid [[Catholic]] [[tradition]].<br>Doctoral thesis for psychiatric degree - "Paranoid psychosis and its relation to the personality" (1932). <br>Association with He is educated at the French surrealist movementcollège Stanislas, from early 1930sa Jesuit school. <br>1934 - Joined the Societe Psychanalytique de Paris. <br>1936 - Presented paper on the After his ''baccalauréat'mirror stage' to the Interna­tional Psychoanalytic Congress in Marienbadhe studies [[medicine]] and later [[psychiatry]]. <br>Until 1952 ;1927: Starts clinical [[training]], works at [[Sainte- Distinguished member of the French psychoanalytic establishmentAnne's hospital]]. Intellectual contacts with Merleau-Ponty and Levi-Strauss, through A year later he works in the College Philosophique, ParisSpecial Infirmary Service where [[Clérambault]] had a [[practice]]. <br>1953 - Presentation of the Rome Discourse. Controversy within the Paris psychoanalytic society. Daniel Lagache. followed by Lacan;1932:Awarded doctorate for his [[thesis]], formed a new Societe Fran~aise de Psychanalyse. Formation of Lacan's Seminar'[[De la psychose paranoïaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité]]''. <br>1953 to early 1960s - continuous development ;1933:The richness of ideashis thesis, par­ticularly those put forward as programme in especially the [[analysis]] of the Rome Dis­course[[case]] of [[Aimée]], involving psychoanalysis and linguistics. <br>1963 - Expelled, finally, from International Psychoanalytic Association, because of unorthodox practice makes him famous with the [[Surrealist]]s. BEtween this year and teaching methods. <br>1964 - Reformed his analytic society, calling it L1939 he takes [[Kojève]]'s course at the Ecole Freudienne de Paris. <br>1966 - Publication of his EcritsPratique des Hautes [[Etudes]], following by explosion an "Introduction to the [[reading]] of his inflience in French society[[Hegel]]. ";1934:He soon became a cultural phenomenon.<br>1966 to 1980 [[marries]] [[Marie- Increasing interest in his work in France and abroad.<br>1968 - May revolutionLouise]] Blondon, [[mother]] of [[Caroline]], [[Thibaut]] and [[Sibylle]]. While in analysis with Rudolph [[Loewenstein]], Lacan supported the students' revolt. President becomes a member of the psychoanalytic department of University of Vincennes.<br>1980 - Dissolved the Ecole Freduienne, and formed La Cause Freudienne.<br>1981 - Death [[Lacan''[[[Société Psychanalytique de Paris|Société psychanalytique de Paris]]]] was born in '' ([[Société psychanalytique de Paris to a bourgeois Catholic family, and was educated at a Jesuit school. He studied medicine and later [[psychiatry|SPP]]). In 1932;1940:Works at Val-de-Grâce, the military hospital in Paris. During the [[LacanGerman]] finishes his doctoral thesis on Occupation, he does not take part in any [[paranoia|paranoidofficial]] [[psychosisactivity]].<ref>'';1946:In 1946, the [[On paranoiac psychosis in SPP]] resumes its relations to the personality|De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalitéactivities and Lacan, with Nacht and Lagache, takes charge of training [[analyses]]'' ("and supervisory [[On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the personality|On Paranoid Psychosis control]] and Its Relations to the Personalityplays an important [[theoretical]] and institutional [[role]]").</ref>;1951In 1936, :The [[LacanSPP]] presents his piece on begins to raise the issue of Lacan's [[mirror stageshort sessions]] -- his first major theoretical contribution , as opposed to the standard analytical hour.;1953:In January Lacan is elected President of the [[psychoanalysis]] -- at an [[IPASPP]] conference in Marienbad. In 1938, Six months later he resigns to join the ''[[Lacan]] becomes a member of the '''[[Société psychanalytique Société Française de ParisPsychanalyse]]''' ([[SPPSFP]])with D. Lagache, affiliated with the [[International PsychoF. Dolto, J. Favez-Analytical Association]] (Boutonier among [[IPAothers]]). In 1953Rome, Lacan delivers his report, "''[[LacanFonction et champ de la parole et du langage]] begins his first public ''". On 17 July he marries [[Sylvia]] Maklès, mother of [[seminarJudith]] (which he will continue to give annually until . That autumn Lacan starts his death). