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[[Language{{Top}}langue]] is a central concept in '', ''[[Lacanian psychoanalysis]].langage{{Bottom}}

=====Translation=====It is usually regarded as its most distinctive featureimportant to note that the English word "[[language]]" corresponds to two [[French]] [[words]]: ''[[langue]]'' and ''[[langage]]''.

==Language These two words have quite different [[meanings]] in [[Lacan]]'s [[work]]: ''[[langue]]'' usually refers to a specific [[language]], such as a Structure==French or [[English]], whereas ''[[langage]]'' refers to the [[system]] of [[language]] in general, abstracting from all [[particular]] languages.

[[=====Jacques Lacan]] =====It is concerned with fundamentally the general [[structure]] of [[language]] (the [[system]] of [[language]] in general) (''[[langage]]''), (rather than the differences between particular [[language]]s languages ('''[[langue]]s''))that interests [[Lacan]].

==Development in Lacan's Thought===Psychoanalytic Experience=====Four broad phases can be discerned Between 1936 and 1949 references to [[language]] are sparse, but they are significant; already in 1936, for example, [[Lacan]] emphasizes that [[language]] is constitutive of the long process of [[developmentpsychoanalytic]] [[experience]] ,<ref>{{Ec}} p.82</ref> and in 1946 he argues that it is [[impossible]] to [[understand]] [Lacan[madness]]'s thinking on without addressing the nature problem of [[language]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 166</ref>

===ONE===[[Lacan]] argues that 's comments on [[language]] is constitutive of the at this time do not contain any references to a specific [[psychoanalytic experiencelinguistics|linguistic theory]], and instead are dominated by [[philosophy|philosophical allusions]], mainly in [[terms]] derived from [[Hegel]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.82</ref>

Thus [[Languagelanguage]], understood in terms derived from [[Hegel]] rather than [[linguistic theory]], is seen primarily as a mediating element which permits the [[subject]] to attain [[recognition ]] from the other.<ref>{{E}} p. 9</ref>

Above and beyond its use for conveying information, [[Languagelanguage]] is first and foremost an appeal to an interlocutor; in [[Jakobson]]'s terms, [[Lacan]] stresses the connative function above the referential.

===Language and Structure==Lacan's discussion of language contains references to Heideggerian phenomenology and to the anthropology of language (Mauss, Malinowski and Levi-Strauss)Thus he insists that [[langage]] is not a nomenclature.<ref>{{Ec}} p. 166</ref>

=====Anthropology and Phenomenology=====From 1950 to 1954 [[Language]] is seen as [[structuringlanguage]] begins to occupy the central [[socialposition]] that it will hold in [[lawLacan]]'s of [[exchange]], as a [[symbolic]] [[pact]], etcwork thereafter.

In his famous this period, [[Rome DiscourseLacan]] 's [[Lacandiscussion]] of [[language]] is dominated by references to [[Heideggerian]] posits a basic opposition between ''[[parolephenomenology]]'' and '', more importantly, to the [[anthropology]] of [[langagelanguage]]''. (see [[speechAnthropology|Maus, Malinowski, and Lévi-Strauss]]).

There are a few allusions to [[Saussure]],<ref>{{S1}} p. 248</ref> but in his famous "[[Rome Discourse]]" [[Lacan]] refers to establishes an opposition between ''[[parole]]'' and ''[[language|langage]]'' (and not, as [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] does, between ''[[parole]]'' and ''[[language|langue]]''.<ref>{{L}}. "''[[Fonction]] et [[Roman Jakobsonchamp]]de la parole et du langage en [[psychanalyse]].''" 1953a. In {{E}} p. 237-322. ("[[The function and field of speech and language in psychoanalysis]].") In {{E}}. p.30-113</ref>

Following ====="The Unconscious is Structured like a Language"=====Between 1955 and 1970 [[language]] takes center [[Sassurestage]], and [[Lacan]] argues develops his classic [[thesis]] that "the unconscious is [[languagestructured]] is like a structure composed of differential elementslanguage."<ref>{{S11}} p.20</ref>

It is in this period that the names [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] and [[LanguageRoman Jakobson]] becomes for come to the fore in [[Lacan]] the single paradigm of all 's [[structureWorks of Jacques Lacan|work]].

