Changes
The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).
{{Top}}| align="[[left]]" style="margin-right:10px;line-height:2.0em;text-align:left;align:left;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #aaa" | [[French]]: ''[[mathème{{Bottom}}
The term [[matheme|mathème]] is a concept introduced in neologism which [[Lacan]] derives from the [[{{LB}}word]] "[[mathematics]], presumably by analogy with the term ''[[mytheme]]'' (a term coined by [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]] to denote the basic constituents of [[myth]]ological [[system]]s).<ref>[[Claude Lévi-Strauss|workLévi-Strauss, Claude]]. 1955.</ref> The [[matheme]] s are part of [[Jacques Lacanalgebra|Lacanian algebra]].
<!-- The [[matheme]] is a [[concept]] introduced in the [[{{LB}}|work]] of [[Jacques Lacan]]. The "[[matheme]]" is a neologism coined by [[Jacques Lacan]] in the early 1970s. Formed by derivation from "[[mathematics]]" and by analogy with [[phoneme]] and [[Lévi-Strauss]]'s [[mytheme]],<ref>''Mytheme'' is a term coined by [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]] to denote the basic constituents of mythological systems.</ref> the term is an equivalent to "[[algebra|mathematical sign]]". It is not used in conventional [[mathematics]], but is part of [[Lacan]]'s [[algebra]]. -->
==Schema L==
[[Image:Schema.L.simplifie.gif|thumb|150px|right|Schema L]]
==Signifier==
[[Image:SAUSSUREANALGORITHM.gif|thumb|100px|right|Saussurean algorithm|The Saussurean algorithm]]
Perhaps the most familiar [[matheme]] is the "[[matheme|algorithm]]" which in 1957 replaces [[Saussure]]'s simple diagram / arbor with the [[notion]] '''S/s'''. In 1957, [[Lacan]] replaces [[Saussure]]'s diagram of the [[sign]] with what is now referred to as the "'''[[Saussurean algorithm]]'''".<ref>{{E}} p. 149</ref> The [[matheme]] [[links]] the [[law]]s of the [[unconscious]] discovered by [[Freud]] to the [[law]]s of [[language]] ([[metaphor]] and [[metonymy]]).
This is to be [[understood]] as demonstrating that the [[signifier]] is above the [[signified]] , showing the primacy of the [[signifier]] (which is capitalized, whereas the [[signified]] is reduced to mere lower-[[case]] italic), and that the two are separated by a [[bar]] that resists [[signification]] and forces the [[signifier]] to [[slip|slide]] endlessly.<ref>{{L}} "[[The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason Since Freud|L'instance de la lettre dans l'inconscient ou la raison depuis Freud]]." ''[[Écrits]]''. [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1966: 493-528 ["[[The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason Since Freud|The agency of the letter in the unconscious or reason since Freud]]." Trans. [[Alan Sheridan]] ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]''. [[London]]: Tavistock, 1977; New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1977: 146-78].</ref>
==Compendium==
In 1955'The Twit', he says that he has mathematized his discourse so that it could be taught: 'the unteachable, I turned into a mathème' ([[Scilicet]] 4, 1973, p. 39). But what exactly is a mathème? What does Lacanhave in [[mind]]?Is he [[thinking]] of the [[formulas]] that [[punctuate]] introduced what could be called his first [[mathemeteachings]], such as the relatively simple "'''formulas for metaphor and metonymy, for [[schema Linstance]]'''", illustrating or the formulas for [[imaginary|imaginary functionsexuation]] ? Or is he rather thinking of the [[egotopological]].constructions on the torus and the [[cross-cap]] that he had just introduced, not as metaphor, but as structure itself?
If one tracks down the word 'mathème'in '[[Schema L]]''The Twit' , it first appears to be intertwined with the topological [[identification|identifiesconstruction]] four points in presented as contributing to the [[signifying chain]]analytical discourse, to its fabric: # 'No other fabric to endow it with but the language of a pure matheme, in other [[Image:Biga.gifwords]], the only teachable discourse' (1973, p. 28). The definition, which [[unconsciousidentifies]] or the "mathème with the teachable, supersedes the mathematizable itself, since [[discoursethe Real]] can only be apprehended through mathematics, except the real of the [[Otherimpossible]]]", and then .# [[Image:Smalls.gifsexual]]relation, the [[subject]]which, which in turn results from the relation between # [[Image:Smalla.gif]]point of fact, the cannot be transcribed by any [[egomathematical]] and # [[Imagerelation:Smalla'.gif]], This is why the mathèmes which are transcribed as [[counterpart|otherdead]]-ends by the mathematizable, that is, the teachable in the Real, are likely to be coordinated to this "impossible" from the Real' (p. 35).
How is the mathème apprehended in the structure of our language? The first mathèmes, the arithmetical [[figures]], are on the border of language, in its fringe: 'The mathème is a product of the only real which is first recognized in language: the arithmetical [[figure]]' (1973, p. 37). The arithmetical figure is on the border between common language and mathematical discourse. The first figures are [[signifiers]], but these quickly become meaningless.