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community. In 1953, [[Lacan[seminar]] also resigned from s at the [[SPPHôspital Sainte-Anne]] to join the newly established '''.;1954:The first ten [[Société Française de Psychanalyseseminar]]''' (s elaborate fundamental notions [[SFPabout]]). In 1963, after ten years of continued effort, the [[SFPpsychoanalytic]] is finally offered [[IPAtechnique]] affiliation as a member society -- on , the condition that essential [[Lacanconcepts]] be removed from its list of [[training|training analystspsychoanalysis]]. In 1963, and its [[Lacanethics]] chooses to leave . During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addresses in colloquia, the major [[SFPtexts]] and that are found his own in ''[[schoolEcrits]], the '''in 1966.;1956:Celebrities are attracted to his seminars ([[École Freudienne de ParisJean Hyppolite]]'s analysis of [[Freud]]'s article on '' (Dé[[EFPnégation]]'', given during the first seminar, is a well-known example). In 1980, [[LacanAlexandre Koyré]] single, Claude Lévi-handedly dissolves the [[EFPStrauss]] and creates in its stead the ''', Maurice [[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneMerleau-Ponty]]''', and ethnologist Marcel Griaule, Emile Benveniste among others attend his courses.<ref>;1962:[[SFP]] members [[Lacanwant]] states: "It is up to you to be Lacanians if you wish; I am Freudian."</ref> In 1981, the '''recognized by the [[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienneInternational Psycho-Analytical Association]]''' is dissolved and the '''([[École de la Cause freudienneIPA]]''' is created to replace it). ==Theory==[[ The [[IPA]] issues an ultimatum: Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|workname]] has transformed must be crossed off the [[psychoanalysislist]], both as a '''theory''' and as a '''practice'''.of didacticians.;1963 In :Two weeks before the expiry of the 1950s, [[Lacan]] emphasized deadline set by the IPA (31 October), the role committee of didacticians of the [[languageSFP]] (gives up its courageous stand of 1962 and pronounces in favour of the ban: Lacan is no longer one of the didacticians.;1964:Lacanians [[symbolic order]]) in [[psychoanalysisform]] and formulated his most important thesis: that ''a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan official founds the unconscious is structured like a language''. (This was an extraordinarily innovative period for Lacan and he introduced many of [[Ecole Française de Psychanalyse]]'', which soon becomes the concepts that would preoccupy him for the rest of his career.) [[Lacan''[[Ecole Freudienne de Paris]] drew on a field of study known as '''([[StructuralismEFP]]''' and on '''[[linguistics|linguistic theory]]'''. ). With [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]]'s ''elementary and [[structureAlthusser]] of kinship'' provided s support, he is appointed lecturer at the basis for Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.;1965:In January Lacan begins his new seminar on "[[LacanThe Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]'s conception of " at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. His audience is made up of [[symbolic]] [[orderanalysts]] and young students in philosophy at the formation of the ENS, notably [[unconsciousJacques-Alain Miller]]. ;1966:[[Lévi-StraussEcrits]]'s , Paris: Seuil 1966. The book draws considerable attention to the [[structuralism|structural anthropologyEFP]] was facilitated by , extending far beyond the work of intelligentsia.;1967:Lacan presents the Swiss ''[[linguistics|linguistActe]] [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] (1857-1913) and it was through Fondation'' of the [[Lévi-StraussEFP]] that ; its novelty lies in the procedure of ''[[Lacanpasse]] began to read [''. The ''[linguistics[passe]]. In the process he made radical and far-reaching changes '' consists of testifying, in front of two ''passeurs'', to one's [[Saussureexperience]]'s concept of as an analysand and especially to the crucial [[linguistics|linguisticmoment]] of passage from the [[signposition]], completely reversing any conventional understanding of the relationship between the [[speech|speakinganalysand]] to that of [[subjectanalyst]] and . The ''passeurs'' are chosen by their [[languageanalyst]].  Finally, we will look s (generally analysts of the EFP) and should be at the Russian same [[linguistics|linguiststage]] in their [[Roman Jakobsonanalytic]]experience as the ''passant''s (1896-1982) work on [[metaphor]] . They listen to him and then, in turn, they testify to what they have heard in front of a committee for approval composed of the director, Lacan, and of some AE, ''[[metonymy]], as this was crucially important for [[Lacananalyste]]de l'école's conceptualization of [[desire]].  [[Lacan]]'s conception (analyst of the school). This committee's function is to select the analysts of the School and to elaborate, after the selecting [[subject[process]] as constituted in and through , a 'work of [[languagedoctrine]]'. ;1969:The issue of the ''passe'' keeps invading the EFP's [[life]]. "''Le quatrième groupe''" is formed around those who resign from the EFP disputing over Lacan's methods for the analysts' training and accreditation. Lacan takes a stand in the crisis of the [[university]] that follows May [[1968]]: "If psychoanalysis cannot be articulated as a [[knowledge]] and taught as such, it has no [[place]] in the university, which deals only with knowledge." The ENS director finds a pretext for telling Lacan that he is no longer welcome at the ENS at the beginning of the academic year. Moreover, the journal ''Cahiers pour l'[[Analyse]]'' has to cease publication, but [[Vincennes]] appears as an alternative. Michel [[Foucault]] asks Lacan to create and direct the Department of Psychoanlaysis at Vincennes. Thanks to Lévi-Strauss, Lacan moves his seminars to the law school of the Panthéon. ;1974:The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ freudien]]" with Lacan its director and [[Jacques-Alain Miller]] its president.;1980:On 9 January, Lacan announces the [[dissolution]] of the EFP and asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to [[state]] their intentions in [[writing]]. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On 21 February, Lacan announces the founding of the school ''[[La Cause freudienne]]'', later renamed the ''[[Ecole de la Cause freudienne]]''.;1981:9 September, Lacan dies in Paris.<!--;1901 - 1938:[[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]]. He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] - his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] - at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] in [[Marienbad]].;1938 - 1953 :[[Lacan]] is a member of the ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]''.;1953 - 1963:[[Lacan]] begins his first [[public]] [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his [[death]]). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial [[figure]] in the international psychoanalytic [[community]].;1963 - 1980:[[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' . Following the publication of the [[Écrits]], there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.--><!--{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="2" align="center" bgcolor="ffffff" style="background:#ffffff;width:100%; height:200px; text-align:center; line-height:2.0em;"| width="50px" style="valign:top;" | [[{{Y}}|1901]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>| align="[[left]]" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] studies medicine and [[psychiatry]] and completes his [[De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personalité|doctoral thesis]] on [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[psychosis]].He presents a paper on the [[mirror stage]] -- his first theoretical contribution to [[psychoanalysis]] -- at a conference of the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]] ([[IPA]]) in Marienbad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1938]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] is a member of the ([[IPA]] affiliated) ''[[Société psychanalytique de Paris]]'' ([[SPP]]) until he resigns to join the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SFP]]).|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1953]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] begins his first public [[seminar]] (which he will continue to give annually until his death). Thereafter, he rises to become a renowned and controversial figure in the international psychoanalytic community.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1963]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] leaves the [[SFP]] (after his "[[expulsion]]" from the [[IPA]]) and founds his own [[school]], the ''[[École Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]). Following the publication of the [[Écrits]] (1966), there is an explosion of interest in his work in France and abroad.|-| width="50px" | [[{{Y}}|1980]]<BR>-<BR>[[{{Y}}|1981]]<BR>| align="left" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 0;" | [[Lacan]] single-handedly dissolves the [[EFP]] and creates in its stead the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]''.However, [[Lacan]] soon dissolves the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne|Cause freudienne]]'' and replaces it with the ''[[École de la Cause freudienne]]''.|}-->

[[Image:Lacan3.jpg|frame|right]]<blockquote>''[[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|Click here]] for a more [[complete ]] [[bibliography ]] of [[Jacques Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]].''</blockquote> [[Lacan]]'s most important theoretical contributions to [[psychoanalysis]] were presented in his [[seminar]]s. In 1966, a selection of [[Lacan]]'s most important papers are published under the title ''[[Écrits]]''; fewer than one-third of them are included in the English ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]'' (1977). 

[[Category:PsychoanalysisJacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]<!-- [[Category:Index|Lacan, Jacques]]-->[[Category:Slavoj Žižek|Lacan, Jacques]]<!-- [[Category:Looking Awry|Lacan, Jacques]]-->