Changes

=====Sigmund Freud==========Love Object=====In [[Freud]]'s account of the '''[[Oedipus complex]]''', the [[mother]] is the first '''[[love]] [[object]]''' of the [[child]]; it is only the [[intervention ]] of the '''[[father]]''', via the [[threat ]] of '''[[castration]]''', which forces the [[child]] to give up his '''[[desire]]''' for the [[mother]].

=====Melanie Klein==========Dual Relation=====In the [[work ]] of [[Melanie Klein]], the emphasis shifted from the [[role ]] of the '''[[father]]''' to the [[genital|pre-genital]] [[mother|mother-child]] '''[[dual relation|relation]]'''; the latter was described as a [[sadistic]] relation in which the [[development|child]] makes (in [[fantasy]]) vicious attacks on the [[mother]]'s [[fragmented body|body]] and then [[phobia|fear]]s retaliation from her.

=====Jacques Lacan==========Devouring Mother=====In his [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|pre-war writings]], [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]] alludes several [[times ]] to [[Melanie Klein]]'s work, and describes the cannibalistic [[fantasy|fantasies]] of devouring, and [[being ]] devoured by, the [[mother]]. [[Lacan]] argues that the first of the [[complex|family complex]]es is the [[complex|weaning complex]], in which the interrruption of the [[dual relation|symbiotic relation]] with the [[mother]] leaves a permanent trace in the [[development|child]]'s [[psyche]].

He also describes the [[death drive]] as a ''nostalgic [[Lacanyearning]]'' to [[return]] argues that the first to this relation of fusion with the [[complex|family complexmother]]es is the 's [[complexmother|weaning complexbreast]], in which the interrruption . This view of the [[dual relation|symbiotic relationmother]] with as an engulfing force which threatens to devour the [[motherchild]] leaves is a permanent trace constant theme in the [[developmentJacques Lacan|childLacan]]'s [[psycheJacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]]thereafter.<ref>{{S4}} p. 195; {{S17}} p.118</ref>

He also describes ===Socio-Symbolic World===[[Lacan]] argues that the [[death drivechild]] as a must detach himself from the ''nostalgic yearning'[[imaginary]] [[dual relation|relation]]''' to return to this relation of fusion with the [[mother]]'s in [[order]] to enter the [[mothersymbolic|breastsocial world]]; failure to do so can result in any one of various peculiarities ranging from [[phobia]] to [[perversion]].

This view of ===Paternal Function===Since the [[agent]] who helps the [[motherchild]] as an engulfing force which threatens to devour overcome the primary attachment to the [[childmother]] is a constant theme in the [[Jacques Lacan|Lacanfather]]'s , these peculiarities may also be said to result from a failure of the [[Jacques Lacan:BibliographyName-of-the-Father|workpaternal function]] thereafter.<ref>{{S4}} p. 195; {{S17}} p. 118</ref>

=====Socio-Symbolic World=====[[Lacan]] argues that the [[child]] must detach himself from the '''[[imaginary]] [[dual relation|relation]]''' with the [[mother]] in order to enter the [[symbolic|social world]]; failure to do so can result in any one of various peculiarities ranging from [[phobia]] to [[perversion]]. =====Paternal Function=====Since the agent who helps the [[child]] to overcome the primary attachment to the [[mother]] is the [[father]], these peculiarities may also be said to result from a failure of the [[Name-of-the-Father|paternal function]]. =====Oedipus Complex=====

