Changes

==Sigmund Freud=====Love Object===In [[Freud]]'s account of the '''[[Oedipus complex]]''', the [[mother]] is the first '''[[love]] [[object]] ''' of the [[child]]; it is only the [[intervention ]] of the '''[[father]]''', via the [[threat ]] of '''[[castration]]''', which forces the [[child]] to give up his '''[[desire]] ''' for the [[mother]].

==Melanie Klein=====Dual Relation===In the [[work ]] of [[Melanie Klein]], the emphasis shifted from the [[role ]] of th ethe '''[[father]] ''' to the [[genital|pre-genital ]] [[mother]]|mother-[[child]] '''[[dual relation|relation]]'''; the latter was described as a [[sadistic]] relation in whic which the [[development|child]] makes (in [[fantasy]]) vicious attacks on the [[mother]]'s [[fragmented body|body]] and then [[phobia|fear]]s retaliation from her.

==Jacques Lacan=====Devouring Mother===In his [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|pre---war writings]], [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]] alludes several [[times]] to [[Melanie Klein]]'s work, and describes the cannibalistic [[fantasy|fantasies]] of devouring, and [[being]] devoured by, the [[mother]]. [[Lacan]] argues that the first of the [[complex|family complex]]es is the [[complex|weaning complex]], in which the interrruption of the [[dual relation|symbiotic relation]] with the [[mother]] leaves a permanent trace in the [[development|child]]'s [[psyche]].

In his pre===Socio-war writings, Symbolic World===[[Lacan]] alludes several times to argues that the [[child]] must detach himself from the '''[[imaginary]] [[Melanie Kleindual relation|relation]]'s work, and describes '' with the cannibalistic [[fantasiesmother]] in [[order]] to enter the [[symbolic|social world]]; failure to do so can result in any one of devouring, and being devoured by, the various peculiarities ranging from [[phobia]] to [[motherperversion]].

===Paternal Function===Since the [[Lacanagent]] argues that who helps the first of the family complexes is the weaning complex, in which the interrruption of [[child]] to overcome the symbiotic relation with primary attachment to the [[mother]] leaves a permanent trace in is the [[childfather]]'s , these peculiarities may also be said to result from a failure of the [[psycheName-of-the-Father|paternal function]].

he also describes ===Oedipus Complex===Hence much of [[Lacan]]'s work is aimed at shifting the emphasis in [[death drivepsychoanalytic theory]] from the [[mother|mother-child]] as a nostalgic yearning to return to this relation (the [[preoedipal]], the prototype of the [[imaginary]]) back onto the role of fusion with the [[motherfather]] (the [[Oedipus complex]]'s , the prototype of the [[breastsymbolic]]).

This view of ===Symbolic Phallus===[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]], arguing that the [[motherchild]] as an engulfing force whcih threatens to devour always represents for the [[childmother]] is a constant theme in [[Lacanfetish|substitute]] for the '''[[phallus|symbolic phallus]]'s work thereafter'' which she [[lacks]] (see [[privation]]).<ref>{{S4}} p.195 However, [[Lacan]] emphasizes that the [[fetish|substitute]] never really [[desire|satisfies]] the [[mother]]; {{S17}} pher [[desire]] for the [[phallus]] persists even after she has had a [[child]].118</ref>

==="Che Vuoi?"===The [[Lacandevelopment|child]] argues soon realizes that he does not completely [[desire|satisfy]] the [[childmother]] must detach himself fromt he 's '''[[imaginarydesire]] ''', that her [[dual relation|relationdesire]] with the aims at something beyond him, and thus attempts to decipher this enigmatic [[motherdesire]] in order ; he must work out an answer to enter the social world; failure to do so can result in any one of various peculiarities ranging from question ''[[phobiaChe vuoi?]] to '' ("What do you [[perversionwant]]from me?").

Since ===Imaginary Phallus===The answer the agent who helps [[child]]] comes up with is that what the [[mother]] [[desire]]s is the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]'''. The [[child]] then seeks to overcome [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by [[identification|identifying]] with the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]''' (or by [[identifying]] with the primary attachment to [[mother|phallic mother]], the [[mother]] is imagined as possessing the [[fatherphallus]], these peculiarities may also ). In this [[game]] of "to be said or not to result from a failure be the phallus," the [[child]] is completely at the mercy of the capricious [[desire]] of the paternal function[[mother]], [[helplessness|helpless]] in the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p. 69, 187</ref>

Hence ===Anxiety===However, this [[sense]] of [[helplessness|powerlessness]] may not give rise to much of '''[[Lacananxiety]]'s work is aimed '' at shifting first; for a [[time]], the emphasis in [[psychoanalytic theorychild]] from experiences his attempts at being the [[motherphallus]] as a relatively [[satisfying]] game of [[seduction]]-. It is only when the [[development|child]] relation 's [[drive|sexual drive]]s begin to stire (e.g. in [[infantile]] [[masturbation]]), and an element of the [[real]] is thus introduced into the [[preoedipalimaginary]] game, that the omnipotence of the prototype [[mother]] begins to provoke greater [[anxiety]] in the [[development|child]]. This '''[[anxiety]]''' is manifested in [[images]] of being devoured by the [[imaginarymother]]) back onto , and is only resolved by the role intervention of the [[real]] [[father]] (who castrates the [[Oedipus complex, child]] in the prototype [[third]] time of the [[symbolicOedipus complex]]).

