Changes

* Lacan meets [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]] and [[Pablo Picasso]]. He will remain very close to [[Merleau-ponty|Merleau-Ponty]].

* Lacan presents [[another]] paper on the [[Mirror Stage|mirror stage ]] to the sixteenth IPA congress in Zurich.

* 17 July Lacan attends the 16th congress of the International Psychoanalytic Association in Z ürich. He presents the second version of his paper on [[The Mirror Stage|the mirror stage ]] (E/S, pp. 1–7). In a climate of [[ideological]] war between the British Kleinians and the American “Anna-Freudians” (a clear majority), the French second generation, following the philosophy of Marie Bonaparte, tries to occupy a different [[space]]. Dissident luminaries include [[Daniel Lagache]], Sacha Nacht, and Lacan, often assisted by his friend Françoise Dolto. Lacan dominates the French group and gathers around him brilliant theoreticians such as Wladimir Granoff, Serge Leclaire, and François Perrier. He gives a seminar on Freud's [[Dora]] case.

* July The members of the SFP learn that they have been excluded from the [[International Psycho-analytical Association|International Psycho-Analytical Association]]. Introduced by Lagache, Lacan gives the opening lecture at the SFP on the three [[registers]] of [[the Imaginary]], the [[Symbolic]], and [[the Real]].

*Delivers the important paper "the [[Function of Language|function of language ]] in psychoanalyse." Often called the "Rome report," this is the founding [[statement]] of the view that psychoanalysis is a theory of the speaking [[subject]]. Psychoanalysis is now increasingly seen as a [[linguistic]] [[science]] in close touch with structural [[anthropology]] and [[mathematics]].

* In his [[project]] for the statutes of the S.P.P. Lacan organizes the curriculum around four types of seminars: commentaries of the official [[texts]] (particularly Freud's), courses on controlled technique, clinical and [[phenomenological]] critique, and [[Child Analysis|child analysis]]. A large amount of [[freedom]] of [[choice]] is [[left]] to students in training. In January Lacan is elected President of the S.P.P. Six months later he resigns to join the Société Française de Psychanalyse ([[S.F.P]].) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among [[others]]. (At S.F.P.'s first meeting, Lacan lectures on "Le [[Symbolique]], l'[[Imaginaire]] et le [[Réel]]"). Nevertheless the S.F.P. is allowed to be present in Rome where Lacan delivers his report: "[[Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage]]," [[discourse]] in which, for once, remarks Lagache with [[humor]], "he is in no way Mallarmean." On July 17 he marries Sylvia Maklès, mother of Judith. That Fall Lacan starts his seminars at the Hôpital Sainte-Anne.

* September 26-27 - Following the 16th Conference of Romance Language Psychoanalysts, [[Jacques lacan|Jacques Lacan ]] gives his "Rome Report": "Function and Range of Speech and Language in Psychoanalysis" (France)

* July The [[International Psycho-analytical Association|International Psycho-Analytical Association ]] rejects the SFP's petition for affiliation.

* "The flexibility of the S.F.P. increases Lacan's audience. Celebrities are attracted to his seminars (Hyppolite's analysis of Freud's article on Dé[[négation]], given during the first seminar, is a well-known example). Koyré on [[Plato]], Lévi-Strauss, [[Merleau-ponty|Merleau-Ponty]], Griaule, the ethnologist, Benvéniste among others attend his courses.

* 9 May Lacan presents “The [[agency]] of [[The Letter|the letter ]] in the unconscious; or, Reason since Freud” (E/S, pp. 146–78) to a group of philosophy students at the Sorbonne, later published in La Psychanalyse (1958). Less [[Heideggerian]] and more linguistic, the paper sketches a [[rhetoric]] of the unconscious based on the relationship between signifier and [[signified]] and generates the algorithms of [[metaphor]] and [[metonymy]] corresponding to Freud's [[condensation]] and [[displacement]].

<!-- The first issue of ''La Psychanalyse'' from 1956 is entirely devoted to Lacan: it includes the Rome report and discourse with the discussions that followed with Lacan's response, the commentaries from [[Seminar I]] on Hyppolite's analysis of denegation and Lacan'S translation of Heidegger's ''Logos''. In a following issue Hesnard will comment on ''[[Wo Es war, soll Ich werden|Wo es war, soll Ich werden]]'' that according to Lacan the "I" must come to the place where the "id" was: "là où était le 'ça' 'je' dois advenir." This opposes the S.P.P.'s translation: "the ego must [[drive]] out [[The Id|the id]]." -->

<!-- * In his ''Ethics'' Lacan defines the [[true]] [[ethical]] foundations of psychoanalysis and constructs an ethics for our time, an ethics that would prove to be equal to the [[tragedy]] of modern man and to the "discontent of [[civilization]]" (Freud). At the roots of the ethics is [[desire]]: analysis' only promise is austere, it is the entrance-into-the-I, ''l'entrée-en-Je''. "I must come to the place where [[The Id|the id ]] was," where the analysand discovers, in its absolute nakedness, the [[truth]] of his desire. The end of psychoanalysis entails "the purification of desire." This text functions throughout the years as the background of Lacan's work. -->

* Expelled, finally, from the International Psychoanalytic Association Lacan foudns his own school, L'[[Ecole freudienne de paris|Ecole Freudienne de Paris ]] (EFP). His audience begins to [[change]]; there are fewer psychiatrists and more [[philosophers]], anthropologists, linguistics, [[mathematicians]] and [[literary]] critics. Gives Seminar on [[The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]].

