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In [[psychoanalysis]], the term "[[libido]]" is used to describe a [[mental ]] -- [[psychic ]] and emotional -- energy associated with [[instinct]]ual [[biology|biological]] [[drive]]s.
==Sigmund Freud==
[[Freud]] often employs metaphors from the [[science]] of hydraulics to describe [[libido]].
[[Freud]] conceives of the [[libido]] as an "[[economic]]" [[concept]].
It is said to be quantifiable, plastic and adhesive, and can be attached to or withdrawn from [[object]]s thanks to the [[mechanism ]] of [[cathexis]].
It is an energy which can increase or descrease, and which can be [[displaced]].<ref>[[Freud|Freud, Sigmund]]. [[SE]] XVIII. 1921c. p.90.</ref>
It can be desexualized or used in [[sublimation]].
===Sexual Desire===
[[Freud]] insisted on the sexual [[nature ]] of this energy.
[[Libido]] is a specifically sexual energy.
[[Libido]] is also described by [[Freud]] as [[being ]] [[active]] and [[masculine]].
Throughout his [[work]], [[Freud]] maintained a [[dualism ]] in which the [[libido]] is opposed to [[another ]] (non-sexual) [[form ]] of energy.
[[Freud]] made a [[distinction ]] between the sexual or libidinal [[drives ]] and the [[self]]-preservation of ego drives.
===Carl Jung===
One of the major sources of the disagreement between [[Freud]] and [[Jung]] is the later's tendency to desexualize the concept of [[libido]] and to dissolve it into a more general [[category ]] of mental energy.
[[Jung]] opposed this dualism, positing a single form of [[life]]-energy which is neutral in [[character]], and proposed that this energy be denoted by the term "[[libido]]."
==Jacques Lacan==
[[Lacan]] uses the term "[[libido]]" very sparingly, and tends to discuss [[sexuality ]] in [[terms ]] of [[desire]] and ''[[jouissance]]''.
In general [[Lacan]] does not use the term "[[libido]]" anywhere near as frequently as [[Freud]], preferring to reconceptualize sexual energy in terms of ''[[jouissance]]''.
In the 1950s [[Lacan]] locates the [[libido]] in the [[imaginary order]].
<blockquote>"Libido and the ego are on the same side. [[Narcissism ]] is libidinal."<ref>{{S2}} p.326</ref></blockquote>
From 1964 on, however, there is a shift to articulating the [[libido]] more with the [[real]].<ref>{{Ec}} p.848-9</ref>
