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==Sigmund Freud==
===Love Object===
In [[Freud]]'s account of the '''[[Oedipus complex]]''', the [[mother]] is the first '''[[love]] [[object]]''' of the [[child]]; it is only the [[intervention]] of the '''[[father]]''', via the [[threat]] of '''[[castration]]''', which forces the [[child]] to give up his '''[[desire]]''' for the [[mother]].
"==Melanie Klein=====Dual Relation===In the [[motherwork]] of [[Melanie Klein]], the emphasis shifted from the [[role]] of the '''[[father]]''' to the [[genital|pre-genital]]" ([[Frmother|mother-child]]. '''[[mèredual relation|relation]]'''; the latter was described as a [[sadistic]] relation in which the [[development|child]] makes (in [[fantasy]])vicious attacks on the [[mother]]'s [[fragmented body|body]] and then [[phobia|fear]]s retaliation from her.
==Jacques Lacan=====Devouring Mother===In his [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|pre-war writings]], [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]] alludes several [[times]] to [[FreudMelanie Klein]]'s account of work, and describes the cannibalistic [[Oedipus complexfantasy|fantasies]]of devouring, the and [[motherbeing]] is devoured by, the first [[lovemother]] . [[objectLacan]] argues that the first of the [[childcomplex|family complex]]; it es is only the intervention of the [[fathercomplex|weaning complex]], via in which the threat interrruption of the [[castrationdual relation|symbiotic relation]], which forces with the [[childmother]] to give up his leaves a permanent trace in the [[desiredevelopment|child]] for the 's [[motherpsyche]].
In He also describes the work of [[Melanie Kleindeath drive]], the emphasis shifted from the role of th eas a ''nostalgic [[fatheryearning]] '' to the pre-genital [[motherreturn]]-to this relation of fusion with the [[childmother]] 's [[dual relationmother|relationbreast]]; . This view of the latter was described as a [[sadisticmother]] relation in whic as an engulfing force which threatens to devour the [[child]] makes (is a constant theme in [[fantasy]]) vicious attacks on the [[motherJacques Lacan|Lacan]]'s [[bodyJacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]] and then [[fear]]s retaliation from herthereafter.<ref>{{S4}} p. 195; {{S17}} p.118</ref>
===Socio---Symbolic World===[[Lacan]] argues that the [[child]] must detach himself from the '''[[imaginary]] [[dual relation|relation]]''' with the [[mother]] in [[order]] to enter the [[symbolic|social world]]; failure to do so can result in any one of various peculiarities ranging from [[phobia]] to [[perversion]].
===Paternal Function===
Since the [[agent]] who helps the [[child]] to overcome the primary attachment to the [[mother]] is the [[father]], these peculiarities may also be said to result from a failure of the [[Name-of-the-Father|paternal function]].
In his pre-war writings, ===Oedipus Complex===Hence much of [[Lacan]] alludes several times to 's work is aimed at shifting the emphasis in [[psychoanalytic theory]] from the [[mother|mother-child]] relation (the [[Melanie Kleinpreoedipal]]'s work, and describes the cannibalistic prototype of the [[fantasiesimaginary]] ) back onto the role of devouring, and being devoured bythe [[father]] (the [[Oedipus complex]], the prototype of the [[mothersymbolic]]).
===Desire of the Mother===According to [[LacanFreud]], a [[woman]]'s [[desire]] to have a [[development|child]] is rooted in her [[envy]] argues that the first of the family complexes is [[man]]'s [[penis]]. When the weaning complex[[girl]] first realizes that she does not possess a [[penis]], in which the interrruption she feels deprived of the symbiotic relation with the something valuable, and seeks to compensate for this by obtaining a [[motherchild]] leaves as a permanent trace in [[symbolic]] [[fetish|substitute]] for the [[childpenis]] she has been denied.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex]]'s ," 1924d. [[psycheSE]]XIX, 173.</ref>
he also describes ===Symbolic Phallus===[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]], arguing that the [[child]] always represents for the [[death drivemother]] as a nostalgic yearning to return to this relation of fusion with [[fetish|substitute]] for the '''[[phallus|symbolic phallus]]''' which she [[lacks]] (see [[privation]]). However, [[Lacan]] emphasizes that the [[fetish|substitute]] never really [[desire|satisfies]] the [[mother]]'s ; her [[desire]] for the [[phallus]] persists even after she has had a [[breastchild]].