=====Desire of the Mother=====According to [[Freud]], a [[woman]]'s [[desire]] to have a [[development|child]] is rooted in her [[envy]] of the [[man]]'s [[penis]].  When the [[girl]] first realizes that she does not possess a [[penis]], she feels deprived of something valuable, and seeks to compensate for this by obtaining a [[child]] as a [[symbolic]] [[fetish|substitute]] for the [[penis]] she has been denied.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex]]," 1924d. [[SE]] XIX, 173.</ref> =====Symbolic Phallus=====[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]], arguing that the [[child]] always represents for the [[mother]] a [[fetish|substitute]] for the '''[[phallus|symbolic phallus]]''' which she [[lacks]] (see [[privation]]). However, [[Lacan]] emphasizes that the [[fetish|substitute]] never really [[desire|satisfies]] the [[mother]]; her [[desire]] for the [[phallus]] persists even after she has had a [[child]]. ====="Che Vuoi?"=====The [[development|child]] soon realizes that he does not completely [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[desire]]''', that her [[desire]] aims at something beyond him, and thus attempts to decipher this enigmatic [[desire]]; he must work out an answer to the question ''[[Che vuoi?]]'' ("What do you want from me?"). =====Imaginary Phallus=====The answer the [[child]]] comes up with is that what the [[mother]] [[desire]]s is the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]'''. The [[child]] then seeks to [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by [[identification|identifying]] with the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]''' (or by [[identifying]] with the [[mother|phallic mother]], the [[mother]] imagined as possessing the [[phallus]]). In this game of "to be or not to be the phallus," the [[child]] is completely at the mercy of the capricious [[desire]] of the [[mother]], [[helplessness|helpless]] in the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p. 69, 187</ref> =====Anxiety=====However, this sense of [[helplessness|powerlessness]] may not give rise to much '''[[anxiety]]''' at first; for a time, the [[child]] experiences his attempts at being the [[phallus]] as a relatively satisfying game of seduction.

It is only when ===Symbolic Phallus===[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]], arguing that the [[child]] always represents for the [[developmentmother]] a [[fetish|childsubstitute]]for the '''s [[drivephallus|sexual drivesymbolic phallus]]''' which she [[lacks]]s begin to stire (e.gsee [[privation]]). in infantile masturbation) However, and an element of [[Lacan]] emphasizes that the [[realfetish|substitute]] is thus introduced into the never really [[imaginarydesire|satisfies]] game, that the omnipotence of the [[mother]] begins to provoke greater ; her [[anxietydesire]] in for the [[development|phallus]] persists even after she has had a [[child]].

This ==="Che Vuoi?"===The [[development|child]] soon realizes that he does not completely [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[anxietydesire]]''' is manifested in images of being devoured by the , that her [[motherdesire]]aims at something beyond him, and is only resolved by the intervention of the [[real]] thus attempts to decipher this enigmatic [[fatherdesire]] who castrates ; he must work out an answer to the question ''[[childChe vuoi?]] in the third time of the '' ("What do you [[Oedipus complexwant]]from me?").

=====Imaginary, Symbolic and Real Mother==Phallus===The answer the [[Lacanchild]] argues ] comes up with is that it what the [[mother]] [[desire]]s is important the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]'''. The [[child]] then seeks to distinguish between [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by [[identification|identifying]] with the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]''' (or by [[identifying]] with the [[mother|real phallic mother]], the [[mother|symbolic mother]]imagined as possessing the [[phallus]]). In this [[game]] of "to be or not to be the phallus, and " the [[child]] is completely at the mercy of the capricious [[desire]] of the [[mother]], [[helplessness|imaginary motherhelpless]]in the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p. 69, 187</ref>

The ===Anxiety===However, this [[sense]] of [[helplessness|powerlessness]] may not give rise to much '''[[anxiety]]''' at first; for a [[time]], the [[child]] experiences his attempts at being the [[phallus]] as a relatively [[satisfying]] game of [[seduction]]. It is only when the [[development|child]]'s [[drive|sexual drive]]s begin to stire (e.g. in [[infantile]] [[masturbation]]), and an element of the [[real]] is thus introduced into the [[imaginary]] game, that the omnipotence of the [[mother]] manifests herself begins to provoke greater [[anxiety]] in the [[development|child]]. This '''[[anxiety]]''' is manifested in [[images]] of being devoured by the [[mother]], and is only resolved by the intervention of the [[real]] as [[father]] who castrates the [[child]] in the primary caretaker [[third]] time of the [[infantOedipus complex]].

