Changes

=====Sigmund Freud==========Love Object=====

=====Melanie Klein==========Dual Relation=====

=====Jacques Lacan==========Devouring Mother=====In his [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|pre-war writings]], [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]] alludes several times to [[Melanie Klein]]'s work, and describes the cannibalistic [[fantasy|fantasies]] of devouring, and being devoured by, the [[mother]]. [[Lacan]] argues that the first of the [[complex|family complex]]es is the [[complex|weaning complex]], in which the interrruption of the [[dual relation|symbiotic relation]] with the [[mother]] leaves a permanent trace in the [[development|child]]'s [[psyche]].

He also describes the [[Lacandeath drive]] argues that the first as a ''nostalgic yearning'' to return to this relation of fusion with the [[complex|family complexmother]]es is the 's [[complexmother|weaning complexbreast]], in which the interrruption . This view of the [[dual relation|symbiotic relationmother]] with as an engulfing force which threatens to devour the [[motherchild]] leaves is a permanent trace constant theme in the [[developmentJacques Lacan|childLacan]]'s [[psycheJacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]]thereafter.<ref>{{S4}} p. 195; {{S17}} p.118</ref>

He also describes the [[death drive]] as a ''nostalgic yearning'' to return to this relation of fusion with the [[mother]]'s [[mother|breast]]. This view of the [[mother]] as an engulfing force which threatens to devour the [[child]] is a constant theme in [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]] thereafter.<ref>{{S4}} p. 195; {{S17}} p. 118</ref> =====Socio-Symbolic World=====

=====Paternal Function=====

=====Oedipus Complex=====

=====Desire of the Mother=====According to [[Freud]], a [[woman]]'s [[desire]] to have a [[development|child]] is rooted in her [[envy]] of the [[man]]'s [[penis]]. When the [[girl]] first realizes that she does not possess a [[penis]], she feels deprived of something valuable, and seeks to compensate for this by obtaining a [[child]] as a [[symbolic]] [[fetish|substitute]] for the [[penis]] she has been denied.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex]]," 1924d. [[SE]] XIX, 173.</ref>

When the ===Symbolic Phallus===[[girlLacan]] first realizes that she does not possess a follows [[penisFreud]], she feels deprived of something valuable, and seeks to compensate for this by obtaining a arguing that the [[child]] as a always represents for the [[symbolicmother]] a [[fetish|substitute]] for the '''[[penisphallus|symbolic phallus]] ''' which she has been denied[[lacks]] (see [[privation]]).<ref>{{F}} " However, [[Works of Sigmund FreudLacan]] emphasizes that the [[fetish|substitute]] never really [[desire|The Dissolution of satisfies]] the Oedipus Complex[[mother]]," 1924d. ; her [[desire]] for the [[phallus]] persists even after she has had a [[SEchild]] XIX, 173.</ref>

=====Symbolic Phallus=====[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]], arguing that the [[child]] always represents for the [[mother]] a [[fetish|substitute]] for the '''[[phallus|symbolic phallus]]''' which she [[lacks]] (see [[privation]]). However, [[Lacan]] emphasizes that the [[fetish|substitute]] never really [[desire|satisfies]] the [[mother]]; her [[desire]] for the [[phallus]] persists even after she has had a [[child]]. ====="Che Vuoi?"=====

=====Imaginary Phallus=====The answer the [[child]]] comes up with is that what the [[mother]] [[desire]]s is the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]'''.  The [[child]] then seeks to [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by [[identification|identifying]] with the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]''' (or by [[identifying]] with the [[mother|phallic mother]], the [[mother]] imagined as possessing the [[phallus]]).  In this game of "to be or not to be the phallus," the [[child]] is completely at the mercy of the capricious [[desire]] of the [[mother]], [[helplessness|helpless]] in the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p. 69, 187</ref>

=====Anxiety=====However, this sense of [[helplessness|powerlessness]] may not give rise to much '''[[anxiety]]''' at first; for a time, the [[child]] experiences his attempts at being the [[phallus]] as a relatively satisfying game of seduction. It is only when the [[development|child]]'s [[drive|sexual drive]]s begin to stire (e.g. in infantile masturbation), and an element of the [[real]] is thus introduced into the [[imaginary]] game, that the omnipotence of the [[mother]] begins to provoke greater [[anxiety]] in the [[development|child]]. This '''[[anxiety]]''' is manifested in images of being devoured by the [[mother]], and is only resolved by the intervention of the [[real]] [[father]] who castrates the [[child]] in the third time of the [[Oedipus complex]].