--==="Che Vuoi?"===The [[development|child]] soon realizes that he does not completely [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[desire]]''', that her [[desire]] aims at something beyond him, and thus attempts to decipher this enigmatic [[desire]]; he must work out an answer to the question ''[[Che vuoi?]]'' ("What do you [[want]] from me?").
This view of ===Imaginary Phallus===The answer the [[child]]] comes up with is that what the [[mother]] [[desire]]s is the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]'''. The [[child]] then seeks to [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by [[identification|identifying]] with the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]''' (or by [[identifying]] with the [[mother|phallic mother]], the [[mother]] imagined as an engulfing force whcih threatens possessing the [[phallus]]). In this [[game]] of "to be or not to devour be the phallus," the [[child]] is a constant theme in completely at the mercy of the capricious [[desire]] of the [[mother]], [[Lacanhelplessness|helpless]]'s work thereafterin the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p.195; {{S17}} p.11869, 187</ref>
===Anxiety===However, this [[Lacansense]] argues that of [[helplessness|powerlessness]] may not give rise to much '''[[anxiety]]''' at first; for a [[time]], the [[child]] must detach himself fromt he experiences his attempts at being the [[phallus]] as a relatively [[imaginarysatisfying]] game of [[seduction]]. It is only when the [[development|child]] 's [[dual relationdrive|relationsexual drive]]s begin to stire (e.g. in [[infantile]] [[masturbation]]), and an element of the [[real]] is thus introduced into the [[imaginary]] with game, that the omnipotence of the [[mother]] begins to provoke greater [[anxiety]] in order to enter the social world; failure to do so can result [[development|child]]. This '''[[anxiety]]''' is manifested in any one [[images]] of various peculiarities ranging from being devoured by the [[phobiamother]], and is only resolved by the intervention of the [[real]][[father] to ] who castrates the [[child]] in the [[third]] time of the [[perversionOedipus complex]].
Since ===Imaginary, Symbolic and Real Mother===[[Lacan]] argues that it is important to distinguish between the [[mother|real mother]], the agent who helps [[mother|symbolic mother]], and the [[childmother|imaginary mother]] to overcome . The [[mother]] manifests herself in the [[real]] as the primary attachment to caretaker of the [[motherinfant]]. The [[infant]] is the incapable of [[satisfaction|satisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely on an [[fatherOther]], these peculiarities may also be said to result from a failure of the paternal functioncare for him (see [[helplessness]]).
Hence much ===Symbolic Mother===The [[mother]] is first of all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[Lacanfrustration|frustrating]] the [[subject]]'s work is aimed at shifting the emphasis in [[psychoanalytic theorydemand]] (see [[frustration]] from ). When the [[mother]]-ministers to the [[childinfant]] relation (, bringing him the [[preoedipalobject]]s that will [[desire|satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]]s soon take on a [[symbolic]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; the prototype [[object]]s are seen as gifts, symbolic tokens of the [[imaginarymother]]) back onto 's [[love]]. Finally, it is the role of [[mother]]'s [[presence]] which testifies to this [[love]], even if she does not bring any [[real]] [[object]] with her. Consequently, the [[fathermother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a ''[[traumatic]] (the [[Oedipus complexrejection]]'', the prototype as a [[lack|loss]] of the her [[symboliclove]]).
==The Desire of the Mother=Symbolization===According [[Freud]] showed how the [[child]] attempts to cope with this [[Freudcastration|loss]] by [[symbol|symbolizing]], a the [[womanmother]]'s '''[[presence]]''' and '''[[absence]]''' in [[games]] and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[desiresymbolization]] to have a as the [[child]]'s first steps into the [[symbolic|symbolic order]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 67-</ref> The [[mother]] which interests [[psychoanalytic theory]] is rooted thus above all the [[mother|symbolic mother]], the [[mother]] in her role as the primordial [[envyOther]] of . It is she who introduces the [[manchild]] into [[language]] by [[interpretation|interpreting]] the [[child]]'s screams and thereby [[retroactively]] determining their [[signification|meaning]] (see [[penispunctuation]]).
