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Mirror stage

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{{Top}}stade du miroir{{Bottom}}
==Jacques Lacan=====History===The [[concept]] of the [[mirror stage]] (also translated in English as 'the looking-glass phase') was the subject of is [[Lacan]]'s first official important contribution to [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic theory]], [[Lacan]]'s first innovation within the field of [[psychoanalysis]], when he propounded the concept to the Fourteenth International Psychoanalytical Congress at an [[IPA]] conference at [[Marienbad ]] in [[{{Y}}|1936 (the original 1936 paper was never published]]. The concept is a constant point of reference throughout [[Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]], but a rewritten version appeared and becomes increasingly [[complex]] as it is reworked in 1949)various different contexts.
From this point on, the ===Child Psychology===The "[[mirror stage forms |mirror test]]" was first described by the [[French]] [[psychology|psychologist]] and friend of [[Lacan]], Henri Wallon, in 1931, although [[Lacan]] attributes its discovery to Baldwin.<ref>{{E}} p. 1</ref> It refers to a constant point [[particular]] experiment which can differentiate the [[human]] [[infant]] from his closest [[animal]] relative, the chimpanzee. The six-­month-old child differs from the chimpanzee of reference throughout Lacan's entire workthe same age in that the former becomes fascinated with its [[reflection]] in the [[mirror]] and jubilantly assumes it as its own [[image]], whereas the chimpanzee quickly realizes that the [[image]] is [[illusory]] and loses interest in it.
While aPRa!.ently quite simple, the ===Structure of Subjectivity===[[Lacan]]'s concept of the [[mirror stage takes on an ever]] represents a fundamental aspect of the [[structure]] of [[subjectivity]]. Whereas in [[{{Y}}|1936-increasing 'complexity during 49]], [[Lacan]] seems to see it is a [[development|stage]] which can be located at a specific [[time]] in the course [[development]] of Lacan's workthe [[child]] with a beginning (six months) and an end (eighteen months), as <ref>{{E}} p. 5</ref> by the end of this period there are already [[signs]] that he takes it up and reworks it in various different contextsis broadening the concept.
---By the early 1950s [[Lacan]] no longer regards it simply as a [[moment]] in the [[life]] of the [[infant]], but sees it as also representing a permanent [[structure]] of [[subjectivity]], the paradigm of the [[imaginary|imaginary order]]; it is a stadium (''stade'') in which the [[subject]] is permanently [[captation|caught]] and [[captation|captivated]] by his own [[image]]:
The '<blockquote>[the mirror test' was [[stage]] is] a phenomenon to which I assign a twofold [[value]]. In the first described by [[place]], it has historical value as it marks a decisive turning-point in the French psychologist and friend [[mental]] development of the child. In the second place, it typifies an essential [[libidinal]] [[relationship]] with the [[body]]-image.<ref>{{L}} 1951b. "[[Works of Jacques Lacan, Henri Wall |Some Reflections onthe Ego]], in 1931" ''Int. J. [[Psycho]]-[[Anal]].'', although Lacan attributes its discovery to Baldwin (Evol. 34, 1). 1953: 14</ref></blockquote>
It refers to a particular experiment which can differentiate ===Dual Relationship===As Lacan further develops the human infant from his closest animal relativeconcept of the [[mirror stage]], the chimpanzeestress falls less on its "[[development|historical value]]" and ever more on its [[structure|structural value]].
The six­month-old child differs from the chimpanzee of the same age in that the former becomes fascinated with its reflection in the mirror and jubilantly assumes it as its own image, whereas the chimpanzee quickly realises that the image is illusory and loses interest in it. Thus by 1956 [[Lacan]] can say:
---<blockquote>[[The mirror stage]] is far from a mere phenomenon which occurs in the development of the child. It illustrates the conflictual [[nature]] of the [[dual]] relationship.<ref>{{S4}} p. 17</ref></blockquote>
Lacan's concept ===Ego Formation===The [[mirror stage]] describes the [[formation]] of the mirror stage (as opposed to Wallon's 'mirror test') is far more than a mere experiment: [[ego]] via the mirror stage represents a fundamental aspect [[process]] of [[identification]]; the structure [[ego]] is the result of subjectivity[[identifying]] with one's own [[specular image]].
Whereas in 1936-49, Lacan seems ===Prematurity of Infant===The key to see it is a stage which can be located at a specific time this phenomenon lies in the development [[helplessness|prematurity]] of the child with a beginning ([[human]] [[infant|baby]]: at six months) and an end (eighteen months) (see E, 5)the baby still [[lacks]] coordination. However, its [[visual]] [[system]] is relatively advanced, by the end of this period there are already signs which means that he is broadening it can recognize itself in the conceptmirror before attaining [[control]] over its [[bodily]] movements.
By The [[baby]] sees its own [[image]] as [[gestalt|whole]], and the early 1950s Lacan no longer regards it simply as [[dialectic|synthesis]] of this [[image]] produces a moment in [[sense]] of contrast with the life uncoordination of the body, which is experienced as a [[fragmented body]]; this contrast is first felt by the [[infant, but sees it ]] as also representing a permanent structure of subjectivity[[rivalry]] with its own [[image]], because the paradigm [[gestalt|wholeness]] of the IMAGINARY order; it is a stadium (stade) in which [[image]] threatens the subject is permanently caught with [[fragmentation]], and captivated by his own image; the [[the mirror stage is] a phenomenon ] thereby gives rise to which I assign a twofold valuean [[aggressivity|aggressive tension]] between the [[subject]] and the [[specular image|image]].