It ===Imaginary, Symbolic and Real Mother===[[Lacan]] argues that it is only when important to distinguish between the [[developmentmother|childreal mother]]'s , the [[drivemother|sexual drivesymbolic mother]]s begin to stire (e.g. in infantile masturbation), and an element of the [[realmother|imaginary mother]]. The [[mother]] is thus introduced into manifests herself in the [[imaginaryreal]] game, that as the omnipotence primary caretaker of the [[motherinfant]] begins to provoke greater . The [[anxietyinfant]] in the is incapable of [[developmentsatisfaction|childsatisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely on an [[Other]] to care for him (see [[helplessness]]).

This '''===Symbolic Mother===The [[anxietymother]]''' is manifested in images first of being devoured all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[frustration|frustrating]] the [[subject]]'s [[demand]] (see [[frustration]]). When the [[mother]] ministers to the [[infant]], and is only resolved by bringing him the [[object]]s that will [[desire|satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]]s soon take on a [[symbolic]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; the intervention [[object]]s are seen as gifts, symbolic tokens of the [[mother]]'s [[love]]. Finally, it is the [[mother]]'s [[presence]] which testifies to this [[love]], even if she does not bring any [[real]] [[fatherobject]] who castrates with her. Consequently, the [[childmother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a ''traumatic rejection'', as a [[lack|loss]] in the third time of the her [[Oedipus complexlove]].

=====Imaginary, Symbolic and Real Mother==Symbolization===[[LacanFreud]] showed how the [[child]] argues that it is important attempts to distinguish between cope with this [[castration|loss]] by [[symbol|symbolizing]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[presence]]''' and '''[[absence]]''' in games and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[symbolization]] as the [[child]]'s first steps into the [[symbolic|real symbolic order]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 67-</ref> The [[mother]], which interests [[psychoanalytic theory]] is thus above all the [[mother|symbolic mother]], and the [[mother]] in her role as the primordial [[Other]]. It is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by [[interpretation|interpreting]] the [[child]]'s screams and thereby retroactively determining their [[signification|imaginary mothermeaning]] (see [[punctuation]]).

The [[mother]] manifests herself in the [[real]] as the primary caretaker of the [[infant]]. The [[infant]] is incapable of [[satisfaction|satisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely on an [[Other]] to care for him (see [[helplessness]]). =====Symbolic Mother=====The [[mother]] is first of all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[frustration|frustrating]] the [[subject]]'s [[demand]] (see [[frustration]]). When the [[mother]] ministers to the [[infant]], bringing him the [[object]]s that will [[desire|satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]]s soon take on a [[symbolic]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; the [[object]]s are seen as gifts, symbolic tokens of the [[mother]]'s [[love]]. Finally, it is the [[mother]]'s [[presence]] which testifies to this [[love]], even if she does not bring any [[real]] [[object]] with her. Consequently, the [[mother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a ''traumatic rejection'', as a [[lack|loss]] of her [[love]]. =====Symbolization=====[[Freud]] showed how the [[child]] attempts to cope with this [[castration|loss]] by [[symbol|symbolizing]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[presence]]''' and '''[[absence]]''' in games and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[symbolization]] as the [[child]]'s first steps into the [[symbolic|symbolic order]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 67-</ref> The [[mother]] which interests [[psychoanalytic theory]] is thus above all the [[mother|symbolic mother]], the [[mother]] in her role as the primordial [[Other]]. It is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by [[interpretation|interpreting]] the [[child]]'s screams and thereby retroactively determining their [[signification|meaning]] (see [[punctuation]]). =====Imaginary Mother=====The [[mother]] is manifested in the [[imaginary|imaginary order]] in a number of [[specular image|image]]s.  One important [[specular image|image]] that has aleady been mentioned is that of the devouring [[mother]] which is at the root of [[anxiety]].  Another important [[mother|maternal image]] is that of the [[mother|phallic mother]], the [[mother]] imagined as possessing the [[phallus|imaginary phallus]].