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The periodical, L'[[Inconscient]], was founded by Piera Aulagnier-Spairani, who was the editor-in-chief, and Jean Clavreul and Conrad Stein. With the [[help ]] of Renée Andrau and Lucio Covello as editorial secretaries, the first issue, published by Presses Universitaires de [[France]], appeared in January-March 1967. At the [[time ]] the [[psychoanalytic ]] movement in France had been wracked by divisions and [[internal ]] dissension. The Société Française de [[Psychanalyse ]] ([[French ]] Psychoanalytic [[Society]]) had been dissolved and rival institutions created. These included the [[Association ]] Psychanalytique de France (French Psychoanalytic Association), which in 1965 became part of the [[International Psychoanalytic Association]], and theÉcole Freudienne de [[Paris ]] ([[Freudian ]] [[School ]] of Paris), directed by Jacques [[Lacan]]. Two students of Lacan's organization worked with a member of the [[Société Psychanalytique de Paris ]] (Paris Psychoanalytic Society), Conrad Stein, to create a review that was open to the opposing points of view that were tearing the French psychoanalytic movement apart. It was one of the attempts by [[psychoanalysts ]] of the 1950s to establish connections with organizations [[other ]] than the [[official ]] psychoanalytic bodies, which pretended to ignore one [[another ]] when they were not actively jockeying for [[position]].

Appropriately, the first issue was devoted to the topic of "[[transgression]]," and included essays by Conrad Stein, Serge Leclaire, Michel Neyraut, Guy Rosolato, and Piera Aulagnier. Other issues followed; the issue devoted to [[perversion ]] contained contributions from Jean Clavreul, André Green, Jean-[[Paul ]] Valabrega, and Georges Daumézon. Daumézon represented the [[symbolic ]] link that united these disparate personalities: The [[Sainte-Anne ]] Hospital, where many of these young psychoanalysts worked. (Most were between thirty and forty years of age at the time.)

Over the course of eight issues, there were contributions from a wide range of practitioners, including Serge Viderman, Lucien Israël, Irène Roublef, [[Christian ]] David, Michel de M'Uzan, Francis Pasche, François Roustang, Jean-Luc Donnet, François Perrier, Jean Gillibert, [[Joyce ]] McDougall, Dominique Geachan, Claude Robant, Robert Barande, and Cornélius Costoriadis. Unfortunately, dissension within the psychoanalytic [[community ]] led to the cessation of publication after two years. The final issue, of October [[1968]], was devoted to the potentially explosive topic of psychoanalytic [[training]]. The founders argued among themselves, a [[reflection ]] of the dissension within the [[Lacanian ]] movement that had originated with Lacan's statements concerning "la [[passe]]" in October of the previous year. A notice indicated that "the editors have been unable to agree on the direction most suitable for a review of [[psychoanalysis ]] or on the [[role ]] they felt it should play."

Five months later Piera Aulagnier founded the Quatrième Group, Organisation Psychanalytique de [[Langue ]] Française (Fourth Group: French [[Language ]] Psychoanalytic Organization) with François Perrier and Jean-Paul Valabrega, and the review Topique. That same year, 1969, Conrad Stein foundedÉtudes freudiennes, which also published points of view that differed from the French psychoanalytic mainstream. It was several years, however, before the psychoanalytic ecumenicalism of [[L'Inconscient ]] was repeated in France.