In [[order]] to resolve this [[aggressivity|aggressive tension]], the [[subject]] [[identifies]] with the [[image]]; this [[identification|primary identi­fication]] with the [[counterpart]] is what forms the [[ego]]. The moment of [[identifica­tion]], when the first place[[subject]] assumes its [[image]] as its own, it has historical value is described by [[Lacan]] as it marks a decisive turning-point in the mental development moment of the childjubilation,<ref>{{E}} p. 1</ref> since it leads to an [[imaginary]] sense of [[master|mastery]]:
In <blockquote>[the second place, it typifies an essential libidinal relationship with the bodychild's] joy is due to his imaginary triumph in anticipating a degree of muscular co-imageordination which he has not yet actually achieved. (Lacan, <ref>{{L}} 1951b: 14) ---As . "[[Works of Jacques Lacan further develops |Some Reflections on the concept of the mirror stageEgo]], the stress falls less on its " 'historical value' and ever more on its structural valueInt. J. Psycho-Anal. Thus by 1956 Lacan can say: 'The mirror stage is far from a mere phenomenon which occurs l in the development of the child. It illustrates the conflictual nature of the dual relationship' (S4, 17)Vol. ---The mirror stage describes the formation of the EGO via the process of identification34, 1953: 15; the ego is the result of identifying with one's own SPECULAR IMAGE{{S1}} p. 79</ref></blockquote>
The key to However, this phenomenon lies in jubilation may also be accompanied by a depressive reaction, when the prematurity [[child]] compares his own precarious sense of [[mastery]] with the human baby: at six months, omnipotence of the baby still lacks coordination[[mother]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 345; {{S4}} p. 186</ref>
However, its visual system is relatively advanoed, ===Ideal Ego===This [[identification]] also involves the [[ideal ego]] which functions as a promise of [[future]] [[gestalt|wholeness]] which means sustains the [[ego]] in [[time|anticipation]]. The [[mirror stage]] shows that it can recognise itself in the mirror before attaining control over its bodily movements[[ego]] is the product of [[méconnaissance|misunderstanding]] ([[méconnaissance]] and the site where the [[subject]] becomes [[alienation|alienated]] from himself.
The baby sees its own image as whole (see GESTALT), ===Imaginary and Symbolic===It represents the synthesis of this image produces a sense introduction of contrast with the uncoordination of [[subject]] into the body[[imaginary order]]. However, which is experienced as a FRAGMENTED BODY; this contrast is first felt by the infant as a rivalry with its own image, because the wholeness of the image threatens the subject with fragmentation, and the [[mirror stage thereby gives rise to ]] also has an aggressive tension between important [[symbolic|symbolic dimension]]. The [[symbolic order]] is [[present]] in the [[figure]] of the subject and [[adult]] who is carrying or supporting the image (see AGGRESSIVITY)[[infant]].
In order to resolve this aggressive tension, the subject identifies with the image; this primary identi­fication with the counterpart is,w.)1at forms the e.,go. The moment of identifica­tion, when after the [[subject assumes its ]] has jubilantly assumed his [[image ]] as its his own, is described by Lacan as a moment of jubilation (Ehe turns his head round towards this adult, 1)who represents the [[big Other]], since it leads as if to an imaginary sense of mastery; call on him to ratify this [[image]].<ref>{{L}} ''[the child[Seminar X|Le Séminaire. Livre X. L'sangoisse, 1962-3] joy is due to his imaginary triumph in anticipating a degree of muscular co-ordination which he has not yet actually achieved]'' (Lacan, 1951 b: 15; see Sl, 79). Unpublished. [[Seminar]] of 28 November 1962</ref>
However, this jubilation may ===Narcissism===The [[mirror stage]] is also be accompanied by a depressive reactionclosely related to [[narcissism]], when as the story of [[Narcissus]] clearly shows (in the child compares Greek [[myth]], [[Narcissus]] falls in [[love]] with his own precarious sense reflection).<ref>* "[[Le stade du miroir comme formateur de la fonction du Je]]." ''[[Écrits]]''. [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1966: 93-100 ["[[The mirror stage as formative of mastery with the omnipotence function of the mother (EcI]]." Trans. [[Alan Sheridan]]. ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]''. [[London]]: Tavistock, 3451977; S4New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 186)1977: 1-7]. </ref>
This identi­fication also involves the ideal ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Aggressivity]]* [[Alienation]]* [[Biology]]||* [[Captation]]* [[Ego]]* [[Gestalt]]||* [[Ideal ego which functions as a promise of future wholeness which sustains the e~ in anticipation. ]]* [[Identification]]* [[Imaginary]]||* [[Master]]* [[Narcissism]]* [[Other]]TllLmirrnr _st~e shows thatUbe ego ·is the product of misunderstanding (meconnaissanceJj and the site where ~e subject becomes alienated froIE: himself It §presents the introduction- of the subject into the imaginary order. ||* [[Psychology]]* [[Specular image]]{{Also}}
However, Ithe mirror stage also has an important symbolic dimensioE The symbolic otcrer is present in the figure of the adult who is carrying or supporting the infant. ==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>
The moment after the subject has jubilantly assumed his image as his own, he turns his head round towards this adult, who represents the big Other, as if to call on him to ratify this image (Lacan, 1962-3: seminar of 28 November 1962).  The mirror stage is also closely related to narcissism, as the story of Narcissus clearly shows (in the Greek myth, Narcissus falls in love with his own reflection).   * "[[Le stade du miroir comme formateur de la fonction du Je]]." ''[[Écrits]]''. Paris: Seuil, 1966: 93-100 ["[[The mirror stage as formative of the function of the I]]." Trans. [[Alan Sheridan]]. ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]''. London: Tavistock, 1977; New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1977: 1-7].  [[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]]{{OK}}
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