==The Desire of the =Imaginary, Symbolic and Real Mother===According [[Lacan]] argues that it is important to distinguish between the [[Freudmother|real mother]], a the [[womanmother|symbolic mother]]'s , and the [[desiremother|imaginary mother]] to have a . The [[childmother]] is rooted manifests herself in her the [[envyreal]] as the primary caretaker of the [[maninfant]]'s . The [[infant]] is incapable of [[satisfaction|satisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely on an [[Other]] to care for him (see [[penishelplessness]]).

===Symbolic Mother===The [[mother]] is first of all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[frustration|frustrating]] the [[subject]]'s [[demand]] (see [[frustration]]). When the [[girlmother]] ministers to the [[infant]], bringing him the [[object]] first realizes s that she does not possess will [[desire|satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]]s soon take on a penis[[symbolic]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; the [[object]]s are seen as gifts, she feels deprived symbolic tokens of something valuablethe [[mother]]'s [[love]]. Finally, and seeks it is the [[mother]]'s [[presence]] which testifies to compensate for this by obtaining [[love]], even if she does not bring any [[real]] [[object]] with her. Consequently, the [[mother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a child ''[[traumatic]] [[rejection]]'', as a symbolic substitute for the penis she has been denied.<ref>Freud[[lack|loss]] of her [[love]]. 1924d</ref>

===Symbolization===[[Freud]] showed how the [[child]] attempts to cope with this [[castration|loss]] by [[symbol|symbolizing]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[presence]]''' and '''[[absence]]''' in [[games]] and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] follows regards this primary [[Freudsymbolization]], aruging that as the [[child]] always represents for 's first steps into the [[symbolic|symbolic order]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 67-</ref> The [[mother]] a substitute for which interests [[psychoanalytic theory]] is thus above all the [[mother|symbolicmother]] , the [[phallusmother]] which in her role as the primordial [[Other]]. It is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by [[interpretation|interpreting]] the [[child]]'s screams and thereby [[retroactively]] determining their [[lackssignification|meaning]] (see [[privationpunctuation]]).

However, ===Imaginary Mother===The [[mother]] is manifested in the [[imaginary|imaginary order]] in a [[number]] of [[specular image|image]]s. One important [[Lacanspecular image|image]] emphasizes that ths substitute never really satisfies has aleady been mentioned is that of the devouring [[mother]] which is at the root of [[anxiety]]. [[Another]] important [[mother|maternal image]]; her is that of the [[desiremother|phallic mother]] for , the [[phallusmother]] persists even after she has had a imagined as possessing the [[childphallus|imaginary phallus]].

The [[child]] soon realizes that he does not completely [[satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]], that her [[desire]] aims at something beyond him, andthus attempts to decipher this enigmatic [[desire]]; he must work out an answer to the question ''Che vuoi?'' ("What do you want from me?"). The answer the [[child]]] comes up with is that what the [[mother]] [[desire]]s is the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]]. The [[child]] then seeks to [[satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by identifying with the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]] (or by identifying with the phallic mother, the mother imagined as possessing the phallus). In this game of "to be or not to be the phallus," the child is completely at the mercy of the capricious [[desire]] of the [[mother]], [[helplessness|helpless]] in the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p.69, 187</ref> However, this sense o fpowerlessness may not give rise to much [[anxiety]] at first; for a time, the [[child]] experiencces his attempts at being the [[phallus]] as a relatively satisfying game of seduction. It is only when the [[child]]'s sexual drives begin to stire (e.g. in infantile masturbation), and na element of the [[real]] is thus introduced into the[[imaginary]] game, that the omnipotence of the [[mother]] begins to provoke greater [[anxiety]] in the [[child]]. This [[anxiety]] is manifested in iamges of being devoured by the [[mother]], and is only resolved by the intervention of the [[real]] [[father]] who castrates the [[child]] in the third time of the [[Oedipus complex]]. ==The =Real Mother: Real, Symbolic and Imaginary=== [[Lacan]] argues that it is important to distinguish between the [[real]] [[mother]], the [[symbolic]] [[mother]], and the [[imaginary]] [[mother]]. -- The [[mother]] manifests herself in the [[real]] as the primary caretaker of the [[infant]]. The [[infant]] is incapable of [[satisfaction|satisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely Lacan’s remarks on an [[Other]] to care for him (see [[helplessness]]). The [[mother]] is first of all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[frustration|frustrating]] the [[subjectReal]]'s [[demand]] (see [[frustration]]). --- When the [[mother]] ministers to the [[infant]], bringing him the [[object]]s that will [[satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]]s soon take on a [[symbolic]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; the [[object]]s Mother are seen as gifts, symbolic tokens of the [[mother]]'s [[love]]. Finallyfew and far between, but it is the [[mother]]'s [[presence]] which testifies to this [[love]], even if she does not bring any real object with her. COnsequently, the [[mother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a traumatic rejection, as a loss of her love. [[Freud]] showed how the [[child]] attempts safe bet to cope with this loss by symbolizing assume that the [[[mother]]'s [[presence]] and [[absence]] in games and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[symbolization]] as the [[child]]'s first steps into the [[symbolic order."<ref>{{S4}} p.67-</ref> The [[mother]] which itnerests [[psychoanalytic theory]] Real Mother is thus above all none other than the [[symbolic]] [[motherdas Ding|Thing]]itself, the [[mother]] in her role as the primordial ultimate [[Other]]. it is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by interpreting the [[child]object of desire]'s screams and thereby retroactively determining their meaning (see [[punctuation]]). ----  The [[mother]] Real Mother is manifested in the [[imaginary order]] in a number of images. One important image that has aleady been mentioned is that of the devouring mother which is at the root of anxiety.  Another important maternal image is that of the phallic motherone we are once united with, or indeed the mother imagined as possessing the imaginary phallusOne beyond all symbolization itself.