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=====1936=====
* 3 August Lacan attends the 14th Congress of the IPA at Marienbad (Máriánské Lézně, Czech Republic), where he presents ‘Le stade du miroir’.
* 3 August Lacan attends the 14th congress of the [[International Psychoanalytic Association]] at Marienbad, where he presents his paper on the [[Mirror Stage|mirror stage]]. After ten minutes, he is brutally interrupted by Ernest [[Jones]]. Quite upset, Lacan leaves the conference. He will never submit his text for publication.
* Spring Lacan meets Jean-[[Paul]] [[Sartre]] (1905-1980), Pablo [[Picasso]] (1881-1973) and Maurice [[Merleau-Ponty]] (1908-1961). He becomes Picasso’s personal physician.
* 14 February birth of Jacques-[[Alain]] [[Miller]], Lacan’s [[future]] son-in-law.
* Lacan meets [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]] and [[Pablo Picasso]]. He will remain very close to [[Merleau-ponty|Merleau-Ponty]].
=====1949=====
* Lacan presents [[another]] paper on [[The Mirror Stage|the mirror stage ]] to the sixteenth IPA congress in Zurich.
* Lacan meets Claude Lévi-[[Strauss]].
* 17 July Lacan attends the 16th Congress of the IPA in Zürich, where he presents another paper on the mirror-stage.
*There is a [[split]] in the SPP over the question of [[lay analysis]]. Lacan resigns his membership of the SPP and joins the SociEtE FranCaise de Psychanalyse (SFP).
*Holds his first public seminar (on [[Freud's papers on technique]]). These seminars continue for twenty-six years.
*Delivers the important paper "the [[Function of Language|function of language ]] in psychoanalyse." Often called the "Rome report," this is the founding [[statement]] of the view that psychoanalysis is a theory of the speaking [[subject]]. Psychoanalysis is now increasingly seen as a [[linguistic]] [[science]] in close touch with structural [[anthropology]] and [[mathematics]].
* Lacan marries Sylvia Bataille and becomes president of the SPP. In June Daniel Lagache, Juliette Favez-Boutonier and Françoise Dolto resign from the SPP to found the Société Française de Psychanalyse (SFP). Soon after, Lacan resigns from the SPP and joins the SFP.
* Lacan opens the inaugural meeting of the SFP on the 8 July, where he delivers a lecture on 'the [[symbolic]], [[the imaginary]] and the real'.
Lacan attends the sixteenth Conference of Psychoanalysts of the Romance [[Languages]] in Rome; the paper he writes for the occasion ('The function and field of [[speech]] and language in psychoanalysis') is too long to be read aloud and is distributed to participants instead.
* In November Lacan begins his first public seminar in the Hôpital Sainte-Anne. These seminars, which will continue for twenty-seven years, soon become the principal platform for Lacan's teaching.
* In his [[project]] for the statutes of the S.P.P. Lacan organizes the curriculum around four types of seminars: commentaries of the official [[texts]] (particularly Freud's), courses on controlled technique, clinical and [[phenomenological]] critique, and [[Child Analysis|child analysis]]. A large amount of [[freedom]] of [[choice]] is [[left]] to students in training. In January Lacan is elected President of the S.P.P. Six months later he resigns to join the Société Française de Psychanalyse ([[S.F.P]].) with D. Lagache, F. Dolto, J. Favez-Boutonier among others. (At S.F.P.'s first meeting, Lacan lectures on "Le [[Symbolique]], l'[[Imaginaire]] et le [[Réel]]"). Nevertheless the S.F.P. is allowed to be present in Rome where Lacan delivers his report: "[[Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage]]," [[discourse]] in which, for once, remarks Lagache with [[humor]], "he is in no way Mallarmean." On July 17 he marries Sylvia Maklès, mother of Judith. That Fall Lacan starts his seminars at the Hôpital Sainte-Anne.
* ''The Neurotic's Individual [[Myth]]: Psychoanalytic Quarterly'', 1979.
* 20 January Lacan is elected president of the SPP, and Nacht regains [[control]] of the Institute.
* July The members of the SFP learn that they have been excluded from the [[International Psycho-Analytical Association]]. Introduced by Lagache, Lacan gives the opening lecture at the SFP on the three [[registers]] of [[the Imaginary]], [[the Symbolic]], and [[the Real]].
* 17 July Lacan and Sylvia Maklès are married.
* 26 September In his “Rome “[[Rome Discourse|Rome discourse]], ” Lacan presents “Function and field of speech and language in psychoanalysis” (E/S, pp. 30–113, original talk in AE, pp. 133–64), a veritable manifesto. In this pyrotechnical display showing all the facets of his [[culture]], Lacan introduces the [[doctrine]] of the [[signifier]]. Among many crucial theoretical pronouncements, the “Rome discourse” justifies the practice of the variable-length [[session]]. Françoise Dolto speaks after Lacan and Lagache and expresses her support for the new movement.
