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Metalanguage

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: [[Fr]]. ''[[{{Top}}métalangage]]''{{Bottom}}
=====Linguistic Definition=====
"[[Metalanguage]]" is the technical [[linguistic]] term for any [[form ]] of [[language]] which is used to describe or analyze the properties of [[another ]] [[language]].
=====Roman Jakobson=====
[[Roman Jakobson]] includes the metalingual function in his [[list ]] of the functions of [[language]].<ref>[[Roman Jakobson|Jakobson, Roman]]. (1960) "Linguistics and poetics," in ''Selected Writings'', vol. II, ''[[Poetry ]] of Grammar and Grammar of Poetry'', The [[Hague]]: Mouton, 1981[1960]., p.25</ref>
=====Jacques Lacan=====
[[Lacan]]'s first reference to [[metalanguage]] comes in 1956, when he echoes [[Jakobson]]'s view on the metalingual function of all [[language]]:
<blockquote>"All [[language]] implies a [[metalanguage]], its already a [[metalanguage]] of its own [[register]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 226</ref></blockquote>
=====Later Work=====
A few years later, in 1960, he says precisely the opposite, arguing that "no [[metalanguage]] can be spoken."<ref>{{E}} p.311</ref>
=====No "Outside" of Language=====What [[Lacan]] appears to mean by this remark is that, since every attempt to fix the [[signification|meaning ]] of [[language ]] must be done in [[language]], there can be no escape from [[language]], no "outside".
This is reminiscent of [[Heidegger]]'s views on the impossibility of exiting "the house of language." This also appears similar to the structuralist theme of ''il n'y a rien hors du texte'' ('there is nothing outside the text'), but it is not the same; [[Lacanimpossibility]] does not deny that there is a beyond of [[language]] (this beyond is the [[real]]), but he does argue that this beyond is not of a kind that could finally anchor meaning. There is, in other words, no transcendental signified, no way that language could "tell the truth about truth."<ref>{{Ec}} p.867-8</ref> The same point is also expressed in the phrase; "there is no Other of the Other."<ref>{{E}} p.311</ref> If the Otheer is the guarantee of the coherence of the subject's discourse, then the falsity of this guarantee is revealed by the fact that the guarantor himself lacks such a guarantee.   In a clinical context, this means that there is no metalanguage of the transference, no point outside the transference from which it could be finally interpreted and "liquidated.exiting "       =More=  [[Lacan]] rejects the very possibility of a metalinguistic dimension, denies the [[existence]] of any [[metalanguage]]. [[Lacan]] follows [[Heidegger]]'s view of [[language]] as a "house of being" of which it is impossible to step [[outside]].<ref>1960</ref> [[Lacan]] does not deny that there is a beyond of [[language]], but he does argue that this beyond is not of a kind that could finally anchor [[meaning]].  There is no transcendental [[signified]], no way that [[language]] could "tell the [[truth]] about [[truth]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 867-8</ref> ==Other of the Other==The same point is also expressed in the phrase, "there is no Other of the Other."<ref>{{E}} p.311</ref> If the [[Other]] is the [[guarantee]] of the coherence of the [[subject]]'s [[discourse]], then the [[falsity]] of this [[guarantee]] is revealed by the fact that the [[guarantor]] himself [[lack]]s such a [[guarantee]].  ==Psychoanalytic Treatment==In a [[clinical]] context, this means that there is no [[metalanguage]] of the [[transference]], no point [[outside]] the [[transference]] from which it could be finally [[interpreted]] and 'liquidated'.
=====Metalanguage Does Not Exist=====
[[Lacan]] rejects the very possibility of a [[metalanguage|metalinguistic dimension]], denies the [[existence]] of any [[metalanguage]].
[[Lacan]] follows [[Heidegger]]'s view of [[language]] as a "house of [[being]]" of which it is [[impossible]] to step [[outside]].
=====Meaning Beyond Language=====
This also appears similar to the [[structuralism|structuralist]] theme of ''il n'y a rien hors du texte'' ("there is [[nothing]] outside the [[text]]"), but it is not the same; [[Lacan]] does not deny that there is a beyond of [[language]] (this beyond is the [[real]]), but he does argue that this beyond is not of a kind that could finally anchor [[signification|meaning]].
There is, in other [[words]], no [[transcendental]] [[signified]], no way that [[language]] could "tell the [[truth]] [[about]] truth."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 867-8</ref>
=====No Other of the Other=====
The same point is also expressed in the phrase:
<blockquote>"There is no [[Other of the Other]]."<ref>{{E}} p. 311</ref></blockquote>
If the [[Other]] is the [[guarantee]] of the [[coherence]] of the [[subject]]'s [[discourse]], then the [[falsity]] of this guarantee is revealed by the fact that the [[guarantor]] himself [[lacks]] such a guarantee.
=====Transference=====
In a [[clinical]] context, this means that there is no [[metalanguage]] of the [[transference]], no point outside the [[transference]] from which it could be finally [[interpretation|interpreted]] and "liquidated."
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Discourse]]
* [[Interpretation]]
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* [[Language]]
* [[Linguistics]]
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* [[Other]]
* [[Real]]
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* [[Subject]]
* [[Transference]]
{{Also}}
==References==
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[[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]]{{OK}}
[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Symbolic]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:OK]]
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