===Lacan and Language==Structural Linguistics=====[[Lacan]] proceeds to critcize the takes up [[Saussure]]an concept 's [[theory]] that [[language]] is a [[structure]] composed of differential elements, but whereas [[Saussure]] had stated this of ''[[language|langue]]'', [[Lacan]] states it of ''[[language|langage]]''.

[[Lacan]] argues that the basic unit of ''[[language|Langage]] is not the '' becomes, for [[signLacan]] but , the single paradigm of all [[signifierstructures]].

[[Lacan]] argues that then proceeds to criticize the [[unconsciousSaussure]]an [[concept]] of [[language]] is, like arguing that the basic unit of [[language]], a is not the [[structuresign]] of but the [[signifier]]s.

[[Lacan]] asserts then argues that "the [[unconscious ]] is structured , like [[language]], a language."<ref>{{S11}} p[[structure]] of [[signifiers]], which also allows [[Lacan]] to formulate the [[category]] of the [[symbolic]] with greater precision.20</ref>

=====Psychotic Language=====From 1971 on, the shift from [[linguistics]] to [[mathematics]] as the paradigm of [[science|scientificity]] is accompanied by a tendency to emphasize the [[poetry]] and ambiguity of [[language]], as is evident in [[Lacan can formulate ]]'s increasing interest in the category "[[psychotic]] [[language]]" of the symbolic with greater precision[[James Joyce]].<ref>{{L}}. "[[Joyce]] le symptôme." 1975a. In Jacques Aubert (ed.), ''Joyce avec Lacan''. [[Paris]]: Navarin, 1987.</ref>

In 1969 [[Lacan develops a concept of discourse ]]'s own style reflects this [[change]] as a kind of social bondit becomes ever more densely populated with puns and neologisms.

=====''Lalangue''=====[[Lacan]] coins the term ''[[language|lalangue]]'' (from the definite article ''la'' and the noun ''[[language|langue]]'') to refer to these non-communicative aspects of [[language]] which, by playing on ambiguity and homophony, give rise to a kind of''[[jouissance]]''.<ref>{{S20}} p.126</ref>

All The term "[[humanlanguage]] " now becomes opposed to ''[[communication]] is inscribed in a [[linguistic]] [[structurelanguage|lalangue]]''.

The whole ''[[aimlanguage|Lalangue]] '' is like the primary chaotic substrate of polysemy out of which [[psychoanalyticlanguage]] is constructed, almost as if [[treatmentlanguage]] is to articulate the [[truth]] some ordered superstructure sitting on top of one's [[desire]] in [[speech]] rather than in any other medium.this substrate:

The <blockquote>"Language is without [[fundamental ruledoubt]] made of ''[[psychoanalysislalangue]] ''. It is based on the principle that an elucubration of [[speechknowledge]] is the only way to this (''[[knowledge|savoir]]'') [[truthabout]]''lalangue''.<ref>{{S20}} p.127</ref></blockquote>

=====Lacanian Psychoanalysis==========Language in Analytic Treatment=====It is the emphasis placed by [[SpeechLacan]] is the only tool which the ian [[analystpsychoanalysis]] hasthat is usually regarded as its most distinctive feature.

Any [[analystLacan]] who does not understand criticizes the way that other forms of [[speechpsychoanalysis]], such as [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]] and [[object-relations theory]], tend to play down the importance of [[language]] and emphasize the "non-[[verbal]] communication" of the [[analysand]] (his "[[body]] language," etc.) at the expense of the [[analysand]] work does not understand 's [[psychoanalysisspeech]]).