* 18 November Lacan starts his public seminar at Sainte-Anne hospital with a close reading of Freud's papers on technique (later S I). He also conducts weekly clinical presentations of patients.
* September 26-27 - Following the 16th Conference of Romance Language Psychoanalysts, [[Jacques lacan|Jacques Lacan ]] gives his "Rome Report": "Function and Range of Speech and Language in Psychoanalysis" (France)
* August-September Lacan entertains Heidegger and his wife at his summer-house.
* Easter Accompanied by his [[analysand]] Jean Beaufret, a disciple and translator of Heidegger, Lacan pays a visit to [[Martin Heidegger]] in Freiburg and Beaufret [[acts]] as an interpreter between the two thinkers.
* July The [[International Psycho-analytical Association|International Psycho-Analytical Association ]] rejects the SFP's petition for affiliation.
* September At the occasion of the Cerisy conference devoted to the work of Heidegger, Lacan invites the German [[philosopher]] and his wife to spend a few days in his country house at Guitrancourt.
* 7 November Lacan reads “The [[Freudian Thing]], or the [[meaning]] of the [[return to Freud]] in psychoanalysis” at the Neuro-psychiatric clinic of Vienna (E, pp. 401–36).
=====1957=====
* During this period Lacan writes, on the basis of his seminars, conferences and addreses in colloquia, the major texts that are found in Écrits in 1966. He publishes in a variety of journals, notably in L'Evolution Psychiatrique, which takes no account of the S.P.P. / S.F.P. [[conflict]] and Bulletin de la Société de Philosphie. J.B. Pontalis, Lacan's student, publishes with his consent the accounts of Seminars IV, V and VI in ''Bulletin de Psychanalyse''. — ''Le séminaire, Livre IV: La relation d'[[objet]] et les [[structures]] freudiennes'', Paris: Seuil, 1994.
* 9 May Lacan presents “The [[agency]] of [[The Letter|the letter ]] in the unconscious; or, Reason since Freud” (E/S, pp. 146–78) to a group of philosophy students at the Sorbonne, later published in La Psychanalyse (1958). Less [[Heideggerian]] and more linguistic, the paper sketches a [[rhetoric]] of the unconscious based on the relationship between signifier and [[signified]] and generates the algorithms of [[metaphor]] and [[metonymy]] corresponding to Freud's [[condensation]] and [[displacement]].
=====1959=====
* The SFP again renews its request for IPA affiliation. This time the IPA sets up a committee to evaluate the SFP's application.
* The first issue of ''La Psychanalyse'' from 1956 is entirely devoted to Lacan: it includes the Rome report and discourse with the discussions that followed with Lacan's response, the commentaries from [[Seminar I]] on Hyppolite's analysis of denegation and Lacan'S translation of Heidegger's ''Logos''. In a following issue Hesnard will comment on ''[[Wo Es war, soll Ich werden|Wo es war, soll Ich werden]]'' that according to Lacan the "I" must come to the place where the "id" was: "là où était le 'ça' 'je' dois advenir." This opposes the S.P.P.'s translation: "the ego must [[drive]] out [[The Id|the id]]."
* ''Le séminaire, Livre VI: Le [[désir]] et son [[interpretation]]'', unpublished.
* July the SFP renews its request for affiliation to the IPA.
=====1964=====
* In January Lacan moves his public seminar to the École Normale Supérieure, and in June he founds his own organisation, the École Freudienne de Paris (EFP).
* Lacanians [[form]] a Study Group on Psychoanalysis organized by Jean Clavreul, until Lacan officially founds L'Ecole Française de Psychanalyse. Soon it becomes L'[[Ecole freudienne de paris|Ecole Freudienne de Paris ]] (E.F.P.). "I hereby found the Ecole Française de Psychanalyse, by myself, as alone as I have ever been in my relation to the psychoanalytic [[cause]]." The E.F.P. is organized on the basis of three sections: pure psychoanalysis (doctrine, training and supervision), applied psychoanalysis (the [[cure]], casuistics, psychiatric information), and the Freudian field (commentaries on the psychoanalytic movement, articulation with related [[sciences]], [[ethics of psychoanalysis]]).With Lévi-Strauss and [[Althusser]]'s support, he is appointed lecturer at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. He begins his new seminar on "[[The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis|The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]]" in January in the Dussane room at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (in his first session he thanks the generosity of Fernand [[Braudel]] and [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]]).
* ''Le séminaire, Livre XI: [[Les quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse]]'', Paris: Seuil, 1973. ''The Seminar, Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis'', New York: Norton, 1981.
* After extensive [[legal]] proceedings, Judith adopts the name of her father.
