Changes

Jump to: navigation, search

Metonymy

1,067 bytes added, 19:27, 20 May 2019
The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).
To the overall conception of linguistics he borrows from Saussure Lacan adds Roman Jakobson’s distinction between metaphor and metonymy:{{Top}}métonymie{{Bottom}}
On the basis of ===Linguistic Definition===[[Metonymy]] is usually defined as a distinction between two kinds of aphasia, Jakobson distinguished two fundamentally opposed axes of language: the metaphorical axis [[trope]] in which deals with the selection of linguistic items and allows for their substitution, and the metonymic axis which deals with the combination of linguistic terms (both sequentially and simultaneously). Metaphor thus corresponds a term is used to Saussure’s paradigmatic relations (denote an [[object]] which hold in absentia) and metonymy it does not literally refer to syntagmatic relationships (, but with which hold in praesentia)it is closely linked. This link may be one of [[physical]] contiguity, but not necessarily. (Evans 111)
That is===Roman Jakobson===However, metaphor can be seen as having a vertical relationship, in which [[Lacan]]'s use of the line between term owes little to this definition apart from the signifier and the signified is crossed[[notion]] of contiguity, as the signifier passes over into the signified and a new signifier since it is produced. For example, in inspired by the metaphor "Juliet is the sun" the various signifiers that might have stood in place [[work]] of "the sun" (glorious[[Roman Jakobson]], bright, fair, beautiful) thus pass through the barrier who established an opposition between the signifier [[metonymy]] and the signified, joining that object designated as "Juliet[[metaphor]].<ref>[[Roman Jakobson|Jakobson,Roman]]. " Two aspects of language and become signifieds two types of the new signifieraphasic disturbances, "the sun" (this example is drawn from Evans 111)''Selected Writings'', vol. A compression of linguistic space II, ''[[Word]] and relationsLanguage'', metaphor is the direct substitution of one signifier for another such that the second signifier ("the sun") supersedes the first (glorious, bright, fair, beautiful) in relation to the signified ("Juliet"). This process is the basic structure of identification as it occurs in the imaginary "since The [[itHague]] consists in substituting oneself for another" (Evans 113). And insofar as this process escapes full symbolization (i.e. insofar as it is a compression of language that brings the imaginary into play as an equal partner in the linguistic production of meaning), Lacan reads it as the basic structure of the symptom, as an indicator of a breakdown of the process of symbolising the imaginary: "if the symptom is a metaphorMouton, it is not a metaphor to say so 1971 […1956] the symptom is a metaphor" (Ecrits 175)., p. 21.</ref>
The second term which Lacan borrows from Jakobson to fill out his understanding ===Metonymic Axis of the symbolic order is metonymy: "following Language===Following [[Jakobson]], [[Lacan ]] [[links ]] [[metonymy ]] to the combinatorial axis of [[language]], as opposed to the [[substitutive ]] axis" (Evans 113). If metaphor is a process of substitution, whereby one signifier comes to stand in for another in relation to a given signified, then metonymy is a purely diachronic movement above the barrier separating signifier from signified. In contrast to the vertical motion of metaphor, it is a horizontal movement along the chain of signification, as "one signifier constantly refers to another in a perpetual deferral of meaning" (Evans 114). As the only realm in which meaning is generated, the symbolic’s dependence on the metonymic function of signifier relations thus becomes the primary focus of Lacan’s concern with language. He emphasises the metonymic deferral of meaning that takes place in the incessant play of signifiers, referring to the ready movement of the chain of signifiers over the signifieds as glissement (slippage). This designation of the movement along the signifying chain as a slippage emphasises Lacan’s re-writing of Saussure’s concept such that the relationship between signifier and signified ceases to be stable (if arbitrary) and becomes profoundly unstable.
===Diachronic Dimension of Signifying Chain===
In his most detailed work on the subject, [[Lacan]] defines [[metonymy]] as the [[diachrony|diachronic]] relation between one [[signifier]] and [[another]] in the [[signifying chain]].
 
===Metonymy Versus Metaphor===
[[Metonymy]] thus concerns the ways in which [[signifier]]s can be combined / linked in a single [[signifying chain]] ("horizontal" relations), whereas [[metaphor]] concerns the ways in which a [[signifier]] in one [[signifying chain]] may be substituted for a [[signifier]] in another [[chain]] ("vertical" relations). Together, [[metaphor]] and [[metonymy]] constitute the way in which [[signification]] is produced.
 
===Formula for Metonymy===
[[Lacan]] provides a [[formula]] for [[metonymy]].<ref>{{E}} p.164</ref>
 
[[Image:Lacan-metonymy.jpg|center]]
 
This formula is to be read as follows:
 
On the lefthand side of the [[algebra|equation]], [[outside]] the brackets, [[Lacan]] writes '''<i>f</i>''' '''S''', the [[paternal function|signifying function]], which is to say the effect of [[signification]]. [[Inside]] the brackets he writes '''S . . . S'''', the link between one [[signifier]] and another in a [[signifying chain]].
 
On the righthand side of the [[algebra|equation]] there is '''S''', the [[signifier]], and ('''---'''), the [[bar]] of the [[Saussure]]ean [[sign|algorithm]]. The [[sign]] <b>=</b> is to be read "is congruent with."
 
===Formula for Metonymy - Summary===
Thus the [[whole]] formula reads:
 
<blockquote>"The signifying function of the connection of the signifier with the signifier is congruent with maintenance of the bar."</blockquote>
 
The formula is meant to illustrate [[Lacan]]'s [[thesis]] that in [[metonymy]] the [[resistance]] of [[signification]] is maintained, the [[bar]] is not crossed, no new [[signified]] is produced.
 
===Contexts===
[[Lacan]] puts his [[concept]] of [[metonymy]] to use in a variety of contexts.
 
===Metonymy and Desire===
[[Lacan]] presents [[metonymy]] as a [[diachrony|diachronic]] movement from one [[signifier]] to another along the [[signifying chain]], as one [[signifier]] constantly refers to another in a perpetual [[deferred action|deferral]] of [[signification|meaning]].
 
[[Desire]] is also characterized by exactly the same never-ending [[process]] of continual [[deferred action|deferral]]; since [[desire]] is always "desire for something else,"<ref>{{E}} p. 167</ref> as soon as the [[object]] of [[desire]] is attained, it is no longer desirable, and the [[subject]]'s [[desire]] fixes on another [[object]]. Thus [[Lacan]] writes that "desire ''is'' a metonymy."<ref>{{E}} p. 175</ref>
 
===Metonymy and Displacement===
[[Lacan]] also follows [[Jakobson]] in linking the [[metaphor]]-[[metonymy]] [[distinction]] to the mechanisms of the [[dream work]] described by [[Freud]]. However, he differs from [[Jakobson]] over the precise [[nature]] of this link. Just as [[displacement]] is logically prior to [[condensation]], so [[metonymy]] is the condition for [[metaphor]], because "the coordination of [[signifiers]] has to be possible before transferences of the signified are able to take [[place]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 229</ref>
 
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Bar]]
* [[Desire]]
||
* [[Displacement]]
* [[Language]]
||
* [[Metaphor]]
* [[Signification]]
||
* [[Signifier]]
* [[Signifying chain]]
{{Also}}
 
== References ==
<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
<references/>
</div>
 
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:Dictionary]]
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Symbolic]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:ConceptsOK]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]]__NOTOC__
Anonymous user
Retrieved from "https://nosubject.com/Special:MobileDiff/5867...46546"

Navigation menu