If the only valuable teaching is the one that can be transcribed into a mathème, then the teacher's [[role]] is reduced to the ultimate: to transmit an elaboration without having anything to do with it. The consequence is the same with all writing: Scilicet, the journal where 'The Twit' ('L'Étourdit') was first published is — except for Lacan's [[texts]] — a collection of unsigned articles after Bourbaki's style of presentation, Bourbaki being one of the collective and anonymous mathematical writers of the [[time]]. As J. C. Milner points out in his book on Lacan, the [[master]]'s figure [[disappears]] with the mathèmes: we are left with professors.
If one takes Lacan's topology and mathèmes seriously, the clinical [[scene]] changes too. That which makes the symbolic ensnare and bump into the impossible of the real becomes clearer in the light of what Lacan called the topology of signifiers, which taps in the general topology of kinship between signifiers, a topology which, according to Lacan, is budding, if not [[born]], in Freud's '[[Project]]' (Esquisse, see [[Ornicar]]? 36). Inasmuch as it can be separated from the [[clinic]] of signifiers, the clinic of the [[object]] is spotted in, by, and through, the topology of surfaces, just as Lacan shows in 'The Twit' and in some of his later [[seminars]].
Later, J. A. Miller took up the clinical stake. He focused on interpretation. There is a trace of this concern in Revue de la cause Freudienne, No. 34. The classical interpretation that focused on [[meaning]] is no longer convincing; we are witnessing what S. Cottet would describe as 'the decline of interpretation'. This led J. A. Miller to devise a conception of interpretation aiming at the level of the Real where 'it is loving it' (ça jouit) rather than at the level where 'it speaks' (ça parle). If the analytical interpretation is that through which the Real is asserting itself, then interpretation is a matter of formalization — supposing that the mathematical formalization is the only one that can reach the Real. This is what Lacan explores (1996, p. 18).
The Borromean knot provides an illustration of what Lacan was striving to achieve with a 'mathematical clinic'. This knot consists of [[three]] 'loops of string': two of these loops are loose while the [[third]] is tied. Thus, when one loop becomes undone, all three become undone. This first enabled Lacan to illustrate the [[solidarity]] of the three [[registers]], that is, [[the Imaginary]], the Real, and [[the Symbolic]], in the knot which defines the [[human]] subject. But in the year of his seminar on [[Joyce]], which is when the question of the structure of the writer arises, Lacan devises a knot with three untied loops that would collapse unless a fourth loop ties [[them]] all together. Lacan identifies this fourth loop with the symptom - spelled [[sinthome]] in Joyce's case. Thus, Joyce's [[psychosis]] never manifested, because his writing acted as a [[substitute]] that held together the three registers, despite Joyce's obvious [[lack]] of the [[paternal function]]. One could therefore generalize the question of the real of the symptom as being equivalent to the [[Father]], as father version (or to [[invert]] elements in the pun, père-version), that holds the knot together. It might now be possible to differentiate between types and to [[outline]] a clinic.
<!--
See also: Borromean knot, formulas, imaginary, real, symbolic, topology other [[terms]]: fantasy, interpretation, symptom, torus
References Lacan, J. (1973) 'L'Étourdit' (The Twit). Scilicet, 4. Lacan, J. (1975) [1972-73] De Séminaire XX Encore. Paris, Seuil. Lacan, J. (1976) De Sinthome, Séminaire XXIII (1975-76), [[ornicar?]] 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 [Provisional transcription]. Lacan, J. (1986) [1945-46] Esquisse. ornicar? 36. Miller, J. A. (1996) 'Retour de Granade: [[Savoir]] et satisfaction'. Revue de la cause Freudienne, 33: 7-15. Miller, J. A. (1996) 'De monologue de l'appard'. Revue de la cause Freudienne, 34: 7-18. Milner, J. C. (1995) D'oeuvre Claire. Paris: Seuil. Nathalie Charraud (trans. Dominique Hecq)
-->
{{See}}
* [[Algebra]]
* [[Borromean knot]]
* [[Drive]]
* [[Fantasy]]
||
* [[FantasyFormula]]s
* [[Graph of desire]]
* [[Imaginary]]
* [[Interpretation]]
||
* [[Knowledge]]
* [[Mathematics]]
* [[Real]]
* [[Schema]]
||
* [[Signification]]
* [[Structure]]
* [[Subject]]
* [[Symbol]]
||
* [[Symbolic]]
* [[Symptom]]
* [[Topology]]
* [[Torus]]
{{Also}}
<references/>
* [[Lacan, Jacques]]. (1973) 'L'Etourdit' (The Twit). Scilicet, 4.
* [[Lacan, Jacques]]. (1975) [1972-73] Le Seminaire xx Encore. Paris, Seuil.
* [[Lacan, Jacques]]. (1976) Le Sinthome, Seminaire XXIII (1975-76), Ornicar? 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 [Provisional transcription].
* [[Lacan, Jacques]]. (1986) [1945-46] Esquisse. Ornicar? 36.
* [[Miller, Jacques-Alain]]. (1996) 'Retour de Granade: Savoir et satisfaction'. Revue de la cause Freudienne, 33: 7-15.
* [[Miller, Jacques-Alain]]. (1996) 'Le monologue de l'appard'. Revue de la cause Freudienne, 34: 7-18.
* [[Milner, Jean-Claude]]. (1995) L'Oeuvre Claire. Paris: Seuil.
</div>
{{OK}}
__NOTOC__