* January First issue of the [[Cahiers pour l'analyse]], a review produced by younger epistemologists of the Ecole normale supérieure who publish serious articles on Lacan's concepts.
* February–March Lacan gives a series of lectures at six North American universities, including Columbia, Harvard, and MIT.
* 18–21 October Lacan attends an international symposium entitled “The Languages of Criticism and the Sciences of Man” at Johns Hopkins University. He participates actively in the debate on [[Structuralism]] and presents his paper “Of “[[Of Structure as an Inmixing of an Otherness Prerequisite to Any Subject Whatever|Of structure as an inmixing of an Otherness prerequisite to any subject whatever]].” In a text as dense as its title, Lacan [[quotes]] Frege and Russell, explaining that his motto that the unconscious is “[[structured]] as a language” is in fact a tautology, since “structured” and “as a language” are synonymous. He states memorably: “The best image to sum up the unconscious is Baltimore in the early morning.”
* November Publication of Ecrits. Surprisingly, the thick (924 pages) book sells very well. December Marriage of Judith Lacan and Jacques-Alain Miller.
* Écrits by Jacques Lacan published (France)
=====1967=====
* Introduction of the highly controversial ''la [[passe]]'' which marks the transition from analysand to analyst. Lacan sees the decision to become na analyst as analogous to [[The Act|the act ]] of becoming a poet.
* Lacan states in the ''[[Acte]] de Fondation'' that he shall undertake the direction of the école during the four years, "a direction about which nothing at present prevents me from answering." In fact Lacan remains its director until the dissolution in 1980. He [[divides]] the école into three sections: the section of pure psychoanalysis (training and elaboration of the theory, where members who have been [[analyzed]] but haven't become analysts can participate); the section for applied psychoanalysis (therapeutic and clinical, physicians who have neither completed nor started analysis are welcome); the section for taking inventory of the Freudian field (it concerns the critique of psychoanalytic literature and the analysis of the theoretical relations with related or affiliated sciences). To join the école, the candidate has to apply to an organized work-group: the [[cartel]].
* Proposition du 9 octobre 1967 sur le [[psychanalyste]] à l'Ecole," [[Scilicet]] 1.
=====1974=====
* The Department of Psychoanalysis at Vincennes, which opened after the 'May events' of 1968, is reorganized and renamed Le [[Champ Freudien]] with Lacan as scientific director and Miller, his son-in-law, as president. There is a stress on the [[mathematical]] [[formalization]] of [[psychoanalytic theory]].
* The Vincennes Department of Psychoanalysis is renamed "[[Le Champ Freudien|Le Champ freudien]];" Lacan, director, and Jacques-Alain Miller, president. In ''Télé[[vision]]'', Paris: Seuil, (the text is based on a broadcast on the ORTF produced by Benoît Jacquot) Lacan makes is famous statement: "I always [[speak]] the truth. Not the [[whole]] truth, because there's no way to say it all. Saying it all is materially impossible: words fail. Yet it is through this very [[impossibility]] that the truth holds to the real." ''[[Television]]'', New York: Norton, 1990.
* ''Le séminaire, Livre XXI: [[Les non-dupes errent]]'', unpublished.
* The Department of Psychoanalysis at Vincennes is reorganized and Jacques-Alain Miller becomes its new director.
* 5 January Lacan dissolves the EFP.
* 12-15 July Lacan presides the first international conference of the [[Fondation du Champ Freudien]] in Caracas.
* October creation of the Ecole de [[La Cause freudienne|la Cause Freudienne ]] (ECF).
* 10 October Lacan conducts his final case-presentation.
* Autumn After a minor car accident, Lacan appears tired and is often silent for long periods of time even in his seminars, in which his discourse tends to be replaced by mute demonstrations of new twists on [[Borromean knots]].
* On January 9, Lacan announces the dissolution of the EFP in a letter addressed to members and published in ''Le Monde''. He asks those who [[wish]] to continue [[working]] with him to state their intentions in writing. He receives over one thousand letters within a week. On February 21, Lacan announces the founding of "''La [[Cause freudienne]]''." In July he attends an international conference in Caracas. "I have come here before launching my ''Cause freudienne''. It is up to you to be Lacanians if you wish; I am Freudian."
* ''Le séminaire, Livre XXVII: Dissolution, in Ornicar?'' 20/21.
* January Lacan dissolves the Ecole freudienne de Paris by a “Letter of Dissolution” mailed to all members and dated 5 January 1980. It presents Lacan as a “[[père]] sévère” (strict father) who can “persévérer” (persevere) alone. All the members of the school are invited to write a letter directly to him if they want to follow him in the creation of a new institution. He mentions the price Freud has “had to pay for having permitted the psychoanalytic group to win over discourse, becoming a church” (T, p. 130). The Cause freudienne is created. 12–15 July Lacan presides at the first International Conference of the Fondation du champ freudien in Caracas. October Creation of the [[Ecole de la Cause freudienne|Ecole de la cause freudienne]].
