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==Jacques Lacan==
===PaperHistory===The [[concept]] of the [[mirror stage]] (also translated in is [[EnglishLacan]] as "'s first important contribution to [[mirror stagepsychoanalysis|the looking-glass phasepsychoanalytic theory]]") was the subject of , [[Lacan]]'s first official contribution to innovation within the field of [[psychoanalytic theorypsychoanalysis]], when he propounded the concept to the at an [[mirror stage|Fourteenth International Psychoanalytical CongressIPA]] conference at [[mirror stage|Marienbad]] in 1936 (the original 1936 paper was never published, but a rewritten version appeared in 1949). From this point on, the [[mirror stage{{Y}}|1936]] forms . The concept is a constant point of reference throughout [[Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|entire work]]. ===Development===While apparently quite simple, the concept of the and becomes increasingly [[mirror stagecomplex]] takes on an ever-increasing complexity during the course of [[Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]], as he takes it up and reworks it is reworked in various different contexts.
===Child Psychology===
The "[[mirror stage|mirror test]]" was first described by the [[French ]] [[psychology|psychologist ]] and friend of [[Lacan]], Henri Wallon, in 1931, although [[Lacan]] attributes its discovery to Baldwin.<ref>{{E}} p.1</ref> It refers to a [[particular ]] experiment which can differentiate the [[human]] [[infant]] from his closest [[animal]] relative, the chimpanzee. The six-month-old child differs from the chimpanzee of the same age in that the former becomes fascinated with its [[reflection ]] in the [[mirror]] and jubilantly assumes it as its own [[image]], whereas the chimpanzee quickly realizes that the [[image]] is [[illusory ]] and loses interest in it.
===Structure of Subjectivity===
By the early 1950s [[Lacan]] no longer regards it simply as a [[moment ]] in the [[life ]] of the [[infant]], but sees it as also representing a permanent [[structure]] of [[subjectivity]], the paradigm of the [[imaginary]] [[|imaginary order]]; it is a stadium (''stade'') in which the [[subject]] is permanently [[captation|caught]] and [[captation|captivated]] by his own [[image]]:
<blockquote>[the mirror [[stage ]] is] a phenomenon to which I assign a twofold [[value]]. In the first [[place]], it has historical value as it marks a decisive turning-point in the [[mental ]] development of the child. In the second place, it typifies an essential [[libidinal ]] [[relationship ]] with the [[body]]-image.<ref>{{L}} 1951b. "[[Works of Jacques Lacan|Some Reflections on the Ego]]," ''Int. J. [[Psycho]]-[[Anal]].'', vol. 34, 1953: 14</ref></blockquote>
===Dual Relationship===
Thus by 1956 [[Lacan]] can say:
<blockquote>[[The mirror stage ]] is far from a mere phenomenon which occurs in the development of the child. It illustrates the conflictual [[nature ]] of the [[dual ]] relationship.<ref>{{S4}} p. 17</ref></blockquote>
===Ego Formation===
The [[mirror stage]] describes the [[formation ]] of the [[ego]] via the [[process ]] of [[identification]]; the [[ego]] is the result of [[identifying]] with one's own [[specular image]].
===Prematurity of Infant===
The key to this phenomenon lies in the [[helplessness|prematurity]] of the [[human]] [[infant|baby]]: at six months, the baby still [[lacks ]] coordination. However, its [[visual ]] [[system ]] is relatively advanoedadvanced, which means that it can recognize itself in the mirror before attaining [[control ]] over its [[bodily ]] movements.
The [[baby]] sees its own [[image]] as [[gestalt|whole]], and the [[dialectic|synthesis]] of this [[image]] produces a [[sense ]] of contrast with the uncoordination of the body, which is experienced as a [[fragmented body]]; this contrast is first felt by the [[infant]] as a [[rivalry ]] with its own [[image]], because the [[gestalt|wholeness]] of the [[image]] threatens the subject with [[fragmentation]], and the [[mirror stage]] thereby gives rise to an [[aggressivity|aggressive tension]] between the [[subject]] and the [[specular image|image]].
In [[order ]] to resolve this [[aggressivity|aggressive tension]], the [[subject]] [[identifies]] with the [[image]]; this [[identification|primary identification]] with the [[ounterpartcounterpart]] is what forms the [[ego]]. The moment of [[identification]], when the [[subject]] assumes its [[image]] as its own, is described by [[Lacan]] as a moment of jubilation,<ref>{{E}} p. 1</ref> since it leads to an [[imaginary]] sense of [[master|mastery]]:
===Narcissism===
The [[mirror stage]] is also closely related to [[narcissism]], as the story of [[Narcissus]] clearly shows (in the Greek [[myth]], [[Narcissus]] falls in [[love]] with his own reflection). <ref>* "[[Le stade du miroir comme formateur de la fonction du Je]]." ''[[Écrits]]''. [[Paris]]: Seuil, 1966: 93-100 ["[[The mirror stage as formative of the function of the I]]." Trans. [[Alan Sheridan]]. ''[[Écrits: A Selection]]''. [[London]]: Tavistock, 1977; New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1977: 1-7].</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Aggressivity]]
* [[Alienation]]
* [[Biology]]
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* [[Captation]]
* [[Ego]]
* [[Gestalt]]
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* [[Ideal ego]]
* [[Identification]]
* [[Imaginary]]
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* [[Master]]
* [[Narcissism]]
* [[Other]]
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* [[Psychology]]
* [[Specular image]]
{{Also}}
[[Category:Imaginary]]
[[Category:Development]]