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=====Linguistic Definition=====
"[[Metalanguage]]" is the technical [[linguistic]] term for any [[form]] of [[language]] which is used to describe or analyze the properties of [[another]] [[language]].
=====Roman Jakobson=====
[[Roman Jakobson]] includes the metalingual function in his [[list]] of the functions of [[language]].<ref>[[Roman Jakobson|Jakobson, Roman]]. "Linguistics and poetics," in ''Selected Writings'', vol. II, ''[[Poetry]] of Grammar and Grammar of Poetry'', The [[Hague]]: Mouton, 1981 [1960]., p. 25</ref>
=====Jacques Lacan=====
=====Early Work=====
[[Lacan]]'s first reference to [[metalanguage]] comes in 1956, when he echoes [[Jakobson]]'s view on the metalingual function of all [[language]]:
<blockquote>"All [[language]] implies a [[metalanguage]], its already a [[metalanguage]] of its own [[register]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 226</ref></blockquote>
=====Later Work=====
A few years later, in 1960, he says precisely the opposite, arguing that "no [[metalanguage]] can be spoken."<ref>{{E}} p.311</ref>
=====No "Outside" of Language=====
What [[Lacan]] appears to mean by this remark is that, since every attempt to fix the [[signification|meaning]] of [[language]] must be done in [[language]], there can be no escape from [[language]], no "outside".
This is reminiscent of [[Heidegger]]'s views on the [[impossibility]] of exiting "the house of language."
=====Metalanguage Does Not Exist=====
[[Lacan]] rejects the very possibility of a [[metalanguage|metalinguistic dimension]], denies the [[existence]] of any [[metalanguage]].
[[Lacan]] follows [[Heidegger]]'s view of [[language]] as a "house of [[being]]" of which it is [[impossible]] to step [[outside]].
=====Meaning Beyond Language=====
This also appears similar to the [[structuralism|structuralist]] theme of ''il n'y a rien hors du texte'' ("there is [[nothing]] outside the [[text]]"), but it is not the same; [[Lacan]] does not deny that there is a beyond of [[language]] (this beyond is the [[real]]), but he does argue that this beyond is not of a kind that could finally anchor [[signification|meaning]].
There is, in other [[words]], no [[transcendental]] [[signified]], no way that [[language]] could "tell the [[truth]] [[about]] truth."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 867-8</ref>
=====No Other of the Other=====
The same point is also expressed in the phrase:
<blockquote>"There is no [[Other of the Other]]."<ref>{{E}} p. 311</ref></blockquote>
If the [[Other]] is the [[guarantee]] of the [[coherence]] of the [[subject]]'s [[discourse]], then the [[falsity]] of this guarantee is revealed by the fact that the [[guarantor]] himself [[lacks]] such a guarantee.
=====Transference=====
In a [[clinical]] context, this means that there is no [[metalanguage]] of the [[transference]], no point outside the [[transference]] from which it could be finally [[interpretation|interpreted]] and "liquidated."
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Discourse]]
* [[Interpretation]]
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* [[Language]]
* [[Linguistics]]
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* [[Other]]
* [[Real]]
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* [[Subject]]
* [[Transference]]
{{Also}}
==References==
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[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Symbolic]]
[[Category:TermsOK]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]]__NOTOC__