When ===Imaginary Mother===The [[mother]] is manifested in the [[girlimaginary|imaginary order]] first realizes in a [[number]] of [[specular image|image]]s. One important [[specular image|image]] that has aleady been mentioned is that of the devouring [[mother]] which is at the root of [[anxiety]]. [[Another]] important [[mother|maternal image]] is that she does not possess a penis, she feels deprived of something valuablethe [[mother|phallic mother]], and seeks to compensate for this by obtaining a child the [[mother]] imagined as a symbolic substitute for possessing the penis she has been denied.<ref>Freud[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]. 1924d</ref>
[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]], aruging that the [[child]] always represents for the [[mother]] a substitute for the [[symbolic]] [[phallus]] which she [[lacks]] (see [[privation]]). However, [[Lacan]] emphasizes that ths substitute never really satisfies the [[mother]]; her [[desire]] for the [[phallus]] persists even after she has had a [[child]]. The [[child]] soon realizes that he does not completely [[satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]], that her [[desire]] aims at something beyond him, andthus attempts to decipher this enigmatic [[desire]]; he must work out an answer to the question ''Che vuoi?'' ("What do you want from me?"). The answer the [[child]]] comes up with is that what the [[mother]] [[desire]]s is the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]]. The [[child]] then seeks to [[satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by identifying with the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]] (or by identifying with the phallic mother, the mother imagined as possessing the phallus). In this game of "to be or not to be the phallus," the child is completely at the mercy of the capricious [[desire]] of the [[mother]], [[helplessness|helpless]] in the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p.69, 187</ref> However, this sense o fpowerlessness may not give rise to much [[anxiety]] at first; for a time, the [[child]] experiencces his attempts at being the [[phallus]] as a relatively satisfying game of seduction. It is only when the [[child]]'s sexual drives begin to stire (e.g. in infantile masturbation), and na element of the [[real]] is thus introduced into the[[imaginary]] game, that the omnipotence of the [[mother]] begins to provoke greater [[anxiety]] in the [[child]]. This [[anxiety]] is manifested in iamges of being devoured by the [[mother]], and is only resolved by the intervention of the [[real]] [[father]] who castrates the [[child]] in the third time of the [[Oedipus complex]]. ==The =Real Mother: Real, Symbolic and Imaginary=== [[Lacan]] argues that it is important to distinguish between the [[real]] [[mother]], the [[symbolic]] [[mother]], and the [[imaginary]] [[mother]]. -- The [[mother]] manifests herself in the [[real]] as the primary caretaker of the [[infant]]. The [[infant]] is incapable of [[satisfaction|satisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely Lacan’s remarks on an [[Other]] to care for him (see [[helplessness]]). The [[mother]] is first of all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[frustration|frustrating]] the [[subjectReal]]'s [[demand]] (see [[frustration]]). --- When the [[mother]] ministers to the [[infant]], bringing him the [[object]]s that will [[satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]]s soon take on a [[symbolic]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; the [[object]]s Mother are seen as gifts, symbolic tokens of the [[mother]]'s [[love]]. Finallyfew and far between, but it is the [[mother]]'s [[presence]] which testifies to this [[love]], even if she does not bring any real object with her. COnsequently, the [[mother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a traumatic rejection, as a loss of her love. [[Freud]] showed how the [[child]] attempts safe bet to cope with this loss by symbolizing assume that the [[[mother]]'s [[presence]] and [[absence]] in games and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[symbolization]] as the [[chld]]'s first steps into the [[symbolic order."<ref>{{S4}} p.67-</ref> The [[mother]] which itnerests [[psychoanalytic theory]] Real Mother is thus above all none other than the [[symbolic]] [[motherdas Ding|Thing]]itself, the [[mother]] in her role as the primordial ultimate [[Otherobject of desire]]. it is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by interpreting the [[child]]'s screams and thereby retroactively determining their meaning (see [[punctuation]]). ----  The [[mother]] Real Mother is manifested in the [[imaginary order]] in a number of images. One important image that has aleady been mentioned is that of the devouring mother which is at the root of anxiety.  Another important maternal image is that of the phallic motherone we are once united with, or indeed the mother imagined as possessing the imaginary phallusOne beyond all symbolization itself.
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Absence]]
* [[Anxiety]]
* [[Demand]]
||
* [[Desire]]
* [[Drive]]
* [[Dual relation]]
||
* [[Father]]
* [[Frustration]]* [[Helplessness]]||* [[Language]]* [[Lack]]* [[Love]]||* [[Name-of-the-Father]]* [[Need]]* [[Oedipus complex]]||* [[Other]]* [[Phallus]]* [[Privation]]{{Also}}* [http://www.ny-liability-insurance.com/ Liability Insurance NY]
==References==
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