===Imaginary, Symbolic and Real Mother===[[Lacan]] argues that it is important to distinguish between the [[mother|real mother]], the [[mother|symbolic mother]], and the [[mother|imaginary mother]]. The [[mother]] manifests herself in the [[real]] as the primary caretaker of the [[infant]]. The [[infant]] is incapable of [[satisfaction|satisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely on an [[Other]] to care for him (see [[helplessness]]).

=====Symbolic Mother=====The [[mother]] is first of all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[frustration|frustrating]] the [[subject]]'s [[demand]] (see [[frustration]]). When the [[mother]] ministers to the [[infant]], bringing him the [[object]]s that will [[desire|satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]]s soon take on a [[symbolic]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; the [[object]]s are seen as gifts, symbolic tokens of the [[mother]]'s [[love]]. Finally, it is the [[mother]]'s [[presence]] which testifies to this [[love]], even if she does not bring any [[real]] [[object]] with her. Consequently, the [[mother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a ''[[traumatic]] [[rejection]]'', as a [[lack|loss]] of her [[love]].

When ===Symbolization===[[Freud]] showed how the [[motherchild]] ministers attempts to cope with this [[castration|loss]] by [[symbol|symbolizing]] the [[infantmother]]'s '''[[presence]]''' and '''[[absence]]''' in [[games]], bringing him and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[symbolization]] as the [[objectchild]]'s that will first steps into the [[desiresymbolic|satisfysymbolic order]] his ."<ref>{{S4}} p. 67-</ref> The [[needsmother]], these which interests [[objectpsychoanalytic theory]]s soon take on a is thus above all the [[mother|symbolicmother]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; , the [[objectmother]]s are seen in her role as gifts, symbolic tokens of the primordial [[Other]]. It is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by [[interpretation|interpreting]] the [[motherchild]]'s screams and thereby [[retroactively]] determining their [[signification|meaning]] (see [[lovepunctuation]]).

Finally, it ===Imaginary Mother===The [[mother]] is manifested in the [[motherimaginary|imaginary order]] in a [[number]] of [[specular image|image]]'s . One important [[presencespecular image|image]] that has aleady been mentioned is that of the devouring [[mother]] which testifies to this is at the root of [[anxiety]]. [[Another]] important [[mother|maternal image]] is that of the [[lovemother|phallic mother]], even if she does not bring any the [[realmother]] imagined as possessing the [[objectphallus|imaginary phallus]] with her.

Consequently, the [[mother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a ''traumatic rejection'', as a [[lack|loss]] of her [[love]]. =====Symbolization==Real Mother===Lacan’s remarks on [[Freud]] showed how the [[childReal]] attempts to cope with this [[castration|loss]] by [[symbol|symbolizing]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[presence]]''' Mother are few and '''[[absence]]''' in games and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[symbolization]] as the [[child]]'s first steps into the [[symbolic|symbolic order]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 67-</ref> The [[mother]] which interests [[psychoanalytic theory]] is thus above all the [[mother|symbolic mother]]far between, the [[mother]] in her role as the primordial [[Other]]. It but it is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by [[interpretation|interpreting]] a safe bet to assume that the [[child]]'s screams and thereby retroactively determining their [[signification|meaning]] (see [[punctuation]]). =====Imaginary Real Mother=====The [[mother]] is manifested in none other than the [[imaginarydas Ding|imaginary orderThing]] in a number of [[specular image|image]]s. One important [[specular image|image]] that has aleady been mentioned is that of itself, as the devouring ultimate [[mother]] which is at the root object of [[anxietydesire]]. Another important [[mother|maternal image]] The Real Mother is that of the [[mother|phallic mother]]one we are once united with, or indeed the [[mother]] imagined as possessing the [[phallus|imaginary phallus]]One beyond all symbolization itself.

* [[NeedsNeed]]