Changes

=====Sigmund Freud==========Mother as First Love Object=====In [[Freud]]'s account of the '''[[Oedipus complex]]''', the [[mother]] is the first '''[[love]] [[object]] ''' of the [[child]]; it is only the [[intervention ]] of the '''[[father]]''', via the [[threat ]] of '''[[castration]]''', which forces the [[child]] to give up his '''[[desire]] ''' for the [[mother]].

=====Melanie Klein==========Mother-Child Dual Relationship==Relation===In the [[work ]] of [[Melanie Klein]], the emphasis shifted from the [[role ]] of the '''[[father]] ''' to the [[genital|pre-genital]] [[mother]]|mother-[[child]] '''[[dual relation|relation]]'''; the latter was described as a [[sadistic]] relation in whic which the [[development|child]] makes (in [[fantasy]]) vicious attacks on the [[mother]]'s [[fragmented body|body]] and then [[phobia|fear]]s retaliation from her.

=====Jacques Lacan==========Devouring Mother=====In his [[Works of Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|pre-war writings]], [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]] alludes several [[times ]] to [[Melanie Klein]]'s work, and describes the cannibalistic [[fantasy|fantasies]] of devouring, and [[being ]] devoured by, the [[mother]]. [[Lacan]] argues that the first of the [[complex|family complex]]es is the [[complex|weaning complex]], in which the interrruption of the [[dual relation|symbiotic relation]] with the [[mother]] leaves a permanent trace in the [[development|child]]'s [[psyche]].

He also describes the [[Lacandeath drive]] argues that the first of the as a ''nostalgic [[familyyearning]] '' to [[complexreturn]]es is to this relation of fusion with the [[weaning complexmother]], in which the interrruption 's [[mother|breast]]. This view of the [[dual relation|symbiotic relationmother]] with as an engulfing force which threatens to devour the [[motherchild]] leaves is a permanent trace constant theme in the [[childJacques Lacan|Lacan]]'s [[psycheJacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]]thereafter.<ref>{{S4}} p. 195; {{S17}} p.118</ref>

He also describes ===Socio-Symbolic World===[[Lacan]] argues that the [[child]] must detach himself from the '''[[death driveimaginary]] as a [[nostalgiadual relation|nostalgic yearningrelation]]''' with the [[mother]] in [[order]] to return enter the [[symbolic|social world]]; failure to this relation do so can result in any one of fusion with the various peculiarities ranging from [[motherphobia]]'s to [[breastperversion]].

This view of ===Paternal Function===Since the [[agent]] who helps the [[motherchild]] as an engulfing force which threatens to devour overcome the primary attachment to the [[childmother]] is the [[father]], these peculiarities may also be said to result from a constant theme in failure of the [[LacanName-of-the-Father|paternal function]]'s work thereafter.<ref>{{S4}} p. 195; {{S17}} p. 118</ref>

=====Socio-Symbolic World==Oedipus Complex===Hence much of [[Lacan]] argues that 's work is aimed at shifting the emphasis in [[childpsychoanalytic theory]] must detach himself from the [[imaginarymother|mother-child]] relation (the [[dual relation|relationpreoedipal]] with , the prototype of the [[motherimaginary]] in order to enter ) back onto the role of the [[symbolic|social worldfather]]; failure to do so can result in any one of various peculiarities ranging from (the [[phobiaOedipus complex]] to , the prototype of the [[perversionsymbolic]]).

=====Paternal Function==Desire of the Mother===Since the agent who helps the According to [[Freud]], a [[woman]]'s [[desire]] to have a [[development|child]] to overcome is rooted in her [[envy]] of the primary attachment to [[man]]'s [[penis]]. When the [[mothergirl]] is the first realizes that she does not possess a [[fatherpenis]], these peculiarities may also be said she feels deprived of something valuable, and seeks to result from compensate for this by obtaining a [[child]] as a failure of [[symbolic]] [[fetish|substitute]] for the [[Name-penis]] she has been denied.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Dissolution of-the-Father|paternal functionOedipus Complex]]," 1924d. [[SE]]XIX, 173.</ref>

=====Oedipus Complex==Symbolic Phallus===Hence much of [[Lacan]]'s work is aimed at shifting follows [[Freud]], arguing that the emphasis in [[psychoanalytic theorychild]] from always represents for the [[mother]]-a [[fetish|substitute]] for the '''[[phallus|symbolic phallus]]''' which she [[childlacks]] relation (the see [[preoedipalprivation]]). However, [[Lacan]] emphasizes that the prototype of [[fetish|substitute]] never really [[desire|satisfies]] the [[imaginarymother]]) back onto the role of the ; her [[fatherdesire]] (for the [[Oedipus complexphallus]], the prototype of the persists even after she has had a [[symbolicchild]]).