* Lacanians [[form]] a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan officially founds L'Ecole Française de Psychanalyse. Soon it becomes L'[[Ecole freudienne de paris|Ecole Freudienne de Paris ]] (E.F.P.). "I hereby found the Ecole Française de Psychanalyse, by myself, as alone as I have ever been in my relation to the psychoanalytic [[cause]]." The E.F.P. is organized on the basis of three sections: pure psychoanalysis (doctrine, training and supervision), applied psychoanalysis (the [[cure]], casuistics, psychiatric information), and the Freudian field (commentaries on the psychoanalytic movement, articulation with related [[sciences]], [[ethics of psychoanalysis]]).With Lévi-Strauss and [[Althusser]]'s support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. He begins his new seminar on "[[The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis|The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]" in January in the Dussane room at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (in his first session he thanks the generosity of Fernand [[Braudel]] and [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]]).* ''Le séminaire, Livre XI: [[Les quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse]]'', Paris: Seuil, 1973. ''The Seminar, Book XI: [[The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis|The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]'', New York: Norton, 1981.

* June 21 - [[Jacques lacan|Jacques Lacan ]] founds theÉcole Française de Psychanalyse (French School of Psychoanalysis), which will be renamedÉcole freudienne de Paris ([[Freudian School of Paris]]) in September 1964

<!-- * 18–21 October Lacan attends an international symposium entitled “The Languages of Criticism and the Sciences of Man” at Johns Hopkins University. He participates actively in the debate on [[Structuralism]] and presents his paper “Of “[[Of Structure as an Inmixing of an Otherness Prerequisite to Any Subject Whatever|Of structure as an inmixing of an Otherness prerequisite to any subject whatever]].” In a text as dense as its title, Lacan [[quotes]] Frege and Russell, explaining that his motto that the unconscious is “[[structured]] as a language” is in fact a tautology, since “structured” and “as a language” are synonymous. He states memorably: “The best image to sum up the unconscious is Baltimore in the early morning.” -->

<!-- * 9 October Lacan launches the new procedure of the “pass” (la passe) as a final examination allowing one to become a training analyst in his school. * October 9 - Jacques Lacan proposes under the name "la passe" an enabling [[process]] adapted to the Freudian School of Paris (France). * Introduction of the highly controversial ''la passe'' which marks the transition from analysand to analyst. Lacan sees the decision to become na analyst as analogous to [[The Act|the act ]] of becoming a poet. -->

<!-- * In his seminar ''[[L'envers de la psychanalyse]]'' Lacan establishes the four [[discourses]]: [[Master]]'s, university's, [[hysteric]]'s and the [[analyst's discourse]]. He discusses the Father of ''[[Totem]] and [[Taboo]]'' who is all love (or ''jouissance'') and whose [[murder]] generates the love of the [[dead]] Father, a [[figure]] to whom he opposes both the Father presiding over the first [[idealization]] and the Father who enters the [[discourse of the Master]] and who is [[castrated]] from the origin. "The death of the father is the key to supreme ''jouissance'', later [[identified]] with the mother as the aim to [[incest]]." Yet psychoanalysis is not constructed on the proposition'to [[sleep]] with the mother' but on the death of the father as [[primal]] jouissance. The real father is not the [[biological]] one but he who upholds "the Real as impossible." In "[[Radiophonie]]," ''Scilicet2/3'', Lacan argues that "if language is the condition of the unconscious, the unconscious is the condition of linguistics." Freud anticipated [[Saussure]] and the Prague Circle by sticking to [[The Letter|the letter ]] of the patient's [[word]], to [[jokes]], to slips, by bringing into light the importance of condensation and displacement in the production of [[dreams]]. The unconscious states that "the subject is not the one who [[knows]] what he says." Whoever articulates the unconscious must say that it is either that or nothing. -->

<!-- * October creation of the [[Ecole de la Cause freudienne|Ecole de la Cause Freudienne ]] (ECF). -->

:[[Lacan]] presides at the first International Conference of the Fondation du champ freudien in Caracas. October Creation of the [[Ecole de la Cause freudienne|Ecole de la cause freudienne]].