==Quotes==This is a fundamental error, according to [[Lacan]], for [[three]] main reasons. <blockquote>Properly speaking this :1. Firstly, all [[human]] [[communication]] is inscribed in a redundancy because "[[structuredlinguistic]] [[structure]]; even " and body language,"is, as the term implies, fundamentally a [[form]] of ''[[language]]" for me mean exactly '', with the same thing. [[Structurestructure|structural features]]d means my . :2. Secondly, the [[speechwhole]], my aim of [[:category:terms|lexiconpsychoanalytic treatment]], etc., which is exactly to articulate the same as a [[languagetruth]] of one's [[desire]]. And that is not all. Which in [[languagespeech]]? Rather rather than myself it was my pupils that took a great deal in any other medium; the [[fundamental rule]] of trouble to give that question a different [[meaningpsychoanalysis]], and to search for is based on the formula of a reduced [[languageprinciple]] that [[speech]]. What are is the minimum conditions, they ask themselves, necessary only way to constitute a this [[languagetruth]]? Perhaps only four <i>signantes</i>. :3. And thirdly, four [[signifyspeech]]ing elements are enough. It is a curious exercise the only tool which is based on a complete error, as I hope to show you on the board in a moment. There were also some [[philosophersanalyst]]has; therefore, not many really but some, of those present at my any [[seminaranalyst]] in Paris who have found since then that it was does not a question of an &quot;under&quot; understand the way [[languagespeech]] or of &quot;another&quot; and [[language]], work does not understand [[mythpsychoanalysis]] for instance or itself.<ref>{{E}} p. 40</ref> One consequence of [[phonemeLacan]]'s, but emphasis on [[language]]. It is extraordinary his recommendation that the pains that all took [[analyst]] must attend to change the place [[formal]] features of the question. [[Mythanalysand]]'s[[speech]] (the [[signifiers]]), for instance, do and not take place in our consideration precisely because those are also be sidetracked into an empathic attitude baseed on an [[imaginary]] [[understanding]] of the [[structurecontent]]d as a (the [[languagesignified]], ). =====Symbolic and when I say &quot;as a Imaginary Dimensions=====One common misconception of [[Lacan]] is that [[language]]&quot; it is not as some special sort of synonymous with the [[symbolic]] [[languageorder]]. This is, for examplehowever, not correct; [[mathematicalLacan]] argues that [[language]], has both a [[symbolic]] and an [[imaginary]] [[semioticaldimension]] . <blockquote>"There is something in [[languagethe symbolic]]function of human discourse that cannot be eliminated, or and that is the [[cinematographicalrole]] played in it by [[languagethe imaginary]]. "<ref>{{S2}} p.306</ref></blockquote> The [[Languagesymbolic|symbolic dimension]] is of [[language]] and there is only one sort that of the [[signifier]] and [[languagspeech|true speech]]e: . The [[concreteimaginary]] dimension of [[language]]&nbsp;&#8212;&nbsp; is that of the [[signified]], [[Englishsignification]] or , and [[Frenchspeech|empty speech]] for instance&nbsp;&#8212;&nbsp;that people talk. The first thing to start in this context is that there is no  [[Schema L]] represents these two dimensions of [[meta-language]]by means of two axes which intersect. For it  The axis '''A-S''' is necessary that all so called [[meta-language]]s be presented to you with in its [[symbolic|symbolic dimension]]], the [[discourse]] of the [[Other]], the [[languageunconscious]]. You cannot teach  The [[imaginary]] axis ''a'''-''a course '' is [[language]] in its [[mathematicimaginary|imaginary dimension]]s using only , the wall of [[language]] which interrupts, distorts and [[letterinversion|invert]]s on the board[[discourse]] of the [[Other]]. It is always necessary to speak an ordinary  In [[languageLacan]] that 's words, "language is understoodas much there to be found in the Other as to drastically prevent us from understanding him. <ref>Of Structure as an Inmixing of an Otherness Prerequisite to Any Subject Whatever{{S2}} p. 244</ref></blockquote> =====Languages and Codes=====[[Lacan]] distinguishes between [[language]]s and [[code]]s; unlike [[code]]s, in [[language]] there is no [[stable]] one-to-one correspondence between [[sign]] and [[sign|referent]], nor between [[signified]] and [[signifier]]. It is this property of [[language]] which gives rise to the inherent ambiguity of all [[discourse]], which can only be [[interpreted]] by playing on the homophony and other forms of equivocation (''l'équivoque'').

{{See}}* [[StructureAnalysand]]* [[Analyst]]||* [[Code]]* [[Discourse]]||

* [[SignifiedSpeech]]||* [[LetterStructure]]* [[WordSymbolic]]{{Also}}