=====Desire of the Mother=="Che Vuoi?"===According to The [[development|child]] soon realizes that he does not completely [[Freuddesire|satisfy]], a the [[womanmother]]'s '''[[desire]] to have a ''', that her [[childdesire]] is rooted in her aims at something beyond him, and thus attempts to decipher this enigmatic [[envydesire]] of ; he must work out an answer to the question ''[[manChe vuoi?]]'s ' ("What do you [[peniswant]]from me?").

When ===Imaginary Phallus===The answer the [[girlchild]]] first realizes comes up with is that she does not possess a what the [[mother]] [[desire]]s is the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]'''. The [[penischild]], she feels deprived of something valuable, and then seeks to compensate for this [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by obtaining a [[childidentification|identifying]] with the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]] as a ''' (or by [[symbolicidentifying]] with the [[fetishmother|substitutephallic mother]], the [[mother]] for imagined as possessing the [[penisphallus]] she has been denied).<ref>{{F}} In this [[game]] of "to be or not to be the phallus,"the [[Works child]] is completely at the mercy of Sigmund Freud|The Dissolution the capricious [[desire]] of the Oedipus Complex[[mother]]," 1924d. [[SEhelplessness|helpless]] XIXin the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p. 69, 173.187</ref>

=====Symbolic Phallus==Anxiety===However, this [[sense]] of [[helplessness|powerlessness]] may not give rise to much '''[[Lacananxiety]] follows ''' at first; for a [[Freudtime]], arguing that the [[child]] always represents for experiences his attempts at being the [[phallus]] as a relatively [[satisfying]] game of [[seduction]]. It is only when the [[development|child]]'s [[drive|sexual drive]]s begin to stire (e.g. in [[infantile]] [[masturbation]]), and an element of the [[real]] is thus introduced into the [[imaginary]] game, that the omnipotence of the [[mother]] a begins to provoke greater [[anxiety]] in the [[fetishdevelopment|substitutechild]]. This '''[[anxiety]] for ''' is manifested in [[images]] of being devoured by the [[mother]], and is only resolved by the intervention of the [[symbolicreal]] [[phallusfather]] who castrates the [[child]] which she in the [[lacksthird]] (see time of the [[privationOedipus complex]]).

However===Imaginary, Symbolic and Real Mother===[[Lacan]] emphasizes argues that it is important to distinguish between the [[fetishmother|substitutereal mother]] never really , the [[desiremother|satisfiessymbolic mother]] , and the [[mother|imaginary mother]]. The [[mother]]; her manifests herself in the [[desirereal]] for as the primary caretaker of the [[phallusinfant]] persists even after she has had a . The [[infant]] is incapable of [[satisfaction|satisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely on an [[Other]] to care for him (see [[childhelplessness]]).

====="Che Vuoi?"==Symbolic Mother===The [[childmother]] is first of all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[frustration|frustrating]] the [[subject]]'s [[demand]] (see [[frustration]]). When the [[mother]] ministers to the [[infant]], bringing him the [[object]]s that will [[desire|satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]] s soon realizes take on a [[symbolic]] function that he does not completely eclipses their real funciton; the [[satisfyobject]] s are seen as gifts, symbolic tokens of the [[mother]]'s [[desirelove]]. Finally, that her it is the [[mother]]'s [[desirepresence]] aims at something beyond him, and thus attempts which testifies to decipher this enigmatic [[desirelove]], even if she does not bring any [[real]] [[object]]; he must work out an answer to with her. Consequently, the question [[mother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a ''[[Che vuoi?traumatic]] [[rejection]]'' ("What do you want from me?"), as a [[lack|loss]] of her [[love]].