In 1919 he started his medical training in the Faculté de Médecine in Paris. From 1926 onwards he began his specialisation in psychiatry and, in the same year, he co-authored his first publication which appeared in the Revue Neurologique. Very soon he becomes interne des asiles and then, in 1932, Chef de Clinique. He worked for three years in the area of forensic medicine and, in 1932, he received his doctorate diploma in psychiatry. He published his thesis which is entitled De la psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité (On Paranoid Psychosis in its Relations to the Personality). He posted a copy of his doctoral dissertation to Freud who acknowledged receipt by sending him a postcard. In the same year, his translation of Freud’s article ‘Some Neurotic Mechanisms in Jealousy, Paranoia and Homosexuality’ was published in the Revue Française de Psychanalyse.
The 1930s marked the development of Lacan’s relation to the psychoanalytic and the surrealist movement. He started his [[Training Analysis|training analysis ]] with Rudolph Loewenstein who later, after moving to the United States, became one of the founding fathers and champions of Ego-[[Psychology]]. He joined the Société Psychanalytique de Paris (SPP), the [[French Psychoanalytic Society|French psychoanalytic society ]] officially recognised by the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA), first, in 1934, as a candidate member, and then, in 1938, as a full member (Membre Titulaire). At the same time he became involved in the French surrealist movement. He developed a friendship with Breton and Dalí and published articles in a series of surrealist publications including the journal Minotaure. But his interest in intellectual matters did not end here. He met James Joyce and became well acquainted with the work of Jaspers and Heidegger and, of course, Hegel, by attending (together with Queneau, Bataille, Merleau-Ponty, Aron, Klossowski and others) [[The Seminars|the seminars ]] on Hegel given by Alexandre [[Kojeve]] at the École Pratique des Hautes Études.
In 1936 he agreed to write, together with Kojeve, an article comparing Freud with Hegel which was planned to appear in the journal Recherches philosophiques with the approval of Koyré; this article was never published.
In 1934 he married Marie-Louise Blondin. Together they had three children; Caroline, born in 1934, Thibaut, in 1939, and Sibylle in 1940. Their marriage lasted until 1941. In 1939 Lacan began a relationship with Sylvia Bataille, an actress formerly married to George Bataille, and 1941 marked the birth of their daughter, Judith. He married Sylvia in 1953.
After the war, Lacan was recognised as one of the major theorists of the SPP and, as a member of its training committee, he introduced new statutes, making psychoanalytic training available to non-medical candidates. Eventually he was elected president of the SPP but this development produced a lot of controversy and a series of disagreements often focusing on Lacan’s technique (including his introduction of analytic [[Sessions of Variable Duration|sessions of variable duration]]). The controversy led to the formation, mainly by Lagache, of a new psychoanalytic society, the Société Française de Psychanalyse (SFP). Lacan resigned from the SPP and joined the SFP in 1953. In the same year he started his public seminar (he was conducting a private seminar from 1951) at the Sainte-Anne hospital. In 1956 the SFP launched its journal; the first issue was devoted to the work of Lacan. He translated Heidegger’s paper ‘Logos’ which was published in La Psychanalyse. The influence of his friend Claude Lévi-Strauss as well as that of structural linguistics (Saussure and Jakobson) was becoming increasingly [[apparent]] in his work.
The SFP applied for [[recognition]] by the International Psychoanalytic Association but the IPA asked for the [[termination]] of Lacan’s training programme. In 1963 the SFP gave in to the demands of the IPA. Lacan was effectively forced to resign from the SFP and to stop his seminar at Saint-Anne. He was invited by [[Fernand Braudel]] to continue his seminar at the École Pratique, and, with the encouragement of Louis Althusser, he resumed his seminar in January 1964 at the École Normale Supérieure. Meanwhile, he acknowledged the importance of Foucault’s book on [[Madness]] and Civilization. He founded the École Freudienne de Paris (EFP). A 900-page collection of his essays was published under the title Écrits, boosting his reputation both in France and internationally. While in his thesis he acknowledged the importance of Claude, Pinchon and others of his teachers in psychiatry for his development, now he considered Gaetan Gatian de Clerambault as his sole master in psychiatry, pointing out that he owed to him his [[encounter]] with the Freudian corpus. He was invited, in 1966, to visit the United States where he addressed the conference on ‘The Languages of Criticism and the Sciences of Man’ organised at the Johns Hopkins University. In 1969 a Lacanian department of Psychoanalysis was founded at the new and controversial Université de Paris VIII at Vincennes (later to be transferred to Saint-Denis).