=====Imaginary Phallus==Symbolization===The answer [[Freud]] showed how the [[child]] attempts to cope with this [[castration|loss]] by [[symbol|symbolizing]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[presence]]''' and '''[[absence]]''' in [[games]] and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[symbolization]] as the [[child]]'s first steps into the [[symbolic|symbolic order]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 67-</ref> The [[mother]] which interests [[psychoanalytic theory]] comes up with is that what thus above all the [[mother|symbolic mother]], the [[mother]] in her role as the primordial [[desireOther]]s . It is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by [[interpretation|interpreting]] the [[imaginarychild]]'s screams and thereby [[retroactively]] determining their [[signification|meaning]] (see [[phalluspunctuation]]).

===Imaginary Mother===The [[childmother]] then seeks to is manifested in the [[satisfyimaginary|imaginary order]] the in a [[mothernumber]]'s of [[desirespecular image|image]] by s. One important [[identificationspecular image|identifyingimage]] with that has aleady been mentioned is that of the devouring [[imaginarymother]] which is at the root of [[phallusanxiety]] (or by . [[identifyingAnother]] with the important [[phallicmother|maternal image]] is that of the [[mother|phallic mother]], the [[mother]] imagined as possessing the [[phallus|imaginary phallus]]).

In this game of "to be or not to be the phallus," the [[child]] is completely at the mercy of the capricious [[desire]] of the [[mother]], [[helplessness|helpless]] in the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p. 69, 187</ref> =====Anxiety==Real Mother===However, this sense of Lacan’s remarks on [[helplessness|powerlessnessthe Real]] may not give rise to much [[anxiety]] at first; for a timeMother are few and far between, the [[child]] experiences his attempts at being the [[phallus]] as but it is a relatively satisfying game of seduction. It is only when the [[child]]'s [[sexual]] [[drive]]s begin safe bet to stire (e.g. in infantile masturbation), and an element of the [[real]] is thus introduced into the [[imaginary]] game, assume that the omnipotence of the [[mother]] begins to provoke greater [[anxiety]] in the [[child]]. This [[anxiety]] is manifested in images of being devoured by the [[mother]], and is only resolved by the intervention of the [[real]] [[father]] who castrates the [[child]] in the third time of the [[Oedipus complex]]. =====Imaginary, Symbolic and Real Mother=====[[Lacan]] argues that it is important to distinguish between none other than the [[real]] [[motherdas Ding|Thing]]itself, as the ultimate [[symbolic]] [[mother]], and the [[imaginary]] [[mother]]. The [[mother]] manifests herself in the [[real]] as the primary caretaker object of the [[infantdesire]]. The [[infant]] is incapable of [[satisfaction|satisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely on an [[Other]] to care for him (see [[helplessness]]). =====Symbolic Real Mother=====The [[mother]] is first of all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[frustration|frustrating]] the [[subject]]'s [[demand]] (see [[frustration]]). When the [[mother]] ministers to the [[infant]], bringing him the [[object]]s that will [[satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]]s soon take on a [[symbolic]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; the [[object]]s one we are seen as gifts, symbolic tokens of the [[mother]]'s [[love]]. Finally, it is the [[mother]]'s [[presence]] which testifies to this [[love]], even if she does not bring any [[real]] [[object]] once united with her. Consequently, or indeed the [[mother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a traumatic rejection, as a [[lack|loss]] of her [[love]]. =====Symbolization=====[[Freud]] showed how the [[child]] attempts to cope with this [[castration|loss]] by [[symbol|symbolizing]] the [[[mother]]'s [[presence]] and [[absence]] in games and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[One beyond all symbolization]] as the [[child]]'s first steps into the [[symbolic order]]."<ref>{{S4}} p.67-</ref> The [[mother]] which interests [[psychoanalytic theory]] is thus above all the [[symbolic]] [[mother]], the [[mother]] in her role as the primordial [[Other]]. It is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by interpreting the [[child]]'s screams and thereby retroactively determining their meaning (see [[punctuation]]). =====Imaginary Mother=====The [[mother]] is manifested in the [[imaginary order]] in a number of [[specular image|image]]s. One important [[image]] that has aleady been mentioned is that of the devouring [[mother]] which is at the root of [[anxiety]]. Another important [[maternal]] [[image]] is that of the [[mother|phallic mother]], the [[mother]] imagined as possessing the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]]itself.

{{AlsoSee}}

* [[NeedsNeed]]